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G^c^^^^^^G^c^^^-Q^^'^ 






THE 

HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 

OF 

BRENTFORD, EALING, & CHISWICK, 

INTERSPERSED WITH 

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 

OF 

ILLUSTRIOUS AND EMINENT PERSONS, 

WHO HAVE BEEN BOEN, OR HAVE RESIDED THEKE DURING THE 
THREE PRECEDING CENTURIES. 



BY 

THOMAS FAULKNER, 

AUTHOR OF THE HISTORIES OF CHELSEA, FULHAM, KENSINGTON, AND HAMMER- 
SMITH; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OY ANTIQUARIES 
OF NORMANDY. 



" It is with pleasure I see this branch of Antiquarian knowledge increasing 
among us in this inquisitive age. I claim no merit in kindling the flame, 
though I may have added fuel to it, and I shall never think that leisure misap- 
plied which can assist mankind in a pursuit that my partiality represents to me 
as something more than innocent." Gough. 



LONDON : 

SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO. ; NICHOLS & SON ; M. A. NATTALI 

WILLIAM PICKERING ; T. RODD ; AND J. R. SMITH. 



1845. 




CHELSEA: 
PRINTED BY T. WILSHER, MANOR STREET. 






3/ 



/p- 










TO THE 1UGHT HONORABLE 

HENRY STEPHEN FOX-STRANGWAYS, 

EARL OF ILCHESTER, LORD ILCHESTEH, BARON OF WOODFORD 
STRANGWAYS, COUNTY OF DORSET, 

AND LORD ILCHESTER AND STAVORDALE, BAEON OF REDLYCH, 
COUNTY OF SOMERSET, D.C.L. 

WHOSE ANCESTOR, 

SIR STEPHEN FOX, KNIGHT, 

ENDEARED HIMSELF TO POSTERITY BY HIS MUNIFICENT 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO 

CHELSEA EOYAL HOSPITAL, 

AND WHO, DURING HIS RESIDENCE IN 

CHISWICK, 

EMBELLISHED IT 'WITH CAPITAL MANSIONS, 

THIS WORK 
IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, 

BY HIS LORDSHIP'S OBLIGED HUMBLE SERVANT, 

THE AUTHOR. 



" The man of letters, anxious to extend and multiply his ideas, travels back 
into past ages, and penetrates through the scattered monuments of antiquity, in 
order to collect from their half effaced traces, the mind, opinion, and thoughts 
of the great men of every age. He converses with them in their native lan- 
guage, which he makes use of with a view to enrich his own. He surveys the 
regions of foreign literature, whose honourable spoils he brings away to augment 
the literary treasures of his own country." 

" L'Homme de lettres jaloux d'eteudre et de multiplier ses idees, remonte 
dans les siecles, et s'avance aux travers des monuments epars de l'antiquite, 
pour y recueiller sur des traces souvent presque effaces l'ame et la pensee des 
grands hommes de tous les ages. II converse avec eux dans leur langue dont 
il se sert pour enricher la sienne. II parcourt la domaine de la litterature 
etrangere dont il remporte des depouilles honorables au tresor de la litterature 
nationale." La Harpe. 




SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 



THE ROYAL LIBRARY. 

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT. 
HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF 
GLOUCESTER. 

The Right Hon. the Earl of Ilchester, D.C.L. 

The Right Hon. the Dowager Lady Holland. 

His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.B. 

The Right Hon. Earl Cadogan, C.B.K.M.T. 

The Right Hon. and Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of London 

The Honourable the Dowager Lady Bedingfield. 

Lady Harriet Paget, Chelsea College. 

The Baroness Rothschild, Gunnersbury Park. 

Thomas Adderley, Esq. Upper Clapton. 
Rev. F. T. Atwood, M.A. Vicar of Hammersmith. 
George Bird, Esq. Brook Green, Hammersmith. 
James Bird, Esq. Brook Green, Hammersmith. 
Mrs. Ann Blake, Ealing. 
Sir Felix Booth, Bart. Old Brentford. 
Charles Booth, Esq. Old Brentford. 
Rev. T. F. Bowerbank, M.A. Vicar of Chiswick. 
The Brentford Gas Light Company. 
Brentford Machanics' Literary Institution. 
J. Britton, Esq. F.S.A. Burton Crescent. 
J. Bullin, Esq. Westfield House, Ealing. 
John Bernard Burke, Esq. Bedford Square. 
The Ven. Archdeacon Bumey, D.D. F.R.S. Sible Hedingliam 
Essex. 



VI SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 

Kobert Chambers, Esq. Barrister-at-Law, Gray's Inn Square. 

Bev. Dr. Chisholm, Hammersmith. 

G. L. Clark, Esq. Sion Place, Isleworth. 

Samuel Clarke, Esq. Old Brentford. 

William Thomas Clark, Esq. Hammersmith. 

W. Tierney Clark, Esq. Engineer, Hammersmith. 

Jonathan Clarke, Esq. Chiswick Mall. 

Mrs. Clitherow, Boston House, Brentford. 

George Cooper, Esq. Eggiesfield House, Brentford. 

Crofton Croker, Esq. Parson's Green. 

Miss Currer, Eshton Hall, Yorkshire. 

Mr. John Davis, Kings Road, Chelsea. 

W. J. Dewdney, Esq. Chelsea. 

Mr. Edmonds, Chiswick. 

J. A. Emerton, M.A. Curate of Hanwell. 

Messrs. Evans, Great Queen Street. 

J. W. K. Eyton, Esq. Leamington. 

Thomas Farmer, Esq Gunnersbury House, Ealing. 

James Faulkner, Esq. St. John's, Fulham. 

William Faulkner, Esq. Chelsea. 

Edward Foss, Esq. Street End House, Canterbury. 

Henry Foss, Esq. 81, Pall Mall. 

Mr. J. Foster, Turnham Green. 

Thomas Frewen, Esq. Brickwall House, Northiam, Sussex. 

J. Frere, Esq. Sandford Brook. 

William Fiy, Esq. West Square, Lambeth. 

Mr. J. C. Gomme, Hammersmith. 

Gen. Sir J. W. Gordon, Bart. G.C.B. Chelsea College. 

The Governor and Company of the Grand Junction Water Works 

Mrs. Harriett Griffith, Brompton Hall. 

Miss Hackett, Clapham Terrace. 

T. Haig, Esq. Old Brentford. 

S. C. Hall, Esq. F.S.A. Rosery, Old Brompton. 

Mrs S. C. Hall, ditto. 

J. 0. Halliwell, Esq. F.S.A. Islip, Oxon. 

Mrs. Col. Hartley, Sloane Street. 

P. C. Hardwick, Esq. Architect, Russell Square. 

Rev. G Harrison, M.A. Vicar of New Brentford. 

J. Hartshorne, Esq. Chelsea College. 

Charles Hatchett, Esq. Belle Vue, Chelsea. 

Mr, W. Z. Heath, Three Pigeons, Brentford 



SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. YU 

Rev. W. H. Howard, M.A. Incumbent of Christ Church, Chelsea. 
Mrs. Hughes, Chelsea. 
Union Iron Steam Boat Company. 

Rev. Pi. C. Jenkins, M.A. Incumbent of Christ Church, Turn- 
ham Green. 
The Rev. C. Kingsley, LL.B. Rector of Chelsea. 
W. Lawrence, Esq. Ealing Park. 
Mrs. Lawrence, ditto. 

Dr. Lindley, Acton Common. 
Mr. Samuel Knewell, Ealing. 
Rev. S. R. Maitland, F.R.S. and F.S.A. Lambeth. 
Alexander Marshall, Esq. New Brentford. 
Rev Edward Miller, Chiswick. 

E. Mullins, Esq. Bedford Row. 
John Mullins, Esq. Battersea. 

Mr. Donald Munro, Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick. 

Mrs. Murphy, Kew Palace. 

Richard Xeave, Jun. Esq. F.S.A. Felcourt, Lingfield, Surrey. 

J. B. Nichols, Esq. F.S.A. Little Ealing. 

J. G. Nichols, Esq. Parliament Street. 

F. Nicholas, Esq. D.C.L. Ealing School. 
Mr. Norbury, New Brentford. 

Capt. Oliver, Boston Road. 

John Owen, Esq. Audit Office. Somerset House. 

Thomas Palmer, Esq. Rolls Chapel. 

Mr. J. H. Parker, Oxford. 

Sir John Philippart, Hammersmith. 

Sandford Peacocke, Esq. Park Lodge, Chelsea. 

Spenser Perceval, Esq. Elm Grove, Ealing. 

Mr. W. Pickering, Piccadilly. 

George Henry Pitt, Esq. Dublin. 

Henry Pownall, Esq. Spring Grove, Hounslow. 

Mrs. C. C. Raper, Chelsea. 

George Robins, Esq. Russell Square. 

Mrs. Robinson, Rochester House, Little Ealing. 

Mr. T. Rodd, Great Newport Street. 

Mr. Ronalds, New Brentford. 

W. F. Rose, Esq. West Square, Lambeth. 

Messrs. T. B. and L. Rowe, Old Brentford. 

Mr. G. Fulham Searle, New Brentford. 

Miss Elizabeth Isabella Sharpe, Chiswick Mall. 



Vlll SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 

John Charles Sharpe, Esq. 19, Fleet Street 

Samuel Shepherd, Esq. F.S.A. Chelsea. 

John Sich, Esq. Churchwarden, Chiswick. 

Henry Sich, Esq. Chiswick. 

W. Simpson, Esq. Bradmore House, Hammersmith 

Rev. John Smith, B.D. Vicar of Ealing. 

Mr. J. R. Smith, 4, Compton Street, Soho. 

H. Spicer, Esq. 28, Portman Square. 

Rev. John Stoddart, D.D. Vicar of Lowick, Northamptonshire. 

Frederick Tappenden, Esq. Sutton Court, Chiswick. 

James Tattersal, Esq. M.D. Ealing. 

Rev. F. C. Thompson, Perpetual Curate of Old Brentford. 

Mr. Thomas Thorpe, 178, Piccadilly. 

Rev. H. S. Trimmer, M.A. Vicarage, Heston. 

Rev. H. S. Trimmer, M.A. Mars ton-on- Wore, Derbyshire. 

Rev. E. Trimmer, M.A. Putney. 

Mrs. Vaughan, Old Brentford. 

Charles Welstead, Esq. Bemers Street. 

John Wetten, Esq Stile House. 

Charles Whittingham, Esq. Chiswick. 

The Rev. R. Wilson, D.D. Head Master of St. Peter s Grammar 

School. 
Rev. W. C. Yonge, Boston Road Chapel, Brentford. 
Charles George Young, Esq. Garter King-of-Arms, College of 

Arms. 



PREFAC E. 



The general and increasing interest which the public take 
in the topography of the County of Middlesex, is clearly 
evinced by the number of the successive Histories which 
have been published since the year 1810; viz. Chelsea, 
Enfield, Fulham, Hackney, Hammersmith, Hampstcad, 
Highgate, Islington, Kensington, St. Giles's and Blooms- 
bury, St. Mary-le-bone, Stoke Newington, and Tottenham. 
It may be truly asserted, that it is by these detached 
contributions that we may expect a complete History 
of the Metropolitan County, for the labour of a single 
work comprehending every parish never could be accom- 
plished by one person, however zealous he might be for 
the advancement of his favourite pursuit. 

In the prosecution of the present work, I have derived 
much assistance and information from the resident Clergy 
who have at all times kindly forwarded my enquiries, by 
granting me liberal access to the parochial records of 
which they are the constituted guardians ; and I have 
seized every opportunity of eliciting such original, 
authentic, and useful information, as appeared best adapted 
for elucidating the various objects of enquiry, which 



X PREFACE. 

consitute the proper matter of parochial history. Besides 
the resources before-mentioned, I have spared no labour 
in making every possible enquiry of such individuals as 
appeared most likely from their situation, or connection, 
to be able to give me valuable information. I have much 
pleasure in acknowledging my obligations to the Rev. 
H. S. Trimmer, for the documents relative to his revered 
and estimable parent; and my thanks are also due to 
"W. F. Rose, Esq. for the memoir of his learned and 
respected grandfather, so long an inhabitant of Chiswick. 
Likewise to J. Phillips, Esq. who favoured me with several 
original anecdotes relative to the celebrated Hogarth, 
which his family connection enabled him to furnish ; to 
Dr. Lindley, who kindly granted me permission to enter 
freely the Horticultural Gardens, thus enabling me to 
give a copious account of that celebrated institution, 
which is not to be equalled in Europe. To C. Welstead, 
Esq. Lord of the Prebendal Manor of Chiswick, for 
permission to inspect the Manorial Records in his posses- 
sion ; and my thanks are also due to C. Roberts, Esq. 
of the Record Office in the Tower ; and to Thomas Palmer, 
Esq. of the Rolls, for opening to my access the National 
Records, which have been so long under their able care 
and superintendence. 

I am bound likewise, to acknowledge generally, my 
obligations to Charles George Young, Esq. Garter King 
of Arms; William Courthope, Esq. Rouge Croix; Henry 
Ellis, Esq. F.S.A. Principal Librarian of the British 
Museum; J. B. Nichols, Esq. F.S.A.; J.G.Nichols, 
Esq. F.S.A. ; J.Britton,Esq.F.S.A. : and to J.Eonney,Esq. 



PREFACE. XI 

The great mass of materials brought forward by the 
Commissioners of Records, during the last thirty-five 
years, has thrown so much new light on the ancient state 
and succession of property in this county, that every 
topographical historian is bound to express his most 
grateful acknowledgements to those honorable persons for 
the zeal, industry, and research which have been displayed 
in the numerous volumes on the Records of the Realm 
that have been given to the public, under their auspices. 

In finally taking leave of my Antiquarian studies, which 
have occupied my attention for forty years, I may be per- 
mitted to assert, that I have, at all times, used my best 
endeavours to select the truth, without undue prejudice 
or partiality, nor have spared either personal labour, or 
deligent investigation ; thus I may truely say with 
Dr. Fuller that " I have gone, and rid, and wrote, and 
sought, with mine own eyes, to make what discoveries I 
could ;" and, perhaps, I may be permitted to indulge the 
imagination, that the antiquary yet unborn will think with 
complacency and satisfaction on the days and years 
consumed by me in preparing the seveial Histories of 
Chelsea, Fulham, Kensington, Hammersmith, Brentford, 
Ealing, and Chiswick. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 

Sir Stephen Fox, Frontispiece 

New Brentford Church , ) „ 

John Middleton's Monument j 

Redman 's Monument } 

Amondesham's Monument j 

Girls' Charity School | 

Brentford Market House j 

Saint Mary's Church, Ealing ) r 

Saint George's Chapel, Old Brentford j ' 

Chiswick Church ) 

Sir Thomas Chaloner's Monument j ' 

Willius. Bordall, (ancient brass formerly in Chiswick Church) 320 

Chiswick House ) 

Inigo Jones's Gateway J 

Portraits of I,, da Vinci — Murillo — Carlo Maratti 402 

Portraits of Wouvermans — Titian — Holbein — Rubens — ) . n 

Nicholas Poussin J 

Portrait of William Hogarth, Esq 439 

Hogarth's House ) . . fl 

Workshop j 

Heathfield House ) lp , 

High House, Chiswick Mall j 01 

Christ Church, Turnham-Green 4G8 



The following are printed in the Text. 

Berkeley Arms 04 

Archery in the Butts 110 

Sir William Noy's House 140 

Brentford Tokens 163 

King David Playing on Bells 215 

Ealing Tokens 250 

Map of the Roman Road 278 

Chiswick Tokens 383 

The Palladian Bridge 431 

Chiswick Chapel 454 

Grove House 484 



CONTENTS. 



BRENTFORD. 

CHAPTER I. 

PAGE 

Introduction — County of Middlesex — Hundreds of Eltborne and Ossuls- 
ton — Antiquity of Old and New Brentford — The Origin of Villages 
and Towns — Situation — Geology — River Thames and Fishery — 
Swan-Upping 1 

CHAPTER II. 

Historical Events — Battle between King Edmund Ironside and Canute, 
the former pursues the Danes across the Thames, where Kew Bridge 
now stands ; great loss of the English in crossing the River — Cruel 
Murder at Brentford of Edmund Ironside, by Edric Streone, the 
Traitor, — his punishment and death — Chapter of the Order of the 
Garter held at the Red Lion Inn — The Marian Persecution — Cruelties 
of that dreadful Period — Burning of Six Protestants in the Market 
Place — Civil War — King Charles advances to Brentford — Battle and 
defeat of the Parliament Army — Plunder of the Town — Petition of 
the Inhabitants to the Parliament — The King's Messages and Decla- 
ration — Retreats to Kingston — The Earl of Brentford — Election of 
Members for the County 11 

CHAPTER III. 

Parish Church — Original Records — Grants of the Protector's Parliament 
— Qxieen Anne's Bounty — Augmentation of the Living, and Endow- 
ment of the Vicarage — Description of the Interior of the Church — 
Monuments and Inscriptions — Curates and Incumbents — Benefactions 
and Charities — Benevolent Societies, and Charity Schools — Extracts 
from the Parish Books 43 



XIV CONTEXTS. 



CHAPTER IV. 



Market and Fairs — Charter of King Edward the First granted at the 
instance of Margaret, Queen of England, to the Prioress and Nuns of 
St. Helen's, London, in their Manor of Brentford — History and Descent 
of the Property of the Market and Fairs — Manor of Boston — The 
Clitherow Family — Biographical Account of the late Colonel Clitherow 
— The Butts — Ancient and Modern state, formerly a place for Archery 
— The spot used for the Election of the Members of Parliament — Riots 
and Disturbances — Brentford Bridge — Ancient and Modern state — 
Royal Grants 89 

CHAPTER V. 

Association of the Church Missionary Society — St. George's Chapel and 
Charities, Old Brentford — Places of Worship not Parochial; — Baptist 
Chapel, Old Brentford — Chapel of Particular Baptists, Market Place — 
Boston Road Chapel — Albany Chapel — Brentford British Schools — 
British and Foreign Bible Society — Brentford Mechanics' Institution 
— Brentford Poor Law Union and Workhouse 128 

CHAPTER VI. 

New Brentford — Boundaries and Extent — Population and number of 
Houses — The Hum — The Butts and Market Place — The Brent — The 
Grand Junction Canal — Boston Road — The Half Acre — The County 
Court — The Petty Sessions — The Town, Houses, and Inns — Sir W. 
Noy's House, now Mr. Ronald's — The Great Floods — Rejoicings on 
the Arrival of Queen Victoria 189 

CHAPTER VII. 

Old Brentford — Boundaries and Extent- — Population- — Half Acre, Wind- 
mill Lane — Mrs. Trimmer — The High Street — River Ayts — The 
Ferry — Wharfs and Manufactories — Timber Yard, Saw Mills — Soap 
Manufactory — Police Station — Pottery — Brewery — Brentford Distil- 
lery — G as Light Company — Grand Junction Water Works — Brick 
Kilns and Tilery 155 

EALING. 

CHAPTER I. 

N ame — Situation — Boundaries and Extent — Roads and Highways — 
Population — Agriculture and Soil — Land Tax — Parochial Rates .... 171 

CHAPTER II. 

Parish Church — Rectory and Vicarage — Vicars — Lecturers — Ancient 
Church Inventory — Monumental Inscriptions — Charities and Bene- 
factions — Charity Schools — Extracts from the Parish Books 171 



CONTEXTS. XV 

CHAPTER TTI. 

Village of Ealing — Ealing and Brentford Volunteers — Ealing Manor — 
Parsonage House — Manor of Cold-hall — Goodenough House — Ealing- 
House — Lady Noel Byron's Industrial School — Elm Grove — Ealing 
Grove — Ealing Green — Little Ealing — Ealing Park — Ealing Dean — 
Manor of Gunnersbury — Ancient Houses — Eminent Inhabitants 223 

CHAPTER IV. 

Ealing, north of the Uxbridge Road — Castle Bar Hill — His Royal High- 
ness the Duke of Kent — Manor of Pitt's-Hanger — Thomas Edwards, 
Esq. — Fordhook — Henry Fielding, Esq. — Hanger Hill — Hanger Lane 
— Charles Dibden — The Great Western Railway — The Grand Junction 
Water Works Company's Engine Houses and Works erecting in 1815 259 

CHISWICK. 

CHAPTER I. 

Name — Situation — Soil — Boundaries — Extent — Roman Road — Water 
Courses and Bridges — Parliamentary Army at Turnham-green — Battle 
of Turnham-green — Ancient Manors 275 

CHAPTER II. 
Rectory and Vicarage — Ancient Inventories o:" the Church of Cheswyk 
— Prebendaries — Value of the Vicarage — Parliamentary and Common- 
wealth Clergy — Vicars from 1(>G2 — Church of St. Nicholas — Monu- 
ments and Inscriptions in the Cburch and Church-yard 295 

CHAPTER III. 

The Town — The Mall — College-House — Ralph — Dr. Rose — Manor 
Farm-House — Corney-House — Lord Macartney — Sir Stephen Fox's 
House — Morton Hall — Sir Stephen Fox — Eminent Inhabitants — 
Population— Trade 346 

CHAPTER IV. 
♦ 

Chiswick-House — Historical and Biographical Reminiscences — Earl of 
Burlington — Dukes of Devonshire — Duchess of Devonshire — Rigbt 
Hon. C. J. Fox — Right Hon. G. Canning — Picture Gallery and Gar- 
dens — Visit of the illustrious Sovereigns in the year 1814 — Visit of 
Her Majesty the Queen and His Royal Highness Prince Albert, in 
1S42 — Visit of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor Nicholas, in lb44 385 

CHAPTER V. 

Hogarth-House — William Hogarth, Esq. — Holland the Actor — M. de 
Loutherbourgh — Arthur Murphy, Esq. — Mawson Row — Bishop 
Mawson — Chiswick Chapel — British Schools — High-House, Chiswick 
Mall — Count of Nassau — Mr. William Sharp — Mr. Henry Neele — 
Mr. Charles Whittingham 439 



XVI CONTEXTS. 

CHAPTER VI. 

Turnham-Green — Situation — Heathfield-House — General Elliot — Pack- 
horse Inn — Sir John Chardin — Dr. Morell — Dr. Griffiths — Bohemia- 
House — Stafford-House — Ugo Foscolo — Turnham-Green Church — 
Horticultural Gardens — Little Sutton — Sutton Court — Grove-House — 
Strand-on-the-Green — J. Zoffani, Esq. the Eminient Painter — Joe 
Miller — New Union Iron Steam Boat Company, and Pier — City 
Barge — Ealing Park — Chiswick Church Bells — Willow Ayte, called 
Muckinshaw — Projected Hounslow Atmospheric Railway 461 



THE 

HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 

OF 

BRENTFORD. 



CHAPTER I. 

Introduction — County of Middlesex — Hundreds of Elthorne, and Ossulstone — 
Antiquity of Old and New Brentford — The Origin of Villages and Towns — 
Situation — Geology — River Thames and Fishery — Swan Upping. 

The obscurity which envelopes the events of remote times, 
renders the attempt to trace the origin and ancient state 
of our cities and towns extremely difficult. The most 
careful and diligent investigator of ancient records can 
scarcely hope to dispel the clouds which darken them; 
and yet, from these sources are chiefly derived the faint 
and glimmering lights which guide us through the uncer- 
tain labyrinth of early ages. 

But in the elucidation of subjects of this nature, we are 
frequently led astray by the delusive excursions of fancy ; 
for the fabulous and discordant opinions of many of our 
early writers on subjects of antiquity have a tendency 
rather to mislead, than to inform the mind of the reader, 
and their authority must not be received without careful 
examination, their zeal not being sufficiently tempered 
with that cool and patient investigation which will allow 
no idea to implant itself, unless founded on a basis that 
cannot be overturned by future enquiry. But whatever 
difficulties may arise in the prosecution of antiquarian 
researches from the above-mentioned causes, it is the duty 
of the Topographical Historian to make use of such a share 



« HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

of industry, diligence, and discrimination, as may enable 
him to produce a connected and consistent narrative of 
past events. 

Middlesex. — This county derives its name from its 
position relatively to the three surrounding kingdoms of 
the Heptarchy. Though of an irregular form, it resembles 
a parallelogram, with an area of 282 square statute miles, 
or 180,480 statute acres. It is divided into six hundreds : 
viz. Edmonton, Elthorne, Gore, Isle worth, Spelthorn, and 
Ossulstone. The same number of hundreds are mentioned 
in the record of Domesday, so that it is obvious that the 
political divisions of Middlesex have undergone but little 
alteration since the period of the conquest* 

This county gave birth to the title of Earl to Lionel 
Cranfleld, Lord Treasurer to King James the First, who 
was created Earl of Middlesex, in 1622, but the title 
became extinct, by the death of his son, the third Earl, in 
1674. It was revived in 1675, in favour of Charles 
Sackville, son and heir apparent of Richard Earl of Dorset, 
who had married Frances, sister and heiress of the last 
Earl. 

The hundred of Ossulstone affords the title of Baron to 
Charles Bennet Earl of Tankerville, whose family was 
anciently seated in Berkshire. Sir John Bennet was made 
Knight of the Bath, at the coronation of Charles the 
Second ; and he was, in the year 1682, advanced to the 
peerage, by the title of Baron Ossulstone. 

The towns and villages in the environs of London pos- 
sess many claims on the notice of the historian, and they 
may be considered as worthy members of that metropolis, 
for they are closely indentified with its history and aggran- 
disement. Indeed, upon the tranquillity and happiness of 

* " It is in effect but the suburbs at large of London, replenished with the 
retiring houses of the gentry and citizens thereof, besides many palaces of 
noblemen, and three stately royal mansions, wherefore much measure cannot 
be expected of so fine ware, the cause why this county is so small, scarce 
extending, east and west, to 18 miles in length, and not exceeding, north and 
south, 12 miles in the breadth thereof." — Fuller's Worthies Middx. p. 47. 



INTRODUCTION. O 

London, depends, in a great measure, the prosperity of 
the whole country ; but more especially of those interesting 
parishes in its immediate vicinity, three of which it is the 
object of this work to describe. 

The origin of Towns and Villages. — It is a well 
known fact, but which has scarcely been adverted to, that 
all the present towns and villages appear to have existed 
from the Saxon times. This circumstance is in general 
sufficiently attested, both by their names, and by historical 
evidence. They have, indeed, become much larger, 
during a succession of ages ; yet no very great addition 
has been made to their number. The vast increase of the 
population and wealth of the country has nearly all been 
collected and arranged around the centres of the original 
towns and villages, which, it is curious to reflect, were so 
numerously spread over the face of the country in those 
early ages. It is also certain that the present division of 
the country into parishes, is as old as the tenth century, 
which proves that the English villages in the Saxon times 
were nearly as numerous as at the present day. 

Tythings, Towns, and Vills. In process of time, by the 
increase of inhabitants, there arose small appendages to 
these towns, called Hamlets ; and the designation of Entire 
Vills, Demi- Vills, and Hamlets, are noticed so early as 
the 14th of Edward the First. Sir Henry Spelman con- 
siders that an entire vill consisted of ten freemen, or frank- 
pledges ; demi- vills of five ; and hamlets of less than five* 

Brentford. — The township of New Brentford lies 
within the hundred of Elthorne, in the county of Middlesex, 
it is bounded on the north by Hanwell, on the east by 
Ealing and Old Brentford, on the west by Isleworth, and 
on the south by the River Thames. The whole of the 
town called Old Brentford, lies within the hundred of 
Ossulstone, and parish of Ealing. 

NeAv Brentford takes its name from the river Brent 
which appears at different dates under the titles of the 

* Glos. i. p. '274. Blackstone, vol. i. p. 215. 

b2 



4 HISTORY OF BRENTFOED. 

Brain, the Brawnie, the Braint, and finally, the Brent, 
The town is divided into two parts, called Old and New 
Brentford, and East and West Brentford. In Norden's- 
Map of Middlesex, published in 1636, they are called 
Great and Little Brentford.* 

The town is upwards of a mile in length, and is situated 
on the Great Western Boad at the distance of seven miles 
from London. Which end of this town is the most ancient 
it is rather difficult to decide. In favour of the antiquity of 
New Brentford we have the proximity to the Ford, the date 
of the Chapel of Ease, now the Parish Church, the site of the 
Market and Fair, its being the place of County Elections, 
and the outward appearance of certain buildings. On the 
other hand, the name of Old Brentford is an argument of 
itself. The distinction of Old and New Brentford certainly 
existed in 1642, as appears by the printed Journals of that 
period. The outward appearance of certain buildings 
must have its weight, and it is a well known fact, that 
before the New Cut was made, there was always along 
the shore of this part of the town, many barges and other 
vessels ; New Brentford offering no such convenience, 
where goods of all sorts could be landed, and then conveyed 
by carriage to the inward towns and villages. This is a 
feature, however, altogether independent of the Ford. I 
mean that if there had been no Brent, and no Ford over it, 
this being the most convenient spot within the influence 
of the tide for landing goods, corn, and other goods, for 
which there would be a demand in the inland country, 
would naturally occasion the houses to be built, and attract 
the business that was there carried on. 

Regarded in this light, it seems merely a question whe- 
ther the transit of the Ford, or the traffic of the Thames, 
would be the first to cause the erection of habitations. 

* The origin of towns and cities depends on a variety of accidental and 
anomalous circumstances. The ford of a river, the cell of a hermit, the inaccessi- 
bility of a mount, the protection of a Castle, the fertility of a plain, the plenteous 
fishery on a sea coast, or at the mouth of a river, or, perhaps, the vicinity of a 
royal court, or the household of some rich and powerful lord, or of some opulent 
and hospitable abbey, are among the causes to which the rise of most of the towns 
and cities of modern Europe is to be referred. 



GEOLOGY. D 

Indeed, the evidence on both sides is so nearly balanced, 
that we may, without much mistake, declare the two towns 
coeval. In respect to the situation of the town of Brent- 
ford, it must be evident to the most casual observer, that it 
is one where trade and commerce might be expected to 
flourish ; and it can hardly be doubted, but commercial 
considerations had considerable weight with its original 
founders. Be this, however, as it may, in descending the 
stream of time, and arriving at authentic annals, we become 
acquainted with a series of interesting events relative to 
the history of the County Town of Middlesex. 

Geology. — All who are familiar with even the outlines of 
the delightful and somewhat fashionable science of Geology, 
cannot fail to be aware, that Brentford is situated in the 
same chalk basin as London ; and, consequently, like the 
metropolis, has the blue or London clay for its most impor- 
tant stratum. Immediately below the soil are various 
layers of sand and gravel, intermixed with patches of loam 
and clay, and extending to a depth of from ten to twenty 
feet. We then meet with the grand deposit of blue clay, 
which is in this neighbourhood about two hundred feet 
thick, having below it the abundant green sand formation 
so rich in soft clear water, which is yielded to the various 
deep wells in and around the metropolis. 

The very interesting paper published in 1813, by the 
late Mr. Trimmer, F.R.S., of which we think the fol- 
lowing abstract will be found acceptable, contains nearly 
all that is known of the geology of this neighbourhood up 
to the present time. A few artesian borings, and deep 
excavations of recent date, have only confirmed the general 
accuracy of Mr. Trimmer's observations, and made some 
small additions to his list of organic remains. The works 
of the Grand Junction Water Company near Kew Bridge, 
now in progress, give promise of further specimens, which 
all zealous geologists on the spot will do well to look out 
for and preserve. 

In this neighbourhood have been found some of those 
organic remains which form the tacit memorials of ages 



D HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

otherwise unknown, and which are calculated to excite 
an ardour of curiosity that it would be difficult to gratify 
by rational deduction. 

An account of these discoveries was written by the late 
Mr. W. K. Trimmer, and is printed in the Philosophical 
Transactions for the year 1813, accompanied by a letter from 
that gentleman's brother, stating the decease of the author 
shortly after he had prepared that paper for publication. 

The account may be deemed the more valuable from the 
circumstance of Sir Joseph Banks having witnessed the 
progress of the investigation in its principal stages. The 
specimens of organic remains discovered near Brent- 
ford, were found on digging clay, under the direction of 
Mr. Trimmer, for the manufacture of bricks and tiles. 
They were discovered in two fields, which are not con- 
tiguous to each other. The first field in which the earth 
was perforated, is about half a mile north of the Thames 
at Kew Bridge, its surface being about twenty-five feet 
above the Thames at low water. 

The strata on this spot are thus described : — first, sandy 
loam, from six to seven feet in depth, the lowest two feet 
being slightly calcareous ; second, sandy gravel, a Yew inches 
only in thickness; third, loam, slightly calcareous, from 
one to five feet in depth; between this and the next 
stratum, peat frequently intervenes in small patches; 
fourth, gravel with water ; this latter stratum varies from 
two to ten feet in thickness, and is always the deepest in 
the places covered by the peat ; fifth, the main substratum 
of blue clay, which extends under London and its whole 
vicinity, and which is proved (by the perforation effected 
in the digging of several wells,) to be about two hundred 
feet in thickness under the more level lands, and pro- 
portionably thicker under the hills. 

It does not appear that any organic remains have been 
found in the first stratum. In the second, snail shells, and 
the shells of river fish have been met with, and a few 
bones of land animals, but of an inconsiderable size, and in 
so mutilated a state that the class to which they belong 
could not be ascertained. In the third stratum, the horns 



GEOLOGY. ( 

and bones of the ox, and the horns, bones, and teeth of 
the deer have been found. In the fourth stratum were 
discovered teeth and bones of both the African and Asiatic 
elephant; teeth of the hippopotamus, and bones, horns, 
and teeth of the ox. A tusk of an elephant, dug from this 
stratum, measured nine feet three inches. In the fifth stra- 
tum, the blue clay, the fossils, are entirely marine, with the 
exception of some specimens of fruit, and pieces of £>etrified 
wood, the latter when large, being always penetrated by 
teredines. The other fossils from this stratum are crabs, 
nautili, oysters, teeth and bones of fish, and a great variety 
of small marine shells. This stratum has been penetrated, 
in the field under notice, only to the depth of thirty feet. 
The second field is a mile to the west of the former, and 
about the same distance north of the river Thames, and a 
quarter of a mile eastward of the river Brent, its height 
above the river Thames at low water being about forty 
feet. 

The strata are thus enumerated : — first, sandy loam, to 
the depth of eight feet, the lowest three feet of which are 
slightly calcareous ; below this are two strata of gravel and 
clay, as in the former field ; but these have, in the present 
instance, been only penetrated in digging for water. In 
the first stratum, as in the other field, no organic remains 
have been discovered ; in the second, (but always so low as 
to be within two feet of the third stratum,) have been 
found the teeth and bones of the hippopotamus and ele- 
phant, the horns, bones, and teeth, of several species of 
deer, and of the ox, together with numerous shells of river 
fish. The remains of hippopotami are here so abundant, 
that in turning over an area of 120 yards, in the year 1813, 
parts of six tusks of that animal were found, besides a 
tooth, and part of the horn of a deer ; parts of a tusk, and 
a grinder of an elephant, and the horns, with a small por- 
tion of the skull of an ox. One of these horns, measured 
by Mr. Trimmer, was found to be four feet six inches 
long, following the curve, and five inches in diameter, at 
the larger end. Mr. Trimmer observes, that the gravel 
stones in this stratum do not appear to have been rounded 



8 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

in the usual way by attrition, and that the bones must 
have been deposited after the flesh was off, because no two 
bones have been found together, as joined in the living 
animal ; and he likewise observes, that the bones are not 
in the least worn, as must have been the case had they 
been exposed to the wash of a sea beach. In the third 
stratum were also found horns and bones of the ox and 
deer together, with shells of snails and river fish. 

See further particulars in the Philosophical Transactions 
for 1813, where are introduced engravings of the principal 
articles discovered. The collection of organic remains 
formed by this ingenius correspondent of the Royal Society, 
is now preserved in the house of the Rev. E. Trimmer, 
of Putney. 

Not any discoveries of importance have occurred since 
that period. Though many deep borings have been made, 
these, from want, evidently, of lateral extent, have been very 
unproductive in fossils. The foundation of the engine-house 
of the Grand Junction Water Company, near Kew bridge, 
erected in 1840, was laid at a depth of near forty feet; 
and, in the course of the necessary excavations, several large 
nautili, and many smaller marine shells were found. 

River Thames and Fishery. — This town and neigh- 
bourhood are daily refreshed by the tide of this noble river 
which flows from the Nore to Teddington (Tide-end town), 
a few miles beyond Richmond, a distance of more than sixty 
miles from the sea, a greater length than it flows into any 
other river in Europe ; yet the Thames must yield to the 
superiority of many rivers in point of magnitude. The 
Ganges, and the Nile in the East ; the Mississipi, the Ama- 
zons, and the Rio Plata in the west ; are in this respect 
superior to the Thames. The mighty rivers of the western 
hemisphere pour their streams into the sea through 
regions that extend over parallels of latitude, and precipitated 
down wild cataracts, they traverse vast wildernesses, exhi- 
biting in their gloomy majesty, an unappropriated world. It 
has been observed, that these rivers contribute their waters 
not to the Pacific, but to the Atlantic ocean, as if to effect 



SWAN UPPIXG. 9 

and preserve the equilibrium of the globe ; a suggestion 
that fills the mind with reverence and adoration of the 
beneficence, wisdom, and omnipotence of the Creator. 

But these magnificent rivers are deficient in the attri- 
butes that distinguish the Thames above all others. This 
noble stream supplied by nature, but improved and 
directed by art, bears the produce of every climate, and 
the commodities of every foreign state to the British 
capital, and to its populous and increasing vicinity. 

Amidst operations that surpass in magnitude and 
wealth the representations of ancient Tyre, the humblest 
industry, and the most ardent- enterprise have contributed 
to the strength and resources which have raised the British 
name among the nations of the earth. 

The Fishery, which was formerly carried on here, and 
in the neighbourhood, is now sadly reduced, and employs 
but few hands, the daily passage of the steam boats by 
constantly agitating the water, has driven away the fish 
higher up the river, where they find a safe retreat and 
shelter from this annoyance. 

Fifty years ago, there appear to have been as many as 
a hundred families in Brentford, supported solely by 
fishing : there are now hardly twenty, notwithstanding the 
great increase in the population of the town since that 
period. Perhaps another cause of the downfal of the 
Brentford fishery is the vastly increased amount of impuri- 
ties poured into the Thames by the sewers of the ever- 
growing capital, and of the large suburban villages that lie 
along the river.* 

The resident bargemen of Brentford, (exclusive of the 
lightermen, their masters,) number somewhat between two 
and three hundred, and are on the whole a very thriving 
class of labourers. 

Swan Uppixg. — There are a great number of Swans 
upon the Thames. They are under the special guardianship 

* For the condition of the fisheries in the river Thames above London 
Bridge, see Faulkner's History of Chelsea, p. ^20 ; Fulham, p. 4 ; and Ham- 
mersmith, p. 68. 



10 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

of the Lord Mayor of London, who annually, by himself 
or by his deputy, goes up the river in his state barge, 
accompanied by the Vintners' and Dyers' companies to 
mark the young Swans. 

The Swan hopping or upping, that is the taking up of 
the Swans to mark the Cignets, and revive the marks on the 
old birds, if obliterated, is performed in the presence of the 
Royal Swineherd's man. The marks used during the three 
preceding reigns, as well as the present, may be seen in 
Yarrell's interesting work on British birds, where much 
curious information is given on this subject, together with 
no less than sixteen Swan marks, which are made upon 
the upper mandible with a knife, or other sharp instru- 
ment. 

Formerly large nocks ventured unmolested below Lon- 
don Bridge, into that channel, now narrowed by vessels 
from every region. Paulus Jovius describing the Thames 
in 1552 says, " this river abounds in Swans, swimming 
in flocks, the sight of which and their noise, are very 
agreeable to the fleets, that meet them in their course." 
Shakspeare must have seen this sight, when he made 
York compare the struggle of his followers at the battle 
of Wakefield, to a Swan encountering a tidal stream. 

" As I have seen a Swan, 
With bootless labour swim against the tide, 
And spend her strength with over-matching waves. 

Hen. VI. p. 3, Act 1, s. 4. 

The attribute of funereal singing was universally ascribed 
to this bird, by the ancient poets.* But who ever heard 
this harmony, (asks the learned historian), and why was 
it more remarkable and mellifluous in the dying Swans 
of antiquity, than in those of youth and vigour ?f 

* Luc. De Elec. seu Cygn. Tom. 1, p. 815. Basil, 1563. 
+ Burney's Hist, of Music, vol. i. p. 191. 



HISTORICAL EVENTS. 11 



CHAPTER II. 

Historical Events — Battle between King Edmund Ironside and Canute, the 
former pursues the Danes across the Thames, where Kew Bridge now stands; 
great loss of the English in crossing the River. — Cruel Murder at Brent- 
ford of Edmund Ironside, by Edric Streone, the Traitor, — his punishment and 
death. — Chapter of the Order of the Garter held at the Red Lion Inn. — The 
Marian Persecution. — Cruelties of that dreadful Period — Burning of Six 
Protestants in the Market Place. — Civil War — King Charles advances to 
Brentford — Battle and defeat of the Parliament Army — Plunder of the 
Town — Petition of the Inhabitants to the Parliament — the King's Messages 
and Declaration — Retreats to Kingston — The Earl of Brentford — Election of 
Members for the County. 

During the warlike contentions that took place between 
Edmund Ironside and Canute, Brentford became the scene 
of a bloody battle and an atrocious murder, the circum- 
stances of which are, however, variously related by our 
early historians. After the death of E their ed, in the 
year 1016, the citizens of London and all the Thanes there 
present, proclaimed his son Edmund, King of England, he 
having already given signal proofs of his courage and good 
conduct. But the Danes and all the counties declared for 
Canute. As the City of London was a great support to 
Edmund, the Danish king endeavoured to take it from 
him, believing that by depriving him of his chief strength, 
a speedy end would be put to the war. Whilst Edmund 
was gone to secure Wessex, Canute advanced towards 
London, and immediately forming the siege carried it on 
vigorously ; but the brave resistance of the citizens giving 
Edmund time to throw in succours from the Surry side of 
the Thames, the Danish king was obliged to raise the siege. 
Having thus been frustrated in his designs upon London, 
he used many stratagems to surprise the English, or to draw 
them away from the city; and having succeeded in this 
last device, he commenced the siege a second time ; but, 
meeting with the same resistance as before, the inhabitants, 
by a glorious defence, again gave Edmund time to come to 



1£ HISTORY OF BltENTFORD. 

their relief. A battle soon after took place, when the 
English under Edmund Ironside defeated the Danes with 
great slaughter, and pursued them to Brentford,* where in 
the heat of the action great numbers of the English were 
drowned in the River Thames, in or near the spot where 
Kew Bridge now stands. f Here soon afterwards the same 
king with his army passed over the Thames at low water 
in pursuit of the Danes who were ravaging Kent.* The 
particulars of this war would be interesting, if it was 
possible to give a clear account of them, but we find 
much confusion in this portion of our English annals. 
Subsequently peace was made by the partition of the 



* The perfidious leader Edricus sought him as his natural master, and 
under the auspices of a welcome peace which came with him, swore to remain 
faithful to him. 'Tis therefore, for the third time, an army having been gathered 
together, the king saved London from a siege, and drove the Danes to their 
ships. Two days after he crossed the Thames at a place called Brentford, 
about to fight a third time, he soon joined battle with them, and having put 
them to flight, this time he remained the conqueror, while many English 
having incautiously traversed the river were drowned. After that the king 
having gathered a greater army in West Saxonia, in the mean time the Danes 
returned to London and besieged and attacked it on every side ; but God help- 
ing, they retired soon, and for ever. — Roger De Hoveden, Annal. pars prior, 
p. 435, inter Scriptores, post Bedam. 

+ Then collected he his force the third time, and went to London, all by the 
north of the Thames, and relieved the citizens, driving the enemy to their 
ships. It was within two nights after that the king went over at Brentford, 
where he fought with the enemy, and put them to flight ; but there many of the 
English were drowned) from their own carelessness, who went before the main 
army with a design to plunder. 

After this the king went into Wessex, and collected his army, but the enemy 
soon returned to London and beset the city without, and fought strongly against 
it both by water and land ; but the Almighty God delivered them. Then 
assembled King Edmund the fourth time all the English nation and forded the 
Thames at Brentford, whence he proceeded into Kent. — Chron. Saxon. Ingram, 
anno 1016. 

I Then the Danes retreated from London with their ships to Arnan, and 
there landing from their vessels in Mercia, they burnt and killed all that came 
in their way, as Avas their custom, they took all the provisions, and they sent 
their vessels and cattle to the Medway. Then king Edmund for the fourth 
time assembled the whole English people and advanced across the Thames at 
Brentford, and from thence towards Kent, and in the interval the Danes fled, 
and he pursued them with his cavalry to Scapige, and slew all those he could 
take.— Chron. Sax. p. 149. Gibson, Oxon. 1692. 



HISTORICAL EVEN-TS. 13 

kingdom, and every thing being settled, the two kings met 
and mutally swore to maintain the peace ; which resolu- 
tion was received with joy by the nobles of Edmund's 
party, who eagerly desired to embrace any expedient to 
put an end to such a fatal war. But, lamentable to relate, 
Edmund did not long enjoy this peace, the attainment of 
which had occasioned him so much trouble and anxiety, 
for he was cruelly murdered at Brentford, by the con- 
nivance of his brother-in-law, Edric Streone.* This no- 
torious character was always the second man in the country, 
whoever might be the first, and whose base career had 
ever been marked by treachery and blood. The circum- 
stances of this sad and deplorable event, are variously 
related by the early annalists, though all agree that 
Edmund the Atheling, (which signifies in the Saxon 
language, illustrious, or of royal blood), Edmund Iron- 
side, as he was called by the English, was murdered, yet 
if we may place confidence in the narrative of an ancient 
annalist, Canute must be exonerated from all participation 
in this horrid deed, the perpetration of which, was even 
punished with death by his command. It seems most 
probable, that Edric Streone instigated his own son to 
commit the murder, and he hastened to bring the first 
news of it from Brentford to the king, who at the time 
concealed his sentiments, because he thought he might 
have future occasion for the traitor, and he even promised 



* King Edmund some days after this was killed treacherously at Brentford, 
thus he fell while he flourished in his kingdom, feared and dreaded by his 
enemies. In the night he went in some house to perform the natural evacu- 
ations, where the son of Edric the leader, hid in a secret cave by the advice of 
his father, stabbed the king twice in the belly, and taking flight, left the knife 
in the viscera. Then Edric came to king Canute and saluted him, saying, 
" Hail to thee, sole king," and made the circumstance known to him. The king 
answered, " I am so much beholden to thee for this service, I will place 
thee higher than any of the English nobility." Therefore he caused him to 
be beheaded, and his head to be placed on the highest tower in London. Thus 
Edmund, was a mighty king, who had reigned one year, and is buried near his 
grandsire Edgar, at Glastonbury. — Hen. Be Huntingdon, inter Scriptores, post 
Bedam, p. 365. 



14 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

to exalt him above all the other peers of the realm. 
Some time after, at the feast of Christmas, Edric had the 
insolence to upbraid Canute publicly, for not rewarding him 
for his past services, but he had no sooner spoken, than the 
king answered him in a rage, saying, that since he was so 
audacious as openly to avow so black a treason, he should 
receive his due punishment, and he immediately ordered 
him to be executed, and his head to be fixed upon the 
highest Tower of London-wall. He was accordingly 
drawn by the heels from Barnard Castle, through the 
City, to Houndsditch, after he had been put to death. 
William of Malmsbury, and Matthew of Westminster, 
affirm that he was beheaded in the king's palace. Bromp- 
ton says, that his head was fixed on the highest gate in 
London. Henry of Huntingdon, says on the highest 
tower of London. 

Order of the Garter Chapter. — Henry VI., held 
a chapter of the Order of the Garter at the Lion-inn, 
in Brentford, when Sir Alvaro Vasquez d'Almanda,* a 
Portuguese knight, (whom for " his great zeal and good 
love," the King created Earl of Avranches in Normandy, 
with a pension of one hundred marks a year, and to whom 
he presented a gold cup, containing one hundred marks), 
and Sir Thomas afterwards made Lord Hoo, and Hastings, 
appear to have been elected, and they, as well as Sir 
John Beauchamp, were installed on the 16th of August fol- 
lowing, f 

Burning of Six Protestants in the Year 1558. 

When persecuting zeal made royal sport, 
With tortured innocence in Mary's court, 
And Bonner, blithe as shepherd at a wake, 
Enjoy'd the show, and danc'd about the stake. 

Cowper's Expostulation. 

* The letters patent creating him Earl of Avranches, 4th August, 23 Hen. 
IV. 1445, contain a strong eulogy on his merits, and state that he bad been 
unanimously elected a Knight of the Garter. 

+ Sir Harris Nicolas's History of the British orders of Knighthood (Garter,) 
p. 70. 



HISTORICAL EVENTS. 15 

In this year the inhabitants of Brentford were destined 
to witness one of these dreadful spectacles. It does not 
appear, however, why this place was chosen for this pur- 
pose, but it was probably selected with a view of striking 
a terror into the inhabitants, for neither of those unfor- 
tunate persons who suffered the punishment of death, 
were in any way connected with the neighbourhood. 

The persecution of the Protestants was carried on with 
unabated vigour, during the whole of the reign of Queen 
Mary, and thus popery was rendered an object of horror, 
and hatred to the nation. Persons whom neither books 
nor sermons would have reached, were converted to the 
Protestant faith, by the constancy of the martyrs, which 
indeed provoked the persecutors to farther cruelty. What 
they could not effect by the fear of death, they hoped to 
accomplish by torments in prison. Their victims were 
fastened by the feet, hands, and neck, in the most painful 
postures, they were scourged and beaten, tortured with 
iire and deprived of food. Meanwhile the continued 
executions caused a universal consternation. The bigots 
only triumphed; the rest who had any humanity, could 
not without great concern, behold men exposed to such 
inhuman sufferings who were accused of no crimes, but 
solely for their religion. It could not but be observed, 
how differently the Protestants behaved from the Roman 
Catholics. In Edward's reign very few had suffered im- 
prisonment for their religious opinions, but in Mary's time 
no punishment was thought too cruel for those who dared 
to persevere in their opinions. The only measure that 
was wanting to complete the spiritual bondage of the 
nation, was the establishment of one of those infamous 
tribunals which were at that time in full operation in 
Spain, and this, in all likelihood, would have been done if 
Mary's life had unhappily been prolonged. The spirit of 
its laws had already been introduced, but the feelings of 
the country were opposed to this atrocious system. 

During the four years that this persecution continued, 
it appears by authentic records, that two hundred and 
eighty-eight persons were burnt alive, and the number of 



16 HISTORY OF BREWTFORD. 

those who perished in prison is unknown. It is clearly 
ascertained that there were burnt five bishops, twenty-one 
divines, eight gentlemen, eighty-four artificers, one hun- 
dred husbandmen, servants and labourers, forty women, 
two boys, and two infants. In the midst of these dreadful 
scenes the Queen's health declined, and her death was 
daily looked for, and when that event happened she 
was not regretted nor lamented, nor was there even the 
semblance of sorrow for her loss. She died in the morning, 
in the afternoon the bells of all the churches in London 
were rung for the accession of Elizabeth, and at night 
bon-fires were made, and tables set out in the streets at 
which the citizens caroused.* 

Here follows an authentic narrative of the martyrdom 
of six, who suffered at Brainford, for the true testimony 
of Jesus Christ. — u Not long after the death of seven godly 
martyrs that suffered in Smithfield, were six other faithful 
witnesses of the Lord's true Testament, martyred at 
Brainford, the 14th day of July, 1558, which said six 
were of that company that were apprehended in a close, 
and by Islington, and sent to prison. Whose names 
hereafter follow : — Robert Miles, Stephen Cotton, Robert 
Dynes, Stephen Wright, John Stade, William Pikes. 
The six fore-named martyrs, (gentle reader) had their 
articles ministered to them by Thomas Darbyshire, Boner's 
Chancellor, at sundry times, when though they were 
severally examined, yet had they all one manner of articles 
ministered to them. 

On the 21st, 22nd, and 2ord days of June, these good 
men were produced before Boner's Chancellor, and had 
the aforesaid articles ministered unto them, and they had 
made answer unto the same — in the end the Chancellor 
commanded them to appear before him again, the 11th 
day of July, after in the said place at Paul's. When they 
came, he required of them, whether they would turn from 
their opinions to the mother holy church, and if not, that 

* Collier's Eccl. Hist. 11, 397 ; Burnet, 11, p. 364. Strype, 111, 473 ; Speed, 
p. 286 , Heylin, p. 286 ; Fuller, viii. p. 23 ; Rapin, i. p. 42 ; Soutliey, p. 380 ; 
Hume, Anno. 1555, Vol. II. The Spectator, No. 459. 



BATTLE OF BRENTFORD. IT 

then, whether there were any cause to the contrary, but 
that he might proceed with the sentence of condemnation. 
Whereunto they all announced, that they would not go 
from the truth, nor relent from the same, while they lived. 
Then he charged them to appear before him again the 
next day, to hear the definitive sentence read against them, 
according to the ecclesiastical laws then in force. At 
which time, he sitting in judgment, talking with these 
godly and virtuous men, at last came unto the same place. 
Sir Edward Hastings, and Sir Thomas Cornwall, knights, 
two of Queen Mary's officers of her house, and being 
there, they sat down, over against the Chancellor, in whose 
presence the said Chancellor condemned these good poor 
lambs, and delivered them over to the secular power, who 
received and carried them to prison immediately, and 
there kept them in safety, till the day of their death. 

In the mean time, the naughty Chancellor slept not, I 
warrant you, but that day in which they were condemned, 
he made certificate into the Lord Chancellor's offices, from 
whence the next day after was sent a writ to burn them at 
Brainford aforesaid, which accordingly was accomplished 
in the same place, the said 14th day of July. Where- 
unto they being brought, made their humble prayers unto 
the Lord Jesus, undressed themselves, went joyfully to 
the stake, whereunto they were bound, and the fire flaming 
about them, they yielded their souls, bodies, and lives, 
into the hands of the omnipotent Lord, for whose cause 
thoy did suffer, to whose protection I recommend thee, 
gentle reader. Amen.* 

Battle of Brentford. — Historians differ as to the 
particular day when the King set up his standard at 
Nottingham. Dugdale says that the King erected it on 
Friday, August 12th. Clarendon says, that it took place 
on Thursday, August 25th. But it is of little conse- 
quence on what particular day that fatal signal was set 

* Burleigh Papers, vol. ii. p. 747 ; Fox's Martyrs, edit. 1684, vol. iii. 
p. 734, 738. 

e 



18 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

up, a signal which involved Britain in the names of a civil 
war, during which period our nobles indulged an animosity 
fatal to their country, when the rights of the Church were 
injuriously trampled upon, and when the untimely deaths 
of the most virtuous citizens were daily witnessed ; and, 
moreover, the execrable murder of the Sovereign. 

For whatever might be the mistakes committed by the 
martyr in the cabinet, or in the field, he commands our 
admiration and regret, which is likewise given, without 
reserve, to the gallantry, and disinterestedness of his fol- 
lowers, while even of the regisides we think as of men, 
ambitious, it may be cruel, turbulent, and unjust, but bold 
in their conceptions, and high-minded in their very guilt. 
We may, therefore, shudder as we peruse the tale of wars 
raged, and murders committed under the pretext of zeal 
for religion, or to promote the cause of civil liberty. 

During this unhappy contest, Brentford was not so 
favoured as to escape the visitation of the sword, although 
the inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood, do not 
appear to have entered with zeal into the views of either 
party; yet it was their calamity to feel bitterly the rod 
of war, without having toiled for the harvest of its thorns. 

The contending armies traversed the county of Middle- 
sex, and the high road from London to Brentford, from 
one extremity to the other, from East to West. 

In the year 164£, in the beginning of November, while 
messages were ineffectually passing between the King and 
Parliament, the King marched with his whole army co 
Colebrook, and on the 11th of the month advanced to 
Brentford ; the fact is thus related by Lord Clarendon. 

" So the King marched with his whole army towards 
Brentford, where were two regiments of their best foot, for 
so they were accounted, being those who had eminently 
behaved themselves at Edge-Hill, having barricadoed the 
narrow avenues of the town, and cast up some little breast- 
works at the most convenient places. Here a Welsh 
regiment of the King's, which had been faulty at Edge- 
Hill, recovered its honour, and assaulted the works, and 
forced the barricadoes, well defended by the enemy. Then 



BATTLE OF BKENTFORD. 19 

the King's forces entered the town, after a very warm 
service ; the chief officers, and many soldiers of the other 
side, being killed ; and they took there above five hun- 
dred prisoners, eleven colours, and fifteen pieces of cannon, 
and good store of ammunition. But this victory, for 
considering the place, it might well be called so, proved not 
at all fortunate to his Majesty-"* 

Among the King's collection of pamphlets in the British 
Museum, is one entitled, " A true relation of the battail 
at Branford, the 12th of November, London, 1642. 

The account of the Battle of Brentford is as follows : — 

Prince Rupert taking advantage of a thick mist, brought 
up his force at Brentford, where he was most valiantly 
opposed by my Lord Robert's regiment on the bridge, 
who beat them off, and with great resolution maintained 
the bridge, till they had spent all their powder and shot, 
at which time, it pleased God, that Colonel Hamden and 
Colonel Hollis's regiment came in, who very manfully set 
upon them and slew many of them, with the loss of a very 
few on our side. — At Brentford, Nov. 12, 1642. 

The circumstances of this action have been variously 
represented by the journalists and historians of the two 
parties. The following account which differs in many 
particulars from any other I have seen, seems entitled to a 
considerable degree of credit. It is taken from a manu- 
script letter, dated November 15th, written as it appears, 
by an officer who was in the engagement, merely for the 
information of a relation, and, therefore, not likely to con- 
tain any wilful misrepresentations. 

" On Saturday, very early* (says the writer,) we marched 

* Here the Welsh under Sir Charles Salisbury their leader, made true the 
Greek proverb : — Ocpevyiov irakiv fiaxtjatrai. He that flieth will fight again. 

For those that fly may fight again, 
Which he can never do that's slain. 

Hudibeass, p. Ill, c. 111. 1 243. 

Those who showed swift heels, at Edge-Hill battle, used as stout arms as 
any in this fight. For formerly they were little better than naked, whereas 
since they had recovered armour, to fence their bodies and resolutions to arm 
their minds. — Fuller's Middx. p. 169. 

c2 



20 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

from Ashford, and at Hounslow Heath all the king's foote 
met, expecting a battaile, but none offered : on still we went 
to Hounslow towne, thence to Brainforde, where unexpect- 
edly we were encountered by two or three regiments of 
their's, who had made some small barricadoes at the end 
of the first towne, called New Brainford. The van of our 
army being about 1000 musketeers, answered their shots soe 
bitterly, that within an hour or less, they forsooke their 
worke in that place, and fled up to another which they had 
reaised betwixt the two townes, from whence, and a brick 
house by, with two small ordinance, they gave us a hot 
and long shower of bullets. My colonel's (Sir Edward 
Fritton's) regiment was the sixth that was brought to 
assault, after five others had all discharged, whose happy 
honour it was (assisted by God, and a new piece of cannon 
newly come up) to drive them from that worke too, where 
it was an heart breaking object to hear and see the miser- 
able deaths of many goodly men ; we slew a lieutenant- 
colonel, two sargeant-majors, some captains, and other 
officers and soldiers there, about thirty or forty of them, 
and took four hundred prisoners. But, what was most 
pitiful was, to see how many poore men ended and lost 
their lives, striving to save them ; for they run into the 
Thames, and about two hundred of them, as we might 
judge were there drowned by themselves, and so were 
guilty of their own deaths ; for had they stayed, and yielded 
up themselves, the King's mercy, is so gracious, that he 
had spared them all. We took there six or eight colours, 
alsoe their twoe pieces of ordonance, and all this AVith a 
very small losse, God be praised ; for believe me, I cannot 
understand that we lost sixteen men ;* whereof one was a 
son of Mr. Daniel, of Tabbley ; Mr. Thomas Daniel, a fine 
young gentlemen, who was a lieutenant under my Lord 
Kivers, he and his captain were both slain, and a lieutenant 

* Captain Preston and another Captaine, Richard Storie, Leftenant, and 
Leftenant Daniel, John Whitaker, Richard Allderdon, and divers others which 
were slaine, one of the King's party. — October. 

Thomas Wade, a soldier from Sharp's the 10th, Leftenant Coust, Richard 
Mills and others, one the Parlement side. — December, Parish Register Burials 
1642. 



BATTLE OF BRENTFORD. 21 

of our regiment, but none of our countrymen. Then we 
thinking all had been clone for that night, two of our 
regiments passed up through the old towne to make good 
the entrance, but they were again encountered by a fresh 
onset, which scattered like the rest after a short conflict, 
fled away towards Hammersmith, and we were left master of 
the townes. That night most lay in the cold fields. Next 
morning we were startled a fresh by the fresh music of some 
canon, which proved to be but some fourteen barges of 
theirs, who with thirteen ordinance, and six hundred men, 
attempted very indiscreetly to pass down the river from 
Kingston-on-Thames, by the town where we lay for Lon- 
don; but, being discovered, what from the bancke and 
from Sion howse, (the Earl of Northumberland's,) where 
we had placed some four musketeers within two or three 
howers space, we sunk four or five of their vessels, with the 
canons in them, took the rest and eight pieces in them, 
for our breakfast ; after which, within two hours we could 
descry a great army making down upon us from London, 
who marching, came up within musket shot of us ; but 
the King finding his men wearie, and being satisfied with 
what he had done before for that tyme, and havinge no 
convenient place for his horse which is the greatest pillar of 
his army to fight, very wisely drew off his men by degrees, 
and unperceived by them, left the towne naked, some of 
his horse dragoons keeping them deceived till the foot 
were all gone, and then they gallopped in the rear after, 
which the enemy perceiving, played on their back with 
their canon, but with no harm or success at all-, God be 
praised; soe that night we inarched back toward Hampton 
Court, next day into Kingston, a great towne which they 
had manned the day before with six thousand men in it, 
but left it upon our fight at Brainford ; soe here we are 
now very safe, our foot and our horse round about us." 

After the battle great outrages were committed in the 
town, in consequence of which the inhabitants presented 
the following petition to the Commons, and the House 
taking the matter into consideration, sent an order to the 
ministers of Middlesex, that they should upon the fast day 



«S«S HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

then appointed, read in their churches a relation of their 
sufferings, and excite the people to compassion ; the con- 
tributions in some places were very liberal ; at Stepney, 
the sum of thirty pounds was collected. 

But the accounts given of the cruelties perpetrated by 
the contending factions during this dreadful contest, should 
be received with great caution. They were written at a time 
of violent national agitation, when a spirit of anti-chiistian 
animosity was widely diffused over the whole country. 

The humble petition of all the inhabitants of the town 
of Old Brainford. To the honourable the Commons assem- 
bled in Parliament, for some speedy course for relief of 
such great damage and loss as they received by His 
Majesty's forces of the twelfth and thirteenth of this pre- 
sent November. 

Together with an order for the minister, of Middlesex, 
and partly of London, to read in their parish Churches 
on the next fast-day, the relation of the sufferings of the 
inhabitants of Old Brainford, lately printed for Edmund 
Husbands and John Frank, to excite the people to a com- 
passionate consideration of them. 

" London, Nov. 27, 1642. 

" To the honourable assembly of the Commons House of 
Parliament. The humble petition of all and every the 
inhabitants of Old Brainford, in the County of Middlesex. 

" Sheweth : — That it is too manifest to the world, how 
that your petitioners on the twelve and thirteen days of this 
present month, were plundered and bereaved of their 
several and particular personal estates, as money, plate, 
household stuff of all sorts, and other necessaries, of what 
condition soever, by his Majesty's forces, this happening 
among them, then your petitioners are able to express. 
The consideration of whose loss amounting to near four 
thousand pounds, as particulars may appear, together with 
the miserable and sad condition they are brought unto, 
your petitioners humbly leave to the consideration and 
wisdom of this honourable assembly. Humbly craving 
some speedy course may be thought of, for the relief of 
your petitioners jn this their distress, by such ways and 



BATTLE OF BRENTFORD. 23 

means as in your great and grave wisdoms shall be thought 
meet. 

" And they shall ever pray." 

" Die Sabbathi, 26th November, 1642. — It is this day 
ordered, by the Commons assembled in Parliament, that 
the Ministers of Middlesex, and partly of London, do the 
next fast-day read in their several parish churches, the 
relations of the sufferings of the inhabitants of Old Brent- 
ford, on the twelfth "and thirteenth of this month, by his 
Majesties forces ; and that they do excite the people to a 
compassionate consideration of them, and that whatsover 
shall be collected upon the next fast-day within the parishes 
aforesaid, may be employed for the relief of the inhabitants 
of Old Brainford aforesaid, and of such of New Brainford 
as have been plundered and ruined by the forces aforesaid. 

" Ordered by the Commons in Parliament, that this peti- 
tion and order be fortwith printed and published." 

" A true and perfect relation of the barbarous cruel pas- 
sages of the king's army at Old Braintford, near London, 
being presented to the House of Commons, by a Com- 
mittee of the same House, who was sent thither on purpose 
to examine the truth of the particular actions of the said 
army."* 

" The king's army upon Saturday the 12th of November 
instant, (after his Majesty's assent to the Treaty of Accom- 
modation,) surprised Colonel Holies, his regiment, at Old 
Brainford, and after they had possessed themselves of the 
town, they plundered it, without any respect of persons, 
except the house of one Brent, a Church papist (whose 
wife was a known popish recusant, and he suspected to 
give intelligence to the king's army). First they drank 
and wasted the beer and wine in the several inns, and 
other places in the town, and such beer and wine as they 
could not drink, they let it down out, in some cellars as 
deep as to the middle. They also took from the inhabit- 
ants their money, linen, woollen, bedding, wearing apparel, 
horses, cows, wine, hens, &c. and all manner of victuals ; 
also, pewter, brass, iron pots, and kettles, and all manner 

* Printed for E. Husbands and J. Frank, Nov. 25, 1642. 



24 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

of grocery, chandlery, and apothecary ware ; nay, such 
was their barbarous carriage, that many of the feather 
beds which they could not bear away, they did cut the 
ticks of them in pieces, and scattered the feathers abroad 
in the fields and streets ; they did also cut the cords of the 
beds, and broke down the bedsteads ; they did cut to 
pieces and burn the poor fishermens' boats and nets by which 
they got their living, having pillaged them besides of all 
that ever they had ; they did cast beef into the dirt, which 
they carried not away with them ; they littered their horses 
with wheat sheaves ; they spoiled nurseries of fruit trees 
of good value, and near upon three bushels of apples from 
one man they took away, spoiled and trampled to dirt 
with their horses feet, besides fifteen pair of sheets, his 
bedding, &c. They also took candles to the value of twenty 
pounds and upwards from one man, and burnt them all 
night through the army, and such as they carried not 
away, either they broke in pieces, or threw into the fire, 
or trod in the mire. Had they rested with robbing of the 
richer sort, it had been some degree of mercy, but they 
left not unplundered, the blind beggar at Old Brainford, 
taking from him and his wife, their apparel, linen, woollen, 
and bedding ; and the like they did to the poor almswomen 
in the Spittle there, and took from them their wheel or 
rocks, by which they got something towards a livelihood ; 
and when they had thus plundered and taken away all 
the goods, except here and there a bed, they defaced some 
houses, and set one of fire on purpose, as is conceived, to 
fire the town, which was afterwards quenched by an inha- 
bitant. Had their wicked carriages here ended in the loss 
of the inhabitants' goods, without hazard of their persons, 
they had undergone it with more patience ; but such was 
their inhuman behaviour, that they did set drawn swords 
and pistols cocked to men's and women's breasts, threat- 
ening them with death, if they brought not out all their 
money, and threatening others to cut off their noses, and 
pull out their eyes, calling them Parliament dogs, round 
headed rogues, beating and wounding some of them, (one 
of them being a lame cripple,) taking others of the 



BATTLE OF BRENTFORD. £5 

inhabitants prisoners, and putting irons upon them, others 
they tied with ropes, and stripped some to their shirts ; 
and as one of them was led next day in irons towards 
Oatlands, stooped to take a little water in his hat to drink, 
they beat him, and bruised him for offering to do it, their 
hearts were so scared, that they would not extend com- 
passion to the aged and grey headed ; for they took one 
grave old gentleman, above four-score years of age, and 
put him with other of the inhabitants of the town, into the 
pound, where they were divers hours, and afterwards were 
removed into the slaughter-house, where they lay all 
night, it being a most nasty and noisome place ; and the 
old gentleman being bound head and foot together all 
night. They also plundered an ancient gentlewoman of 
about three score and ten years of age, whose age and 
weakness would not permit her to go to Church for these 
seven years last past, they took from her all her bedding, 
linnen, pewter, &c, and even her mantle from her back, 
leaving her in a poor and miserable condition. Their 
plundering was so universal, that even divers of the richer 
as well as the mean sort were, and to this day are, inforced 
to live of the charity of the Earl of Essex and his soldiers, 
the Cavaliers leaving scarce a piece of bread or meat in all 
the town. It would pierce a heart of flint to see the tears 
dropping from the old men's eyes, in expressing their sad 
condition ; and a great addition to these cruelties, was the 
barbarous, merciless, and unheard of usage of the Par- 
lament soldiers by the Cavaliers ;* for they did put them 
into a pound and there tied and pinioned them together, 



* The application of Round-heads and Cavaliers, by which the Parliamen- 
tarians and Royalists, were afterwards respectively stigmatized in the minds 
of their opponents, originated from the custom of the London Apprentices, 
having their hair cut close and round to the form of the skull ; and during 
their daily progress to Westminster, they usually stopped at Whitehall, where 
the Queen observing out of the window Samuel Barnadiston, among them, 
exclaimed, " See what a Round-head is there." This term was, perhaps, first 
publicly used by Captain David Hyde, who whilst walking near Westminster- 
hall, with other officers, during the disturbances, drew his sword, and said 
he would cut the throats of those round headed, cropped cared dogs, that 
bawled against the bishops. — Unpin Hist. ii. 403 ; Bush. Hist. Col. iv. 493. 



£6 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

where they so stood for many hours, some of them stripped 
to their shirts, others to their breeches, most without 
stockings or shoes, and in that condition removed them to 
the slaughter-house, where they lay all night, and next 
day were dragged away over Hounslow Heath towards 
Oatlands, divers of them bare foot and bare leg, over furs 
and thistles, till their feet and legs did bleed, and were 
sorely gauled. But these may be accounted acts of grace 
and favour in comparison of what they did to others of 
them ; for when divers of Master Holies, his soldiers fled 
into the river Thames for safe guard of their lives, they 
shot at them as they were swimming, and divers of them 
were drowned. 

"They took after the fight ended, five of the Earl of 
Essex his soldiers, and tied them by the hands with ropes, 
inforced them into the River Thames, who standing in the 
water to their necks, casting their eyes on their enemies, 
in hopes of mercy ; but, such was the merciless condition 
of their adversaries, that a trooper rid in the water after 
them, and forced them to fall into the depth of the water, 
saying to them in a jeering manner, swim for your lives, 
when it was past all possibility to escape. Had their bar- 
barous carriages begun and ended in the heat of blood and 
revenge, it had a little qualified their offence ; but, so full 
of inhumanity were their hearts, even before the fight 
begun at Old Brainford, with Colonel Hollis, his regiment, 
that they placed ten of the Earl of Essex his soldiers, whom 
they had formerly taken prisoners at Kingston pinioned, 
in the front of their men to be as a breastwork to receive 
the bullets that came from Colonel Hollis his regiment, 
that the Cavaliers might escape them ; but, such was the 
providence of God, that not one of them was hurt, though 
shot in the clothes in many places, and one of the ten 
escaped, who was formerly a sergiant to a company in 
Colonel Essex his regiment, and in the presence of divers 
witnesses averred the truth of this particular. And now 
since it appears by this prodigious acts of rapine, devasta- 
tion, and tyranny, that these men delight in cruelty, and 
fight against their own associates, and spoil those that favour 



BATTLE OF BRENTFORD. 27 

their own cause with those that oppose it, what remains, 
but that they be taken not for such as endeavour the 
defence of the king, but the ruin of the kingdom, and not 
as enemies of some kind of men, but as the common ene- 
mies of mankind; and, therefore, mankind should join 
together against them, as it was said of Ishmael, ( his 
sword shall be against every man, and every man's sword 
against him." 

" 24th November, 1642. Ordered by the Commons 
assembled in Parliament, that this relation, concerning the 
passages of the king's army, at Old Braintford, be forth- 
with printed and published.*" 

" His Majesties Declaration to all his loving subjects, shelv- 
ing his true intention in advancing lately to Brainford : — 

" Though our reputation be most deare to us, and especi- 
ally in those cases wherein the truth of our most solemne 
professions (and by consequence of our Christianity) is 
questioned, yet it is not onely for the vindication of that, 
and to cleare ourselfe from such aspersion, but withall to 
preserve our subjects in their just esteeme of, and duty to 
us, and from being engaged into crimes and dangers by 
those malicious reports so spitefully framed, and cunningly 
spread against us concerning our late advancing to Brain- 
ford, that we have resolved to publish this our following 
declaration : 

" At Colebrooke on Friday the 11th of November, (1642) 
Ave received a petition from both our Houses of Parliament, 
by the Earle of Northumberland, the Earle of Pembroke 
and Montgomery, the Lord Wenman, Master Perpoint, 
and Sir John Hippisly : And indeed we were well pleased 
to see it so much liker to a petition, than the other papers 
we had often of late received under that name, and re- 
turned to it the next day, so gracious an answer, that wee 
assure ourselves could not but be very satisfactory to all 
that were truly lovers of peace. The copies of both doe 
here follow : 

* Hen. Elsvnge, Gler. Pari. Dom, Com, 



28 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



" To the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 

" The humble Petition of the Lords and Commons now 

assembled in Parliament. 

" We your Majesties most loyall subjects, the Lords 
and Commons in Parliament assembled, being affected 
with a deep and piercing sense of the miseries of this 
kingdom, and of the dangers to your Majesties Person as 
the present affaires now stand, and much quickened therein 
with the sad consideration of the great effusion of bloud 
at the late battell, and of the losse of so many auncient 
persons, and further, weighing the addition of losse, misery 
and danger to your Majesty and your kingdome which 
must ensue, if both armies should againe joine in another 
battell, as without God's especiall blessing, and your 
Majesties concurrence with your House of Parliament, 
will not probably bee avoided. 

" Wee cannot but believe, that a suitable impression 
of tendernesse and compassion is wrought in your Majesties 
royall heart, being yourselfe an eye witnesse of the bloudy 
and sorrowful destruction of so many of your subjects; 
and that your Majesty doth apprehend what diminution of 
your owne power and greatnesse will follow, and that all 
your kingdomes will thereby be so weakned, as to become 
subject to the attempts of any ill affected to this state. 
In all which respects we assure ourselves, that your 
Majesty will be inclined graciously to accept this our 
humble Petition, that the misery and desolation of this 
kingdome may be speedily removed and prevented. For 
the effecting whereof, we most humbly beseech your 
Majesty to appoint some convenient place, not farre from 
the City of London, where your Majesty will be pleased 
to reside, untill Committees of both Houses of Parliament 
may attend your Majesty with some propositions for the 
removall of these bloudy distempers and distractions, and 
setling the state of the kingdom, in such a manner, as may 
conduce to the preservation of God's true religion ; your 
Majesties honour, safety, and prosperity ; and to the peace, 
comfort, and security of all your people." 



HISTORICAL EVENTS. 29 

" His Majesties answer to the aforesaid Petition" 
" We take God to witnesse how deeply we are affected 
with the miseries of this kingdom, which heretofore we have 
stroven, as much as in us lay to prevent ; it being suffi- 
ciently known to all the world, that as we were not the 
first that took up arms, so we have shewed our readinesse 
of composing all things in a fair way by our severall offers 
of treaty, and shall be glad now at length to find any such 
inclinations in others : the same tendernesse to avoid the 
destruction of our subjects (whom we know to be our 
greatest strength) which would always make our greatest 
victories bitter to us, shall make us willingly hearken to 
such propositions whereby these bloudy distempers may be 
stopped, and the great distractions of this kingdom setled, 
to God's glory, our honour, and the welfare and flourish- 
ing of our people ; and to that end shall reside at our own 
castle at Windsore (if the forces there shall be removed) 
till Committees may have time to attend us with the same 
(which, to prevent the inconveniencies that shall intervene, 
wee wish bee hastened) and shall be ready there (or if that 
bee refused us) at any place where we shall be, to receive 
such propositions as aforesaid, from both our Houses of 
Parliament. Doe you your duty ; we will not be wanting 
to ours ; God of his mercy give a blessing." 

" But the same night after the messengers were gone, 
certain information was brought unto us, that same day the 
Earle of Essex had drawne his forces with great store of 
ordinance out of London towards us, upon which a councell 
of warre being present, and wee having there .considered, 
upon debate, our present condition, that being already 
almost surrounded by his forces, some at Windsore, some 
at Kingstone, and some at Acton, if wee suffered the 
remainder to possesse Brainford, we should be totally 
hemmed in, and our army deprived of all convenience of 
either moving or subsisting. Yet how necessary soever it 
appeared, we could not obtaine our owne consent to advance 
towards Brainford, and either possesse it, or dispossesse 
them, till wee had satisfied ourselves that it was as lawfull 
as necessary, and fully weighed all, that not onely reason, 



30 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



but malice itself (which wee knew to bee very watchfull 
upon our actions) could object against it. Wee considered 
first that it could not reasonably be esteemed an aversion 
from peace, and an intention to interrupt the treaty then in 
expectation; since on the other side wee had cause to 
beleeve by the former rejection of our offers of treaty, when 
we were supposed to be in no condition of strength, that if 
we would not thus preserve our selves from being so en- 
compassed as to come into their powers, the very possibility 
of a treaty would immediately vanish. Wee considered 
next, that much lesse could it be interpreted any breach of 
faith, since willingnesse to receive propositions of treaty 
was never held to amount to a suspension of arms ; since 
otherwise we must (because mention of a treaty had been 
once made) by the same logick have been bound not to 
hinder them to encompasse us on all parts to Colebrook 
towns end ; since no word to that purpose (of any suspen- 
sion) was in our answer ; nay, since in that (by wishing 
their propositions might be hastned, to prevent the incon- 
veniences which would intervene) we imply ed, that by this 
arms were not suspended; and since their own votes of 
proceeding vigorously, notwithstanding the petition, and 
their own actions, in sending after their messengers great 
store of forces with ordnance so neare to us (having before 
girt us in on all other parts, and sent men and ordnance to 
Kingstone after the safe conduct asked of us) implyed 
the same. 

" Being resolved upon these reasons, that this advancing 
was necessary and just, wee were not yet satisfied till wee 
had endeavoured the same day (though the interruptions 
of shooting stopt up the way till the next) to satisfie our 
Parliament and people of the same, and that peace was 
still our desire, we to that end directed a message by John 
White Esquire, which was so received, that his danger of 
being put to death for bringing it, and the imprisonment 
of him and the trumpeter that went with him in the gate- 
house, shewed that the very law of nations was by some no 
more considered then all other lawes had been before. A 
copy of which message hereafter followes, to shew how 



HISTORICAL EVENTS. 31 

little temptation the matter of that gave them for such 



" His Majesty's Message of the 12t7i of November. 

" Whereas last night, being the eleventh of November, 
after the departure of the Committee of both our Houses, 
with our gracious answer to their petition, wee received 
certain information, (having till then heard nothing of it, 
either from the Houses, Committee or otherwise,) that the 
Lord of Essex had drawn his forces out of London towards 
us, which hath necessitated our sudden resolution to march 
with our forces to Brainford ; we have thought hereby 
fit to signiiie to both our Houses of Parliament, that wee 
are no lesse desirous of the peace of the kingdome, then 
wee exprest in our aforesaid answer, the proposition for 
which wee shall willingly receive where ever wee are, and 
desire (if it may be) to receive them at Brainford this 
night, or early to morrow morning ; that all possible speed 
may be made in so good a worke, and all inconveniences, 
otherwise likely to intervene, may be avoided. 

" And to justify yet further, that our intention was no 
other then was here profest ; as soon as wee were informed 
that the Earle of Essex his forces were departed from 
Kingstone, before any appearance or notice of further 
forces from London, (our end of not being inclosed being 
obtained) wee gave orders to quit Brainford, and to march 
away, and possesse that place. 

" Wee cannot but make one argument more of the truth 
of our profession, that this was all our end, and that wee 
had not the least thought, by so advancing, to surprise and 
sack London, (which the malignant party would infuse 
into that our city) and that is, that probably God Almighty 
would not have given such a blessing to our journey, as 
to have assisted us so by land and water, as with lesse then 
a third part of our foot, and with the losse but of ten 
men, to beat two of their best regiments out of both Brain- 
fords, for all the great advantage of the works in them, to 
kill him who commanded in chief, and kill and drown 
many others, to take five hundred prisoners, more arms, 



32 



HI STORY OF BRENTFORD. 



eleven colours, and good store of ammunition, fifteen pieces 
of ordnance, (whereof wee sunk most that wee brought not 
away) and then unfought with, and unoffered at, nearer 
then by ordinance, to march away, notwithstanding the 
great disadvantage of our forces by the difficulties of the 
passages, if hee, who is the searcher of all hearts, and truth 
it selfe, had not known the truth of our professions, and 
the innocency of our heart, and how farre wee were from 
deserving those horrid accusations of falshood, and treachery 
cast so point blank upon our own person, and that it would 
amaze any man to see them suffered to be printed in our 
City of London, if any thing of that kind could bee a 
wonder, after so many of the same, and how really they 
desire accommodation, who upon this have voted they will 
have none. 

" These our reasons for this action, this our satisfaction 
sent for it, and this blessing of God upon it, will (wee 
doubt not) cleer us to all indifferent persons both of the 
Jesuitecall counsells and the personall treachery, to which 
some have presumed so impudently to impute it ; and God 
so blesse our future actions, as wee have delivered the 
truth of this." 

<l The answer of both Houses of Parliament to his Majesties 
Message of the 12th of November. 
" To your Majesties Message of the twelfth of this month 
of November, wee the Lords and Commons in Parliament 
doe make this humble answer, that this message was not 
delivered to us till Munday the fourteenth, we thought it a 
strange introduction to peace, that your Majesty should 
send your army to beat us out of our Quarters at Brainford, 
and then appoint that place to receive our propositions, 
which, yet it plainly appears, your Majesty intended not 
to receive, till you had first tryed, whether you could break 
through the army raised for the defence of this kingdom 
and Parliament, and take the city, being unprovided and 
secure in expectation of a fair treaty made to secure the 
city. If herein your Majesty had prevailed, after you had 
destroyed the army, and mastered the city, it is easie to 



HISTORICAL EVENTS. 33 

imagine what a miserable peace we should have had, and 
whether those courses be suitable to the expressions your 
Majesty is pleased to make in your answer to our petition 
of your earnestnesse to avoid any further effusion of blood, 
let God and the world judge. 

" As for our proceedings, they have in all things been 
answerable to our professions : we gave directions to the 
Earle of Essex to draw the army under his command out 
of the city and suburbs, before we sent any message to 
your Majesty: so that part of it was inquartered at 
Brainford before the Committee returned with your 
answer. And immediately upon the receit thereof, that 
very morning order was taken that the souldiers should 
exercise no act of hostility against any of your Majesties 
people. We sent a letter by Sir Peter Killigrew to know 
your Majesties pleasure whether you intended the like 
forbearance of hostility. But the fury of your souldiers, 
thirsting after blood and spoyle, prevented the delivery of 
the letter. For coming upon Saturday in his way towards 
your Majesty as farre as Brainford hee found them in fight 
there and could passe no furthor. God who sees our 
innocence, and that we have no aims, but at his glory and 
the publickc good, will (we hope) free your Majesty from 
those destructive counsels who labour to maintain their 
own power by blood and rapine, and blcsse our endeavours 
who seek nothing, but to procure and establish the honour, 
peace and safety of your Majesty and kingdom, upon the 
sure foundation of religion and justice." 

" To the Ansioer of both Houses of Parliament to His 

Majesties Message of the 12th of November, His Majesty 

makes this reply : — 

" That his message of the twelfth, though not received 

by them till the fourteenth, was sent to them first upon 

the same day upon which it was dated, and, meeting with 

stops by the way, was again sent upon the thirteenth, and 

taken upon that day at ten in morning by the Earle of 

Essex, and though not to him directed, was by him opened: 

so the slownesse of the delivery is not so strange, as the 

D 



34 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



stop of the letter said to be sent by Sir Peter Killigrcw, 
which his Majesty hath not yet received, but concludes 
from the matter expressed to have been contained in that 
letter (to wit to know his pleasure, whether hce intended 
the forbearance of hostility) and by the command of such 
forbearance said to bee sent to the Lord of Essex his army, 
that no such forbearance was already concluded, and con- 
sequently neither had his Majesty cause to suppose that 
hee should take any of their forces unprovided and secure 
in expectation of a fair treaty, neither could any hostile 
act of his Majesties forces have been a course unsutable to 
his expressions, much lesse could an endeavour to prepos- 
sesse (for so hee hoped hee might have done) that place, 
which might have stopt the further march of those forces 
towards (which for ought appeared to him, might as well 
have been intended to Colebrook as to Brainford) and by 
that the further effusion of blood, deserve that style. 

(i His Majesty further conceives, that the printing so out 
of time of such a Declaration, as their reply to his answer 
to theirs of the sixe and twentieth of May, but the day 
before they voted the delivery of their petition, and the 
march of the Earle of Essex his forces to Brain ford so 
near to his Majesty, when the Committee at the same time 
attended him with a petition for a treaty, the Earle of 
Essex being before possest of all the other avenues to his 
army, by his forces at Windsorc, Acton, and Kingstone, 
was a more strange introduction to peace then for his 
Majesty not to suffer himself to bee coopt-up on all sides, 
because a treaty had been mentioned, which was so really 
and so much desired by his Majesty, that this proceeding 
seems to him, purposely by some intended to divert (which 
it could not do) thus his inclination. 

" That his Majesty had no intention to master the city 
by so advancing, besides his profession, which (how meanly 
soever they seem to value it) hee conceives a sufficient 
argument (especially being only opposed by suspicions and 
surmises) may appeare by his not pursuing his victory 
at Brainford, but giving orders to his army to inarch away 
to Kingstone as soon as hee heard that place was quitted, 



HISTORICAL EVENTS. 35 

before any notice or appearance of furthor forces from 
London ; nor could hee finde a better way to satisfie them 
before hand, that hee had no such intention, but that 
his desire of peace, and of propositions that might conduce 
to it, still continued, then by that message of the twelfth, 
for which care of his hee was requited by such a reception 
of his Message and messenger, as was contrary at once, 
both to duty, civility, and the very customes, and law of 
warre and nations, and such as their (though after this 
provocation) had not found from him. 

" His Majesty wonders that his souldiers should be 
charged with thirsting after blood, who took above five 
hundred prisoners in the very heat of the fight. His 
Majesty having since dismissed all the common souldiers 
and entertained such as were willing to serve him, and 
required onely from the rest, an oath not to serve against 
him. And his Majesty supposes such most apt and likely 
to maintain their power by bloud and rapine, who have 
only got it by oppression and injustice ; that this is vested 
in him by the law, and by that onely (if the destructive 
counsels of others would not hinder such a peace, in which 
that might once again be the universall rule, and in which 
religion and justice can onely flourish) he desires to main- 
taine it ; and if peace were equally desired by them, as it 
is by his Majesty, he conceives it would have beene proper 
to have sent him such a paper as should have contained 
just propositions of peace, and not an unjust accusation of 
his counsels, proceedings and person. And his Majesty 
intends to march to such a distance from his city of -London, 
as may take away all pretences for apprehension from his 
army, that might hinder them in all security from yet 
preparing them to present to him, and there, will be ready 
either to receive them, or to end the pressures and miseries, 
which his subjects to his great griefe suffer through this 
war, by a present battell."* 

On the 13th of November the day after the battle of 

* London, printed for Edward Husband, T. Warren, R. Best, and are to be 
sold at tbe Middle Temple, Gray's Inn Gate, and the White Horse in Paul's 
Church Yard, pp. 715—752. 1643. 

D 2 



36 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

Brentford, the King marched with his army to Kingston, 
where he was received with great joy, and staid there till 
the 18th * 

The King returning to Oxford after the battle, carried 
thither the prisoners taken at Brentford; within a few 
days after his return, he granted to Sir Robert Heath a 
commission of Oyer and Terminer to try some of these 
prisoners, among whom was Capt. John Lilburne, who 
was with some others condemned to die. The Parliament 
having notice of this sentence before its execution, declared 
that if any prisoner of war should be put to death at 
Oxford, or elsewhere, they would inflict the like punish- 
ment upon such prisoners as were or should be taken 
hereafter. This declaration saved the lives of the con- 
demned, the King not thinking proper to expose his 
officers to the same fate.f 

It appears by the public journals that this neighbour- 
hood was occupied by the Parliament in the following 
year " They say that the enemy caused his ordnance to be 
charged against a small pinnace employed by the Parlia- 
ment for the protection of the Thames, lying opposite to 
Sion House, and the soldiers were obliged to sink the 
pinnace, and make their escape to the long boat.*" 

Earl of Brentford. — Patrick Ruthen, Earl of Forth, 
in Scotland, a brave and pei severing General in the Royal 
Army, was created Earl of Brentford by Charles I. in the 
year 1644, as a reward for his services in the battle at this 
place, two years before. This noblemen served in Ger- 
many at an early period of life, and evinced great courage, 
and equal skill in the field, upon numerous occasions in 
the civil war between Charles and the Parliament, through- 
out the whole of which he bore an active command. 

TTe are willing to believe that in the following character 
of the Earl, from the pen of Lord Clarendon, the unfavour- 

* England's Memorable Accidents, Nov. 15 — 22, 1642. 

+ England's Mem. Accidents, Nov. 28, Dec. 5, 1612. Iiushworth, Hist. 
Coll. v. 83, 93. Clarendon, ii. 68 

♦ Perfect Diurnal. Nov. Ii, 1643. 



ELECTION OF COUNTY MEMBERS. 37 

able parts are overcharged, from some unconscious motive 
of party and personal animosity : — " The General, now 
created Earl of Brentford, had been, without doubt, a very 
good officer, and had great experience, and was still a man 
of unquestionable courage and integrity ; yet he was now 
much decayed in his parts, and, with the long continued 
custom of immoderate drinking, clouded his understanding, 
which had been never quick and vigorous, he having 
always been illiterate to the greatest degree that can be 
imagined." The title became extinct at his death in 1651, 
but was revived by King William III. in 1689, in the 
person of Frederick Marshal De Schomberg, who came 
over with that prince at the Revolution, and was shortly 
after the date of his elevation to this earldom created an 
English duke.* 

Meinherd, the son of this nobleman, resided at Little 
Hillingdon in 1719, and was the last duke of Schomberg, 
and Earl of Brentford. f 

The Election of the County Members continued to 
be held on Hampstead-Heath till the year 1700-1,+ when 
the first commencement appears of their taking place at 
Brentford. 

The following mention of the first election at Brentford, 
occurs in the daily journals of the times. 

" The Election for Middlesex comes on next Thursday, 
at Brentford. The Candidates are Mr. Lake, Mr. Smith- 
son, Sir John Wolsterholme, and Sir John Bucknell."§ 

Secretary Vernon and Mr. Cross were chosen Mem- 



* Schomberg House in Pall Mall, was built by the Duke of Schomberg for 
his town residence. After his decease it was successively occupied by Richard 
Conway, Esq. R.A.; after him by Dr. Graham, and by Mr. E. Bowyer, the 
Proprietor of the Historic Gallery. 

+ Dugdale's Baronage, vol. ii. p. 472. 

+ The Post Boy, Jan. 9, 1701. 

§ On Thursday next, Mr. Chancellor Montague designs with the Free- 
holders of Middlesex, in and about Whitehall, Westminster, &c. to call upon 
the Right Hon. Admiral Russell, who is personally to go on their head to 
Hampstead-Heath, where Sir John Wolsterholme is to meet them. Admiral 
Russell, and Sir John Wolsterholme, were chosen. — Flying Post, Nor. 9, 12, 
1695. Parke s History of Hampslcad, p. 2-39. 



38 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

bcrs for Westminster, by a great variety of votes ; after 
which, they went both to Brentford with a great company 
to choose the Knights of the Shire for Middlesex; the 

Candidates were Sir John Wolsterholme, Smithson, 

Esq.; Warwick Lake, Esq. : and C. Bucknel, Esq.* 

In the field, Sir John Wolsterholme, and W. Lake, 
Esq., seemed to have the majority; but, a poll being 
demanded, it was granted — is not finished, f 

Members chosen for Middlesex for the ensuing Par- 
liament, Warwick Lake, Esq., and Smithson, Esq. 

1701. Sir J. Wolsterholme, Bart. 

Scorie Barker, Esq. 
1708. Sir J. Wolsterholme, Baxt.J 

Scorie Barker, Esq. 
1715. Hon. James Bertie. 

Hugh Smithson, Esq. 
1722. Hon. James Bertie. 

Sir John Austin, Bart. 

Sir George Cooke, Knt. 

William Withers. 

Henry Barker. 
1727. Hon. James Bertie. 

Sir Francis Child. § 
1734. Sir Francis Child.|| 

William Pulteney. 

1740, May, vice Childe, deceased. 

Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart. 382 

Henry Barker. 147 

1741, William Pulteney. 

Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart. 

1742, July, vice Pulteney, created Earl of Bath.1T 

Sir Roger Newdicate. 
1747. Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart. 1797 

Sir William B. Proctor, Bart. 1457 



* The English Postman, Jan. 15, 1700. 

+ The Postman, Jan. 18th. 

% Died, a new Writ ordered, Feb. 8, 1709. 

§ East India Director and Alderman of London 

pied, a new Writ ordered, April 29, 17-10. 
*' A new Wril ordered, Jufr II. 17 l 



COUNTY MEMBERS. 



39 



George Cooke, Esq. 899 

Sir Roger Newdicate, Bart. 194 

1750, Feb. vice Smithson, succeeded to the Peerage 
as Earl of Northumberland.* 
George Cooke, Esq.f 1617 

Fraser Honevwood. 1201 

1754. Sir William B. Proctor, Bart. 
George Cooke.:}: 

1761. Sir William B. Proctor, Bart.* 
George Cooke.^ 

1766. Nov. vice Cooke.** 

George Cooke. 1790 

1768. Nov. vice Cooke, deceased. 

John Glynn. 1542 

Sir William B. Proctor, Bart. 1278 

1768. John Wilkes.ff 1292 
George Cooke. 827 
Sir William B. Proctor, Bart. 807 

1769, Feb. vice the last Election declared void4+ 

John Wilkes. 
1769, Feb. vice Wilkes, declared by the House 
incapable of being elected. §§ 



* Succeeded the Duke of Somerset as Earl of Northumberland, a new Writ 
ordered, Feb. 27, 1750. 

t Protlionotary of the Court of Common Pleas. 

I Chief Protlionotary of the Common Pleas. 

§ Made Knight of the Bath in 1701. 

H Made Joint Paymaster of the Land Forces, Guards, and Garrisons in 
Great Britain. 

** Died, a new Writ ordered, Nov. 11, 176G. 

++ An Alderman of the City of London, declared by the House of Commons 
incapable of being elected, a new Writ ordered, Feb. 3, 1700, he was again 
elected. 

H This election declared void, a new Writ ordered, Feb. 17, 1709, he was 
again elected. The House resolved, April 14, 1709, " that the Poll taken for 
John Wilkes, Esq. was null and void." Besolved, April 10, 1709, " That 
Henry Lawes Luttrell, Esq. ought to have been returned, and that the said 
Henry Lawes Luttrell, Esq. is duly elected. 

§§ Several of the Freeholders Petitioned the House to record their Reso- 
lution in favour of Henry Lawes Luttrell, Esq. who had only "290 Votes, whilst 
Mr. Wilkes had 1143, but the House adhered to their former Resolution, 
May 8th, 1709. 



40 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



1769, 

1774. 
1779, 
1780. 
1784. 

1790. 
1796. 
1802. 

1804, 



John Wilkes. 

March, vice the last Election declared 
void. 

John Wilkes. 

Col. H. Luttrell * 

John Glynn, f 

John Wilkes.^ 
Oct. vice Glynn, deceased. $ 

Thomas Wood. 

John Wilkes. 

George Byng.*| 

William Mainwaring. 

John Wilkes. 

George Byng. 

William Mainwaring. 

George Byng.** 

William Mainwaring. 

George Byng. 

George Byng. 

Sir Francis Burdett, Bart. 

William Mainwaring. 
April, vice the Election of Burdett declar 

G. B. Mainwaring*. J{ 

Sir Francis Burdett, Bart. 



R. 1143 
T. 296 

1812 

1818 



T. 


2118 


R. 


1858 


W. 


1792 


T. 




W. 




T. 




W. 




W. 


3848 


W. 


3207 


T. 


2936 


ed void. ff 


T. 


2828 


W. 


2823 



* Eldest son to Lord Irnham, of the kingdom of Ireland, a Lieutenant- 
Colonel of Horse. 

+ Serjeant at Law, and Recorder of the City of London. 

I Chosen an Alderman of London. First Prothonotary of the Court of 
Common Pleas. Served as Lord Mayor of London in 1775, elected Cham- 
berlain of the City of London in 1780. 

§ An Alderman of London, Lord Mayor in 1775. Died, and the Speaker 
issued his Warrant to the Clerk of the Crown for a new Writ, Oct. 10, 1779. 

IT Cousin to Lord Viscount Torrington. 

** Son of the late Member. 

+ + William Mainwaring, Esq., and some freeholders, petitioned against the 
return of Sir Francis Burdett Jones, Bart, renewed second Session, found to 
be a void election, so far as related to Sir Francis Burdett Jones, Esq. ; and 
that the petition of Mr. Mainwaring was not frivolous or vexatious, nor the 
opposition made to it, but Mr. Mainwaring having treated, contrary to the Act 
of Parliament, could not be erected during the present Parliament. A new 
Writ ordered, July 20, 1804. 

! t Found not dulv elected. 



COUNTY MEMBERS. 41 



1806. 

1807. 

1812. 
1818. 
1820. 

1826. 

1830. 
1831. 
1832. 

1835. 
1837. 



William Mellish * 




T. 


3213 


George Byng. 




W. 


2304 


Sir Francis Burdett, Bart.f 




W. 


1197 


William Mellish. 




T. 


2706 


George Byng. 




W. 


2368 


Sir Christopher Baynes, Bart. 




T. 


2252 


William Mellish. 




T. 




George Bvng. 




W. 




William Mellish. 




T. 




George Byng. 




W. 




George Byng. 




W. 


4004 


Samuel C. Whitbread. 




w. 


3585 


William Mellish. 




T. 


3073 


George Byng. 




W. 




Samuel Charles Whitbread. 




W. 




George Byng. 




w. 




Joseph Hume. 




R. 




George Byng. 




W. 




Joseph Hume. 




R. 




Joseph Hume. 


R. 


498, 


3238 


George Byng. 


W. 


414, 


3033 


Sir C. Forbes, Bart. 


T- 


492, 


1494 


Sir J. S. Lillie, Knt. 


R. 


16, 


1004 


George Byng. 




W. 


3505 


Joseph Hume. 




R. 


3096 


Captain Thomas Wood. 


T 


1475, 


2707 


George Byng. 


W. 


157, 


4796 


Captain Thomas Wood. 


T. 


72, 


4582 


Joseph Hume. 


R, 


80. 


4380 


Henry Powuall. 


T. 


18, 


4273 



* Found to be duly elected. The Sheriffs for their illegal conduct in 
admitting persons to poll who had no title to vote, were by the House of 
Commons committed to Newgate, where they remained some weeks, and on 
their petitioning the House, and admitting their offence, they were liberated. 

+ In May, 1805, three of Sir Francis Burden's Voters were sentenced to six 
years' transportation to Botany Bay. 

February 7, 1^06. The Committee sat again, when two of Sir Francis 
Burdett's Voters being rejected, and no farther objection being made on his 
part, William Mainwaring, Esq. was declared duly elected, and ought to have 
been returned. 



42 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



SPLIT 


VOTES. 






Byng and Wood, 






308 


Byng and Hume, 






4206 


Byng and Pownall, 






74 


Wood and Hume, 






26 


Wood and Pownall, 






4158 


Hume and Pownall, 






29 


George Byng, 




W. 




Lieut.-Col. Thomas Wood, 


T. 




Colours. 









1841. 



Tory — Light blue and Scarlet. 

Whig — Orange and Green. 
The present polling places of the county are as follows ; 
viz. — Bedfont, Brentford, Edgeware, Enfield, King's 
Cross, Hammersmith, Mile End, and Uxbridge. Popu- 
lation 1,576,756.* 

The original or first institution of parliaments, is one of 
those matters which lie so far hidden in the dark ages of 
antiquity, that the tracing of it out is a thing equally 
difficult and uncertain. The word parliament (parlement 
or colloquium, as some of our historians translate it,) is 
comparatively of modern date, derived from the French, 
and signifying an assembly that met and conferred together. 
It was applied to general assemblies of the states under 
Louis the Seventh, in France, about the middle of the 
12th century. But it is certain that, long before the intro- 
duction of the Norman language into England, all matters 
of importance were debated in the great councils of the 
realm; a practice which seems to have been universal 
among the northern nations, particularly the Germans, and 
carried by them into all the countries of Europe which 
they over ran at the dissolution of the Roman empire.f 



* See Population Returns, fol. 1841. 

+ Spelman's Gloss. Voc Mod. Un. Hist, xxiii. 307. Tac. de Mor. Germ. 
Robert. Hist. Cha. v. i. S09. 



THE CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 43 



CHAPTER III. 

Parish Church — Original Records — Grants of the Protector's Parliament — 
Queen's Anne's Bounty — Augmentation of the Living, and Endowment of 
the Vicarage — Description of the Interior of the Church — Monuments and 
Inscriptions — Curates and Incumbents — Benefactions and Charities — Bene- 
volent Societies, and Charity Schools — Extracts from the Parish Books. 

The Church of New Brentford is dedicated to St. Law- 
rence, and is situated on the south side of the town. 
The exact period when the old chapel, to which the 
tower or steeple, belonged was first built, cannot be 
ascertained, but it is supposed to have been in the twelfth 
century.* In Abbott Newland's pedigree of the Berkeley 
family, still extant in Berkeley Castle, Maurice de Berkeley, 
an ancestor of the present family, is mentioned as having died 
in 1189, the first of Richard L, and as having been buried 
in Brentford Chapel; to the building of which he had 
been a principal contributor, from which circumstance we 
may conclude that it was built by voluntary contributions. 
An escutcheon with the Berkeley arms cut in stone and 
emblazoned, which stood over the porch of the old church 
has been preserved, and is now placed inside the church 
against the west wall, surrounded with a gothic frame and 
the following inscription underneath : 

This COAT ARMORIAL OF THE NOBLE HOUSE 
OF BERKELEY (whose ancestor MAURICE DE 
BERKELEY was interred Anno Dom. MCLXXXIX. 
in Brentford Chapel, TO THE BUILDING of which 
he had been A GREAT CONTRIBUTOR) was, on 
rebuilding THE SAME Anno Dom. MDCCLXIV. 
HERE PRESERVED, to perpetuate the MEMORIAL 
of so ancient a benefactor. 

* Newcourt's Report, vol. i. p, 627. 



44 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

Newcourt says, that John de Thorynden* was the first 
Clerk instituted to the Church of Hanwell with the Chapel 
of Brentford annexed, in the year 1355, the ninth of 
Edward the Third, and therefore considers that the Chapel 
was built about that time ; the circumstances, however, 
respecting the Berkeley family, which are corroborated by 
Dugdale, proves this conclusion to be erroneous. f 

Dart, in his History of Westminster Abbey, says, that 
Edward the Confessor gave Brentford to the Church of 
Westminster, but there is no mention of it in the Con- 
fessor's charter, in which he confirms eight hides in Hanwell 
to the Church of Westminster, which may have led to 
the error. 

The manor and church of Hanwell continued part of the 
possessions of that Abbey till its dissolution, when it was 
given to the see of Westminster, and on the dissolution of 
that bishopric it reverted to the crown, and was given by 
Queen Mary to the Bishop of London, and his successors 
for ever, who still possess it in right of the see. An 
increase of the stipend of the parish priest to serve this 
chapel, occurs in the early part of the sixteenth century, 
which originated from the rent of the George Inn, by 
a deed of feofment, dated 15th February, 1529, ten years 
previous to the dissolution of the Convent of St. Helens, 
from Joan, widow of Henry Redman, to sundry feoffees in 
confirmation of the said Henry's will, whereby he gave 
an estate to several uses, and among other things to 
pay the Parish Priest of West Braynford, yearly the sum 
of £4 16s. 4d. which deed recites, " that sixteen pence 
weekly was then gathered among the householders of 
West Braynford, of some a penny, and others a half-penny, 
towards the stipend and salary of a priest to minister the 
sacrament in the church of West Braynford," which she 
says in the same deed, " is, and by the grace of God, shall 
be evermore commodious, right, easy, and pleasant, to 
all the inhabitants and tenants, whereas if they should 

* Vol. i. p. 17. fol. f Baronage, Vol. i. p. ~)'o2. 



CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 



45 



repair and go to the Church of Hanwell, distant two miles 
or near upon it, should be greatly to their pains and 
travails, by reason whereof many of them from age, sick- 
ness or other reasonable causes, should very rare go on 
labours to the said Church of Hanwell, by occasion whereof 
they should not so often hear mass and other divine 
service, as now they may in the said Church of West 
Braynford." 

The following particulars relative to Joan Redman's gift 
to this Church, are extracted from the " Certificate of the 
Commissioners for Dissolving Colleges and Chantries*" in 
the Augmentation Office. 



The Piclie 

of West 

Brayneford. 



Johan Redman gave unto the said 
Church towardes the salary of a 
Priest to mynester the Sacrament, 
and for the obitc yearely to be kepte, 
landes and Rente in West Brayn- 
forde, of the yearely value of 



It. s. d. 

► iiii. xvi. iiii. 

whereof 



f, 



To Master Bo wslev for quit rent v 

d. 
In quit rent for iiii acres lande viii 
To the Churchwardens for their d. 

xviii 



peynes 

Salarys accordyng to the s. d. 
will lxix. hi 

I And therr remayne the Clere 



s. d. 

xiiii. vii 



* A Chantry, was a small chapel annexed to a Parochial Church, founded 
and endowed for the maintenance of one or more chaunters, or chaunting 
priests, whose office it was to sing masses, and perform other memorials for the 
soul of the founder, or such other friends whom he had nominated ; in which 
the capellane or chanter was intituled and inducted, and took an oath to 
observe the statutes of the founder. — Fuller's Church Hist. p. 350. Heylins 
Hist, of the Reform, p. 51. 

Poor Joan Redman little thought when she was making provision for the 
good of her soul " for ever and for age," how soon all her intentions woidd he 
subverted bv the dissolution of monasteries, 1 Ed. VI. 



46 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

The said Johan Redman gave to the 

said Church for to kepe a crcndell* 

of wax to burne before thaltar one 

Cowe] 

Which was solde ii yeares to Henry 

Bowman of the said towne for xxs.f 

The estate so devised by Redman, was, by virtue of the act 
of the first of Edward the Sixth, seized on by the Crown, 
as being given to superstitious uses, but the Commissioners 
under the Act did not consider the £4. 16s. 4d. nor several 
other bequests, among the superstitious uses, and in lieu 
thereof charged the estate with a clear annual payment of 
six pounds, which is vested in trustees, and is still paid. 

This estate did consist of a public house, and another J 
adjoining, nearly opposite the Church. By the decree, 
only half, or three pounds, is expressly for the use of the 
minister, the other half is in the disposal of the parishioners, 
but has always been given to him. 

It appears that the premises above-mentioned having 
been seized by the crown among other chantry lands, were 
granted by Edward the Sixth, to John Keyme. In the 19th 
year of Elizabeth, John Bennett of Brentford, and Robert 
Vincent, of Acton, who, it is probable held the same pre- 
mises under Keyme's grant, by their indenture of that 
date, settled upon certain trustees a rent of six pounds per 
annum, issuing out of the same, half of which was to be 
appropriated to the minister, and the other to such charit- 
able uses as should seem most consonant to the intent of 
Joan Redman above-mentioned. 

This indenture is in the parish chest, where are also 



* According to Roman Catholic allegorists, candles, or tapers, represent 
Christ ; the wax, his flesh ; the fire, his piety ; the wick, his humanity ; the 
light his doctrine. The wick further signifies his humility ; the moulded wax, 
obedience; the flame, the love of God. — Hone's Ancient Mysteries Described, 
p. 78. Durand, Be Bit. lib. vi. c. lxxii. 

\ Chantry Roll. temp. Edw. VI. Augment. Office. 

+ Which houses bare been pulled down and two neat private bouses built 
mi the site 



CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 47 

several deeds relating to these premises, executed by Joan 
Redman's feoffees, subsequent to King Edward's grant to 
Kcyme, which renders it probable that the validity of the 
grant was disputed, the lands in question not having been 
entirely appropriated to superstitious uses, and therefore 
not liable to be sold, or granted away under the act for the 
sale of chantry lands ; and it seems probable, that the parish 
accepted the rent charge of £6. per annum from Bennet 
and Vincent as a compromise. 

It was presented to the Commissioners appointed in 
1650, to enquire into the state of Ecclesiastical Benefices, 
that Brentford was a Chapel of Ease to Hanwell, two miles 
distant ; that Mr. Bennett, the Minister, settled there by 
" the Committee of Plundered Ministers" piously officiated 
in the cure, and performed all the commands of the Par- 
liament, that he received the tythes within the limits of 
Brentford, valued £12. 10s. per annum; that he was 
entitled to an annual rent of £3. issuing out of the George 
Inn, and that he had likewise £60. per annum granted to 
him by the Committee, out of the impropriated rectory of 
Ashwell, in Hertfordshire. 

In 1651, it was 4t ordered?' that Mr. Lawrence Steele, 
Juror, do pay unto Mr. John Bennett, Minister of Brent- 
ford, the sum of thirty pounds, being one half year's salary 
due 24th of June last, out of the arrears of the remainder 
of the Rectory of Ashwell, in the County of Hertford, 
belonging to the late Bishop of London, and continued to 
the said Mr. Bennett by order of the Committee for the 
reformation of the Universities, of the 17th of -December 
last, grounded on an ordinance of Parliament, the yearly 
sum of one hundred pounds to Mr. Adorinam Byfield,* 
Minister of Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, being 
first satisfied and paid. 

In 1654, it was " ordered" by the Protector and Council 

* Adorinam Byfield is one of those few persons, who have, by name, been 
stigmatized by Butler in his " Hudibrass." 

Then- dispensations had been stifled, 

But for our Adorinam Byfield. — Part iii. Canto 2, line 639. 



48 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

that this augmentation which had been hitherto paid in 
corn, should be paid in money to Robert Gooden, then 
Minister; the Protector afterwards recommended that it 
should be advanced to one hundred pounds per annum. 
Abriel Borfett,* who succeeded as Minister in 1657, appears 
to have had a double apj^ointment, viz. from the Protector, 
and from Eowland Stedman, Eector of Hanwell. He 
was admitted 24th of March, 1657, to the Chapel of 
Braintford, in the parish of Hanwell, upon a nomination 
exhibited the same day from Rowland Stedman, Minister 
of Hanwell, and certified from Samuel Reynolds, Row- 
land Stedman, Thomas Elford, Henry Royd, and John 
Humphry, f 

The same augmentation charged upon various rectories 
was continued to him, but it appears by the frequent 
petitions for the payment of arrears entered into the 
minute books of the Committee for plundered Ministers, 
that neither he nor his predecessors received much profit 
from it. 

" Whereas the trustees by order of the 30th of March, 
1659, granted unto Mr. Abriel Borfett, among other things, 
the rents and profits of the tithe of Sunbury, in the said 
county, to be accounted from the 25th of March, 1659, 
and the said Mr. Borfett complains that there is one half 
year's arrears ending on the 29th day of September last, 
unpaid unto him, which he cannot receive out of the parti- 
culars charged for the payment thereof, it is " ordered" 
that Mr. Meemis, Churchwarden, receiver, do pay the 
sum amounting to twelve pounds, or so much thereof, as 
is yet unpaid unto Mr. Borfett, out of the particulars 
charged on the arrears of rents and profits within his 
receipt, not otherwise particularly disposed of, becoming 
due within the time in which the said twelve ' pounds 
became in arrears. T. Thorogood, ¥m. Seale, Win. 
Skinner, John Cooper. + 

* Parliamentary Surveys, Lamb. MS. Lib. 

t Minutes of the Commissioners, vol. xxxiv. p. 217. 

\ Minutes of the Commissioners, Lamb. MS. Lib. vol. vii. pp. 332, 349. 



THE CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 49 

" Ordered," May 21, 1660, by his Highness Lord 
Protector and the Council, that it be recommended to the 
Trustees for the maintainance of Ministers, to make up 
the augmentation formerly settled on the Lecturer of New 
Brainford, one hundred pounds per annum for his better 
maintenance and encouragement, and that they cause the 
same to be paid accordingly. Hen. Scobell, Clerk of the 
Council."* 

In all the later patents from the Crown, all tithes and the 
advowson, or right of patronage of the rectory of Hanwell, 
the mother church, being, as already mentioned, vested in 
the Crown, by the dissolution of the bishopric of West- 
minster, as well as the manor and chapelry of " Boston cum 
Brentford," by the Protector Somerset's attainder, and Queen 
Mary granting the former by letters patent dated March 3rd, 
in the fourth year of her reign, to Bishop Bonner and his 
successors in the See of London for ever " cum capella de 
Brentford," and all tithes arising therefrom; the subse- 
quent grant of the tithes in the Earl of Leicester's patent, 
and the confirmation or renewal thereof by James I. were 
void. The tithes of Brentford having been severed from 
the manor of Boston, and annexed to the rectory of 
Hanwell by Queen Mary, they continued to be thus 
enjoyed by the rector of Hanwell till the augmentation of 
the salary of the chapelry by Queen Anne's bounty, when 
an allotment of part of them to the then curate of Brent- 
ford took place, and till that period, the rector of Hanwell 
was accustomed once a month to perform divine service in 
Brentford chapel, in virtue of his rectory of the mother 
church of Hanwell. The officiating curate was chosen by 
the inhabitants, and maintained chiefly by voluntary sub- 
scriptions, until Queen Anne's bounty was obtained in 
1723. By the provisions of the Act of Parliament, it 
became a distinct benefice, but still presentable by the 
Rector of Hanwell. The value of the chapelry being thus 
much increased, a house was built on the freehold land 
of the church, by subscription, for the curate's residence. 

* Minutes of the Commissioners' Proceedings, Lamb. MS. Lib. vol. i. p. 29. 

E 



50 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

A gallery having been erected in 1694 in the church, the 
seats of which were let, and the profits given to him; 
the nomination thereto was claimed by the Rector of the 
mother church, and all ministers, from that time, have been 
nominated by him. 

In the year 1744, on Queen Anne's bounty being about 
to be obtained for the Incumbent by subscription, the 
Rev. Dr. Burnaby, the then Rector of Hanwell, and the 
Rev. W. Chilcott, D.D., the then Incumbent of New 
Brentford, entered into a written agreement; and after- 
wards in the year 1749, when the bounty was obtained, 
lands were purchased in Heston, and in Leigh, near 
Reigate ; they at the same time executed a deed to which 
the Bishop of London, and the Corporation for managing 
Queen Anne's bounty were parties, pursuant to the Act 
of Parliament for ascertaining the portion of tithes, and 
other dues, sums, and allowances to be from henceforth 
payable and received by the ministers of New Brentford as 
their stipend, and to be vested in them for ever. 

By this agreement, the small tithes were appropriated 
to the living, and from its date, 1744, losing its ancient 
name of chapelry, it thus became a vicarage, and the parish 
church of New Brentford, presentable by the Rector of 
Hanwell, but a totally distinct parish of itself. 

In the old Chapel a gallery had been built, the pew- 
rents of which were received by the minister, towards the 
expense, of which thirty pounds of the poor's money was 
applied, the minister paying annually to the churchwarden 
£1. 16s. out of the pew-rents for interest ; after the building 
of the new church, the north gallery was allotted to the 
minister on the same conditions. 

The vicarage house which adjoins the Church, was 
originally demised to the parish in the year 1646, for 
twenty-one years, at a pepper corn rent, by Sir Edward 
Spencer, lord of the manor of Boston, for the " use and 
behoof of the Minister, or for such poor people, as should 
be placed there." In the year 1696 it was rebuilt, partly 
by subscription, and partly by a parish rate, and for many 
years afterwards it was inhabited by the officiating minister, 




New Brentford Church, and Middleton's Monument. 



THE AFTERNOON LECTURESHIP. 



51 



the lease being renewed yearly. In the year 1803, a 
dispute having arisen about the tenure of the house, the 
parish, who had several times repaired it, asserted their 
right, and in the year 1804 let it for one year to an indifferent 
person. In 1805, all differences having been adjusted, 
the parish voted the sum of £200, to put the house in 
repair, and a legal instrument, to which the Bishop of 
London, the Minister, and principal inhabitants were 
parties, was executed and enrolled in the Court of Chan- 
cery, by which deed the said house was annexed to the 
church as a residence for the minister for ever. 

The Afternoon Lectureship. — Dr. Stoddart was 
appointed Curate and afternoon Lecturer of New Brent- 
ford in the year 1828. His salary as Curate, was paid 
by the sequestrators of the Living, and the Lectureship 
whether preached by the Incumbent or the Curate has 
always been supported by the voluntary subscriptions 
of the inhabitants. It appears from the parish books, 
that a quarterly collection in 1665 made for Mr. Bunnie, 
the minister, amounted to £6. Is. 

The Church was rebuilt in the year 1T64, with the 
exception of the Tower, and was opened for public worship 
in the month of August of that year. The following is the 
statement of the expense of rebuilding the Church.* 



Dr. 


£. 


s. 


</. 


Cr. £. s. 


d. 


Contract 


. . 1600 








Mr. Gee's Legacy 300 





Extras 


648 


14 


10 


Materials of Old'chapel 91 





The Surveyor 


.. 113 


14 





By a Brief 364 14 





Bill for Faculty . 


37 


7 





By Subscription .... 1155 14 
Gained by Subscription \ 

Money and Legacy ! or 11 

laid out in Stock till [" 

wanted .... j 













1 




























By a Rate 521 16 


9 




£2459 


IS 


10 


£2459 15 


10 



It is built in the form of an oblong square, seventy-three 
feet long, including ten feet of the chancel, and forty-five 
feet wide. It consists of a nave and chancel, the cieling is 



Parish Books, 1764. 

e2 



52 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

flat. The chancel forms a recess with a circular cieling', 
and is ornamented with festoons of grapes and foliage, the 
carving and mouldings are painted white, on a pale blue 
ground. The Decalogue, the Lord's Prayer, and the 
Apostles' Creed, are painted in gilt letters on a black ground. 
Over the centre of the middle window, which is of Venetian 
form, are placed the royal arms, handsomely carved and 
gilt.* The whole interior of the Church displays a chaste 
and elegant appearance. It was repaired and painted in 
the year 1820, and the chancel was again painted in 1840. 

The pulpit and reading-desk are of oak. The gothic 
font is placed in the nave. 

The galleries are supported by eight Ionic wooden 
columns. The organ is placed in the west gallery. Twenty- 
one pews on the north side of the nave and north aisle ; 
and the whole of the north gallery belong to the Minister, 
as forming part of the endowment.f The exterior is plain, 
built of brick, with seventeen circular headed windows. 
The ancient stone tower, forming part of the original 
structure, is embattled, and is still in good condition.^ 

* The Royal Arms were the immediate successors of the Roods, which 
were ordered to be taken dowi) in November, 1547, and are now the only 
external badge of supremacy. Such texts of Scripture were ordered to be 
written against the walls of churches as condemned masses. 

t Seats in Churches were subject to sale as early as 1457 ; the price varied 
from lOd. to lQd., the former sum being paid for one behind the font, and the 
latter for one opposite the pulpit. — Nichols's Collect. Topog. vol. iii. p. 134. 

In Lambeth Church, in the reign of Philip and Mary, there were so many 
pews, as to make it expedient to distinguish by labels to whom they were 
allotted: " Payd for a skin of parchment to wryte men's names upon the 
pewes, 4d. — Allen's Hist, of Lambeth, p. 72. 

t Church Towers were formerly the parochial fortresses, and were fitted up 
with fire places, &c. The parishioners resorting to them in time of danger. — 
Fosbrook's Ency. of Antiq. vol. i. p. 108. 

It is said they were introduced about the time of King Edgar, and improved 
bv the Normans. — Bentham's Hist, of Ely Cath. p. -30. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 58 



Monuments and Inscriptions inside the Church. 

You enter the Church at the north-east side by a door 
which leads to the Chancel : on the north wall of which 
is a handsome marble monument, by Westmacot, which 
cost two hundred pounds, with the following inscription ; 

In Memory of 

James Clitherow, of Boston House, in this County, Esq. 

He died May 9th, 1805, aged 73 years, 

He was an active Magistrate and was universally beloved and respected. 

Also, of his wife Anne, 

Daughter and co-heir of Reginald Kemys, of Bertholth, Monmouthshire, Esq. 

She died December 25, 1801, in the 71st year of her age ; 

By her he had seven children, 

Anne, married to W. Salkeld, Esq. ; Philippa, married to B. Brooksbank, Esq.; 

Jane, to Peter Baker, Esq. ; Mary, Spinster ; James ; 
Martha, married to Lord W. Seymour ; and Sarah, married to the Rev. E. Bullock. 

James Clitherow, Esq. (the above-named son,) 

Was born February 6th 1766, and died October, 12th 1811, 

Respected and beloved by all who knew him; 

He was for many years an able and zealous Magistrate for this County, 

And for forty-six years Colonel of the Royal Westminster Middlesex Militia; 

He married Jane, daughter of G. Snow, of Langton, Dorset, Esq. 

By whom he left no issue ; 

Deeply interested in promoting the welfare of his fellow men, 

And gifted with peculiar activity of mind, 

He devoted all the energies of a Christian spirit, 

To the fulfillment of his duties in these and every other relation of life. 

This tablet is erected by his Widow and Sister Mary, 

In fond and grateful remembrance of 
One of the best and kindest of husbands and brothers. 

On the wall of the north Gallery is a marble monument 
surmounted with arms, and the following inscription : — 

Sacred to the Memory 

Of a truly amiable and respectable woman, 

Ann, Wife of James Clitherow, of Boston House, Esq. ; 

They were married January 28th 1757, 

And after near forty-five years of perfect conjugal felicity, 

She died December 25, 1801, in the 71st year of her age. 

She was second Daughter and Co-heir of Reginald Kemys, of 

Bertholth, Monmouthshire, Esq. by Jane his Wife, Daughter and 

Co-heir of the Rev. Charles Proby, of Tewing, Herts, D.D. 

She was the happy Mother of seven children 

Who all survived her. 

James, her only Son, married Jane, Daughter of 



54 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

George Snow, of Langton, Dorsetshire, Esq. 

Her Daughters were, 

Ann, Wife of William Salkeld, of Fifehead, Neville, Dorsetshire, Esq. 

Philippa, Wife of Benjamin Brookshank, of Hellaugh, Yorkshire, Esq. 

Jane, Wife of Peter Williams Baker, of Ranstone, Dorsetshire, Esq. 

Mary. — Martha, Wife of the Right Hon. Lord William Seymour, 

Fifth surviving Son of Francis, late Marquis of Hertford. 

Sarah, Wife of the Rev. Edward Bullock, A.M. 



In hallow'd earth in holy hope repos'd 
Her peaceful ashes sleep, th' immortal soul 
Awaits that awful hour, when what she was, 
Will from the Almighty's final doom he known. 



Also, of the ahove named 

James Clitherow, Esq. 

Who died May 9th, 1805, aged 73 years, 

In firm expectation of a joyful resurrection, 

And trusting solely in the merits of Jesus Christ, for 

Pardon of his sins, and for an happy eternity. 

On the east wall of the Chancel, on the north side of the 
window, on a handsome marble monument, with columns, 
is the following inscription : — 

In Memory 

Of Rachel, ye Wife of Christor. Clitherow, 

Of Boston House, in this County, Esq. eldest Daur. 

Of lames Paule, of Braywick, in the County of Berks, Esq. 

Who died October ye 23d, 1714, agd. 40, 

& had 15 Children born and Christned, 

6 of them died infants, & lye by her, nine survived. 

In memory also 

Of the sd. Christr. Clitherow, 

Who died August 20, 1727, aged 61. 

Arms: — Clitherow, impaling Arg. on a cross sab. 5 etoils of the field for Paule. 

Christopher Clitherow, married Rachel, daughter of James Paule, Esq. of 
Braywick, Bucks. 

Against the same wall, on the south side of the window, 
is a neat marble monument surmounted with two separate 
coats of arms and crest. 

Arms : — Arg. on a Chevron G. between 3 eagles displayed sab. 5 annulets, or, 
for Clitherow, impaling, quarterly 1 and 4. Per Chevron engrailed 
or and sab. a lion rampant counterchanged, 2 and 3 Arg. three 
spears in pale, and a chief sab. the shears, heads on the chief Arg. 
for Barker. 
James Clitherow, married the daughter of Thomas Barker, of Chiswick. 
In expectation of a blessed resurrection, lyeth bvried in this Chancel, the body 
of lames Clitherow. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 55 

Of Boston Howse, in this Parish, Esq.; He departed this Life 

Ye 25th of Novemr. 1082, leaving 2 Sons, 

lames & Christopher; and 2 Davghters, Jane & Elizabeth. 

Jane married John Jennyns, of Hays, in ye County of Middlesex ; 

Elizabeth unmarried, afterwards wife of Barnham, 

Son and Heir Apparent of Nath. Powell, Bart. 

Here also lyeth the Body of Eliz. Relict of ye 

said James Clitherow, who departed this life ye 24th of Apl., 1G88. 

She was the davghter of Thos. Barker, of Chiswick, 

In the said Covnty, Esq. third wife of ye said James Clitherow, 

And mother of ye sd. Christopher & Elizabeth. 

On the south wall of the Chancel, a handsome marble 
monument with arms, and the following inscription : — 

In this Chancel lies the body of James Clitherow, of Boston House, in this 
Parish, Esq. eldest Son and Hen- of Christopher Clitherow, and Rachel his 
wife. He married Phillippa, eldest Daughter and Co-heir of Leonard Gale, of 
Crabbet, in ye County of Sussex, Esq., (by Sarah, his Wife, sole Daughter & 
heir of Richd Knight, of Cowden, in ye County of Kent, Esq.,) by whom 
he had two sons, James and Christopher, & seven daughters, Philippa, 
Martha, Sarah, Rachel, Philippa, Elizabeth, & Ann. He died regretted by 
all that knew him, the 3rd day of May, 175'2, aged 58 years, leaving a character 
so well known, & so universally esteemed, as to render an encomium unne- 
cessary. In affectionate regard to the memory of her husband, this monument 
was erected by his widow whoj lived equally esteemed, & died as justly 
regretted, January 14th 1760, aged 55. Here also lie the bodyes of their 

daughters. 

Philippa, | ("20th January 173§j f 11th May 1733 

Martha L hnni } 10th FpTmmrv 1 7:12- L di^d -I 



Martha V born 4 10th February 173f V died ■>. 11th Jany. 1753 

Elizabeth J ( 14th October 1742 J ( 14th July 1755 

Arms: — Clitherow as above, on an escutcheon of pretence Az. on a fesse 
between 3 saltiers Or, 3 lions' heads erased of the field, for Gale, quartering 
Arg. 3 bendlets Gul. on a canton Az. a spur Or. for Knight. 

James Clitherow, Esq. married Philippa, Daughter and Co-heir of Leonard 
Gale, Esq. Co. Sussex. 

On the east wall of the South Aisle, is an elegant monu- 
ment of marble in the form of a Sarcophagus, supported 
by the figures of faith and hope, designed with exquisite 
simplicity, and executed in a style that must reflect credit 
on the age which produced them, as specimens of monu- 
mental sculpture, by Flaxman, thus inscribed : — 

Thy will be done. 

Sacred 

To the memory of William Howell Ewin, LL.D. 

Who died November 29th, 1804, in the 74th year of his age. 

Also, of his Sister, Susanna Howell Ewin, 
Who died January 12th, 1808, in the 70th year of her age. 



56 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

In the Chancel lies buried William Noy, Attorney- 
General to King Charles the First. A brass plate with an 
inscription was placed over his tomb, but was soon defaced.* 
His character will be found hereafter. 

On the east end wall, over the South Gallery, is placed 
an elaborate monument in form of an alcove, with a 
pediment supported by two Corinthian columns of scagliola 
marble, displaying the figures of John Middleton, Esq. 
and his wife, kneeling at a fald stool, in the dress of the 
times. Over the pediment are the family coat of arms. 
At the base of the Monument on each side are the arms of 
Middleton and Philips, in separate coats. 

The following inscription is on a black tablet under 
the above. 

Here sleepeth in the Lord, John Middleton, Esqvre sometymes a student of 
Lyncolnes Inne, who was borne in ye Parrish of St. Olave, Sovthwarke in the 
County of Surrey, he married Elizabeth, the daughter of Thomas Philipps of 
New Brentford ; after hee lived regliously in ye feare of God & favour of all 
good men for temperance, uprightnesse, & deeds of piety, as ye annuity of 
five pounds to be distributed uppon ye feast of St. Thomas Th' apostle among 
ye poore of this Towne of New Brentford for ever, where hee sometymes was an 
Inhabitant, may give sufficient testemony. Hee departed this life ye 40 yeare 
of his Age in ye yeare of our Redemption 1624. 

Arms: — Arg. a saltier engrailed Sab. charged with amascell Or, for Middleton, 
imp. Ar. a chev. erm. between 3 Pelicans orj for Philipps. 
John Middleton married the daughter of Thomas Philips of Brentford. 

On the south wall of the South Aisle, on a marble 
tablet — 

Sacred to the Memory of Mr. Rohert Hazell, wbo died on the 18th day of 
January, 1840, aged 44 years. 

Near the preceding on a marble tablet — 

To the much esteemed Memory of three worthy men, Brothers, and natives 
of this Parish, Henry, John, and Thomas Whitehead, whose remains lye under- 
neath. This Monument is erected as a small token of grateful respect by their 
very affectionate relative and executor to the last surviving brother, George 
Balston, of Knigbtsbridge. 

* Ant. Wood's Allien- Oxon. vol. i. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. Oi 

On the same wall on a circular tablet with drapery : — 

Near this Place lie the Mortal remains of the Rev. William Cooke, B.D. 

Late Vicar of Preston, in the County of Suffolk, 

And of Melton Parva, in the County of Norfolk. 

And formerly Fellow of Emanuel College, 

In the University of Cambridge. He died the 1st of April, 1810, aged 76. 

Filial affection inscribes this Tablet to the memory of a good man 

and kind parent. 

Against the eastern wall of the North Aisle on a marble 
tablet surmounted with an urn. 

A Sacred memorial of Mr. John Soame Howard, 

Late of this Parish, who died January 27th 1810, aged 52 years, 

Of Mrs. Martha Howard his wife, who died February 27th, 1824, 

Aged 67 years, 

And of Mary Ann Howard, daughter of the above, who died March 18th, 1818, 

Aged 26 years, whose remains are deposited 

. Iu the middle aisle of this church. 

On the north wall, on a marble sarcophagus — 

Sacred to the Memory of 

Charlotte, 

The affectionate wife of George Cooper, Esq. 

Of this Parish, 

Who died universally respected, 11th April, 1834, 

In her 34th year. 

On the same Avail on a marble tablet, surmounted with 
two urns — 

Near this place lie the remains of Benjamin Lucas, Esq. 

Of the Butts, of this Parish, who died the 7th of January, 1788, 

aged 66 years. 

Also, of Mary Lucas, his Widow, 

Who died the 11th of March, 1803, aged 67 years. . 

On a circular tablet with arms, on the east wall of the 

north gallery — 

M. S. 

Of Mrs. Curtis Cullum, late Wife of Thomas Cullum, Gent. 

Eldest Daughter of Henry Hawley, Esq., and Alice 

His Wife ; she died in Childbed ye 8th day of February, 

Ten daies after the birth of their Daughter Anna, 

Whom she left issue, being then first and only child. 

Annoj Domini 170 ° 
( .<Etat. suae 20. 

Arms: — Az. a Chevron Erm. between three Pelicans vulning themselves, or, 

for Cullum inpaling Hawley. 



58 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

On a circular tablet on the right : — 

Neare the middle of this place is interred the Body of Mrs. Alice Hawley, 
Widow & relict of James Hawley, Esq. (whose Memorial is opposite here- 
unto) she departed this life the 25th day of November, Anno Dom. 1678. 
jEtatis suae 78. 

On a circular tablet on the left — 
M. S. 

Jacobi Hawley, Armigeri filii natu 4ti. 

Jacobi Hawley, Armigeri filii natu maximi 

Hieronimi quorum omuium Reliquiae iacent 

Sub lapide substrato. Obiit Februarii 12mo. 

Anno Domini 1667. 

Mt&t. suae 73. 

Arms: — Vert, a saltier engrailed Arg. for Hawley. 
Crest. — An Helmet with a flame. 

Between the preceding, a marble tablet with arms : 

Hanc prope Tabulum jacet 

Henricus Hawley, Ar. 

Urdus Justiciriorum Dom Eegi pacem pro hoc Comitatu Middlesexiae 

Coronae Partriaq. 

Plus-quam trigintas annos fideliter survivit Cujus integritas 

Et Scientia equa nota et utilis Pater familiae indulgens 

Bonorum fautor, Malorum terror, Amicus Omnium. 

(Dni 1706. 
Vitam hanc pro meliore mutavit 15°. die Decembris Anno j E ~g 

Jacet etiam Alicia Vidua 

Praedicti Henrici Hawley, 

(Dni 1714. 
Obt. 5o Mar. Ao. \ _. . onax „. 
(Etat suae /4. 

Arms: — On an escutcheon of pretence Arg. a chevron sable, between three 
bulls' heads, gules. 

On the same wall on a black marble tablet with gilt 
letters : — 

M. S. 

Annorum 2 rum 

Quae obierunt infantes 

Earumq fratres 

Henrici filii natu tertii 

Henrici Hawley Armigr. 

Aliciae Uxoris suae 

Obiit 29° die Junii 

Auno |Dom.l695. 

(Etat. sua? llf. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 59 

On the wall of the North Gallery, on a handsome marble 
tablet with arms : — 

To the Memory of 

Thomas Foxall, Esq. late of Twickenham, in the county of Middlesex, 

Who died Jannary 17th, 1796. 

Also of Eobert Scott, Esq. M.D. 

Late of Twickenham, who departed this life, 

February 7th, 1829, aged 67 years. 

On the floor of the middle Aisle — 

Mr. John Home, late of Newport Street, St. Ann's Westminster, died 11th of 
December 1766, aged 67. 

Anne, Wife of the Rev. Charles Crane, M.A. Rector of Stockton, in the 
County of Warwick, caused this inscription to the memory of her Grandfather, 
to be restored, in the year of our Lord 1812. 

This gentleman was the father of the Rev. John Home, 
the then minister. He reared and educated a family 
of seven children, and realized a considerable fortune, 
at the same time that he acquired a fair and honourable 
character for himself. He became a liberal subscriber Jto 
the Middlesex Hospital, and such was his reputation for 
wealth and integrity, that he was elected the first Treasurer 
of that excellent Institution.* 

On the floor of the middle aisle — 

Mr. William Piper, 6th of May, 1757, aged 18. 

Mrs. Susannah Piper, Wife of the above, 22nd of July, 1776, aged 68. 

Mr. William Piper, Son of the above, 6th of October, 1800, aged 52. 

Mr. James Berthune, of an antient family of North Britain, practised Sur- 
gery for 50 years in this Town, and died Oct. 2, 1767, aged 74. 

On the floor of the east end of the north aisle- 
Here lieth the Body of Dame Mary, the relict of Sir EdAvard Spencer, one of 

the Daughters of John Goldsmith, of Welby, in Com. Suffolk, who departed 

this life the 27 of March, 1658, in the 80th year of her age. 

Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Sir Robert Peat, D.D. K.S.P. 30 years 

Vicar of this Church, Died 21st day of April, 1837, aged 66 years. 

Rev. John Evan Randall, thirty years Minister of this Chapel, died 23d 

March, 1803, aged 63. Also, Elizabeth Alice Randall, Widow of the above 

J. E. Randall, who died at Frome, 27 Nov. 1814 

The following are the memorials formerly in the old 

* Stephens' Life of J. Home Tooke, vol. i. p. 10. 



60 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

Church which have been preserved by Weever : they are 
here arranged in the order of date : — * 

Hie jacet Wilielmus Clavel, Agnes, et dementia ux: ejus: qui quidem 
Wilielmus, obit. 1490. 

Here lyeth the body of Christoper Carbill, alias Norroy, King at Arms, who 
died 1520. 



Christopher Carlyl, called by some authorities Carhill, 
was, 21st February, in 9th Hen. Vllth made Norroy 
King of Arms, upon the promotion of Roger Machado to 
the office of Clarenceux ; he had held both the office of 
Pursuivant and Herald by the title of Carlisle which is 
somewhat singular, he having that name by paternal descent, 
being the son of Sir William Carlisle, son of John, son of 
Robert Carlisle. He was employed in numerous public 
services during the reign of Henry the Seventh. In the 
second of Henry the Eighth, he had a privy seal for the 
office of Clarenceux, but did not pass a patent for it under 
the great seal, being at the time seized with sickness. He 
made his will on the last day of December in that year, 
wherein he styles himself Christopher Carlyle, otherwise 
called Norroy, King of Arms. It was proved the 22nd 
of May, 1511, 3 Hen. VIHth. He desires therein to be 
buried at " Richemount if it fortune me to decesse here," 
" if ellyswhere after the discretion of my executour." It 
mentions no wife, issue, or relatives. It appears that Norroy 
died 8th of January, 1510, and was buried at Brent- 
ford.f 

His wife Alice, daughter of Thomas Mallony, was 
buried in the Grey friars, London, with an inscription 
to her memory. For some further particulars respecting 
this gentleman, see " Collections for the History of the 
ancient family of Carlisle, by G. N. Carlisle, Esq.J 

Here lyeth Henry Redmayne and Jone his wife .... 1528 

Here lyeth Richard Parker, servant in the Botre to Henry the seventh, and 

Hen. the eight, and Margery his Wyf, late to the Lady Maryes Grace 

daughter to King Henry the eight, by Katherin his first wyf, daughter 

of Ferdinando the sixt King of Spayne, which Richard died 1545. 

* Funeral Monuments, p. 520. Loud. 1631. 

+ Mus. Brit. Bibl. Cotton. Vitcll. F. 7. + London, Ito. p. 369, 1822. 



MONUMENTAL BRASSES, 

In Brentford and Ealing Churches. 




Henry Redman, and Joan his Wyf, Anno Dom. xv.xxviii. 




Richard Amondesham, and Katheryn his Wyf, Merchant of 
the Stapel of Calais. 



Redman's will. 61 

Against the west wall is placed a brass plate representing 
John Redman, his wife, and two children kneeling before 
an altar, with the following inscription : — 

Py for the soul of henry Redman sutyme 
chefe m mason of ye King worke & Joha 
his wyf spcall benefactors of this Church 
which hath gyven ctane land 8 and tenemet 
therto & anuall half stypend of curats 
therof & more land sufficiet for a 
ppetual obyit & mking all reparacons 
of the sayd land as it do the apere by 
ctan wrytyngs in custodie of the Churchwarden 3 
remainyg which hery decesed ye x dy of 
July ano dm xvxxviii o whoe soull Jim 
have mcy 

Redman 's Will. — In the name of God, Amen. The yere 
of our Lord God 1528, the first daye of the monthe of July. 
I, Henry Redman, of West Brentford, fremason, in my 
right myncl and good helthe, thanked be God. I make and 
ordeyne this my last will in manner and forme following ; 
first, I bequethe my soule to almyghtie God my maker 
and redeemer, to our Lady St. Mary, and to all the holy 
company of heaven, and my body to be buryed at the 
northe syde of St. Lawrence quere there where the vestre 
would be made. Also, I bequethe to the highe awlter 
for lack of prevy tithes forgotton by negligens, vs. Item, 
I bequethe to the roode lyght, His. iiiie?. Also, I bequethe 
to our Lady lyght in the Chappell, xiik/. and to our Lady 
in the Churche, xxe?. Item, I bequethe to St. Lawrence 
iiis. iiiid. to find a taper brenning till the money be spent. 
Also, I bequethe to a Priest to syng and rede for my soule 
and good helthe of my wyfe, and the soides of my father 
and mother, and for my wyfes father and mother, and all 
that I am bound to praie for and for all christiane soule s, 
tenne markes for one yere, the same Priest shall kepe the 
quere on holie dais to maynteyne God service and ones in 
the weeke Placebo and Dirige, as he will awnswer before 



62 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



God. Also, I bequethe to Syon,* xiiis. iiiid. and to the 
Charter House xiiis. iiii^.f Also I give unto to the friers 
of Richmond^ vis. viiid. Also, I bequethe all weyryng 
gere amongst my kingsfolk at the discretion of my wife. 
Also, I will evi*y yere an obit the xiii. daie of July and 
thereat v Priests and ii Clarks every Priest to have 
viii. pence, and the Curate xiid. and every Clark vid. and 
to offer each one id. I give and bequethe after the decease 
of me and Jone my wife, the George with thappertenan 8 . 
and Cottege with the Garden grounde of William Chapman 
next to the said George on the west party and a cottage 
next to the Maydenhead, which Maydenhead was the 
grounde of Wlliam Clavel, and iiii. acres of grounde late 
the grounde of Agnes Tuttill, two acres thereof and a half 
lying at Burding Bushes, boundyng to the sex hoole, and 
one acre butting upon a close of Robert Angers, and half an 
acre lying in long shoote butting to the Kyngs highe way, 
as it is more playnely specifyd in the dedes thereof to 
Master John Spylman and to John his sonne and heire, to 
Elizabeth Spelman, late the daughter of Sir Henry Frowick 
and to others to the use of the Pishoners of West Brayn- 
ford, for to paie the piss Priest wags yerely iii.U. vis. viiid. 
and the rest to be payd for my obit above named. And to 
the reparacons of the said howses at the oversight of the 
ffeoffees and Churchwardens. Also, I give and bequethe 
to Willm Reedman, the sonne of Thomas Reedman of 
Westminster, the howse that I dwell in and the lands not 
bequest ne given after the decease of my wife Jone, if the 



* In the 1415, Henry the Fifth founded within his Manor of Isleworth, a 
Convent of Bridgetines, giving it the name of Sion, in reference to the Holy 
Mount. This Monastery was surrendered to the King's Commissioners in 
1539, 31 Hen. VIII.— Aungiers Hist, of Isleworth, p. 88. 

+ The Charter House was built and endowed for twenty-four Monks by 
Michael de Northbrook, Bishop of London, in the year 13G1. On the disso- 
lution, the Charter House passed into various hands. In 1613, William, Lord 
Howard conveyed it to Thomas Sutton, Esq. for the sum of ,£3000. — Allen's 
Hist, of London, vol. ii. p. 419. 

\ Henry the Seventh is said to have founded a Convent of Observant Friars 
near the Palace at Bicbmond, about the year 1199. Hollinshed mentions its 
suppression in the year 1534. — hysons' $ Env. vol. i. Surrey, p. 327. 



THE CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. Oe> 

said Willm Reedman dye without heyres before my wife 
Joanne all that lands and howses to give and to sell at her 
discretion yff the said Willm Reedman lyve after my wyfe, 
then I will that my dwellyng howse with the lands not 
bequest remayne to the next heyre male of "my blood 
beyring the name of Reedmans in Huntingdonshire, besyde 
our Lady of Reedbone, also I give and bequethe to my 
wife Joanne which Joanne I ordeyne and make my sole 
executrics and Richard Parker nt her and he to have for 
his labor as my wife thinketh convenient, and Thomas 
Reedman my overseer, and he to have for his labor xs. 
This beying witnessed p r . 

Hugh Gayterd, Sir John Selby nt. other mo. 

at Braynford the day and yere abovementiond. 
(Taken from the Copy in the Parish Chest.) 



Against the west wall under a circular recess is placed 
a handsome marble monument supported by two antique 
urns, with the following inscription — 

D. o. M. 

Thomae Hardwick, F. A. S. 

Olim Architect! non imperiti 

juxtim reliqvae jacent 

Obiit Jan. XVI. 

Anno aetatis LXXVII. 

Humanae salvtis MDCCCXXIX. 

Hoc Pictatis nee non desiderii 

Tarn chari parentis monvmentvm 

Posvervnt 

Mcerentis liberi. 

Thomas John Hardwick, 
Eldest Son of Philip Hardwick, Architect, 

And Grandson of the above, 
Born 3d Augt. 1820, died 14th April, 1836 



64 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

BERKELEY ARMS, ON THE WEST WALL. 










Gules, a chevron between 10 Crosses, patee, six and four below, Arg. for 
Berkeley — quartering 1 G ules, tbree lions passant, or, for Mowbray, 2 Cheeky, 
or, and az. for warren, 3 Gules, a Lion rampant Arg. for Fitzalan. 

The arms of Maurice de Berkeley, 1189, should have 
been only the Chevron between the crosses. 

The period when the Berkeley family obtained a right to 
quarter Moubray, was on the death of James de Berkeley, 
in 1452. 

This Escutcheon was therefore improperly inserted here, 
if it was put up in Memory of Maurice de Berkeley as a 
Benefactor of the old Church. 

What close-twined sympathies of parted years 
Cling round this hallow' d pile ! how meek it rears 
Its venerable walls, and throws their shade 
Around the neighbouring mansions of the dead. 
Perhaps in this long hallow'd spot, of old, 
Primeval faith its orisons has told ; 
Or suffering faith its ground has nobly stood, 
'Midst Marian fires, and persecuting blood — 
Here we ourselves in childhood's happier hour, 
Were led by hands beloved — now grasp'd no more 
These sacred walls our father's prayers have beard 
Within these walls their grateful praise they pour'd ; 
And here they lie around us — as we tread, 
We move amidst the mansions of the dead. 

The British Church, by the Rev. D. J. Waugh. 



THE CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 



65 



The Churchyard on the south, contains memorials, among 
others, of the following persons : — 



Hugh Ronalds, . . .... 


1788, Aged 02 


Mary Ronalds, . . 


1799, .. 


.. 77 


Mary Ronalds, . . .... 


1779, .. 


.. 24 


Henry Clarke Ronalds, 


1811, .. 


.. 47 


Francis Ronalds, . . .... 


1806, .. 


.. 45 


Sylvanns Ronalds, . . .... 


1819, .. 


.. 25 


Matthew Ronalds, . . .... 


1821, .. 


.. 26 


Eliza Ronalds, . . 


1823, .. 


.. 65 


H. C. Ronalds, . . 


1828, .. 


.. 12 


Hugh Ronalds, . . 


1833, .. 


.. 71 


Dorcas Salter, . . .... 


1730, .. 


.. 69 


Mary Paddon, . . 


1786, .. 


.. 50 


Rohert Paddon, . . 


1800, .. 


.. 61 


Benjamin Paddon, . . .... 


1839, .. 


.. 71 


Mrs. Eliza Guise, . . .... 


1779, . . 


.. 62 


A. F. Morris, . . 


1817, .. 




William Drinkwater, . . 


1775, .. 


.. 35 


Anna do. . . 


1727, .. 


.. 50 


John do. . . .... 


1746, .. 


.. 43 


Anne do. . . .... 


1750, .. 


.. 47 


Mercy do. . . .... 


1844, .. 


.. 74 


Thomas Miles, . . .... 


1802, .. 


.. 54 


Sarah Drinkwater, . . .... 


1714, .. 


.. 71 


Benjamin Clark, . . .... 


1733, .. 


.. 23 


Sarah Banks, . . .... 


178-5, .. 


...71 


John Clark, . . .... 


1788, .. 


.. 18 


Sarah Clark, . . 


1780, .. 


.. 42 


Thomas Clark, . . .... 


1804, ., 


...71 


EmmaBlagg, wife of Capt. James Blagg, 


1843, . 


...41 


Moses Bodicut, . . .... 


1728, . 


...80 


Anne Bodicut, . . 


1719, . 




William Banks, . . .... 


1750, . 




Moses Banks, . . .... 


1824 .. 


...84 


Mary Banks, . . 


1834, . 


. . . "90 


Langford, Lovel Mason, .... 


1804, . 




Samuel Kinder, . . .... 


1721, . 




Ruth, wife of J. Kinder, .... 


1721, . 




Charles Neuille, Esq., a gentleman of most 




ancient and noble family, .... 


1750, ., 


...54 


Blissit William Gould, Esq. .... 


1813, ., 


...60 


Lieut. E. Smith, Quarter- Master of 


the 




Royal West Middlesex Militia .... 


1821, .. 


.. 32 


Sarah Ferrar, . . .... 


1834, .. 


.. 30 


Thomas Foxall, Esq., late Commander 


of 




the East India Service. 







66 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

The Chime of Bells in the Steeple, are thus inscribed — 

1. — Prosperity to all our worthy benefactors, 1713. 

2. — Thomas Lester, and Thomas Pack, Fecit. Doctor 
Wm. Chilcott, Minister. Thomas Hardwick, and Lewis 
Turner, Churchwardens, 1755. 

3. — Thomas Mears, Founder, London, 1840. Rev. John 
Stoddart, D.D. Vicar. Mr. Wm. Bunting, Mr. Thomas 
Hopkins, Churchwardens. 

4.— J. Le Hunt, B.A. Wm. Stebbs, Wm. Shackler, 
Chapelwardens. R. Phelps made me, 1718. 

5. — Thomas Mears and Son of London, Fecit. 1801. 

6, — In old English letters round this bell, is this 
inscription — 

" Sancta Maria Ora Pro Nobis." 
The Virgin Mary was the tutelar saint of John Redman, 
and this bell was no doubt presented by him about the 
year 1520, so that it has occupied its present position 
upwards of three centuries. 

List of the Communion Plate. — A silver spoon, three 
silver cups, a large silver flagon, three silver patens, a 
figure of St. Lawrence on the top of the Beedle's staff. 

With the Communion Plate are a cup and two salvers 
on which are engraven the arms of a Dowager Countess ; 
this coat, it is natural to suppose, is the arms of the donor, 
and the received opinion has been, that the plate was the 
gift of the Dowager Lady Capel, of Tewkesbury and of 
Kew, a benefactress, by will, to the Charity School ; but 
it is more probable to have been the gift of the Countess 
Dowager of Northumberland. 

The arms, by the Coronet, are the arms of a Dowager 
Countess ; and Lord Capel, whose widow Lady Capel was, 
never had any other title than Baron Capel, of Tewkesbury ; 
besides, the arms are not the Capel arms, being only a 
Lion rampant, the colours not expressed, whereas the 
Capel arms are Gules, a lion rampant, between three cross 
crosslets fitchee ; or further, his name was Bennett, and the 
arms on her monument in Kew Chapel, are the same as 



THE CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 67 

Lord Tankerville's, nothing resembling the female arms 
in the engraving. 

Algernon, Earl of Northumberland, who died in 1688, 
had for his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Theophilus, 
Earl of Suffolk. The fashion of the plate is that of the end 
of the seventeenth century. She lived a Dowager from 
1688 to 1705, and the first quartering in the Percy arms 
is Or, a Lion rampant, azure. The female coat on the 
plate is merely the Howard arms, except the bend is 
marked as Gules not Argent, the crosslets are not fitchee, 
and the charge on the bend is the Howard arms omitted. 
Hence, a fair conjecture arises, that the coat of arms 
is that of the Countess Dowager of Northumberland, 
engraved by some ignorant hand ; and her inhabitancy of 
Sion House, adjoining the township, supports the conjec- 
ture, either that she gave the plate, or that it was bought 
after her death in 1705. 

The under-mentioned are selected from a " schedoule" of 
what belonged to the Chappel of New Brentford, taken 
the 27th day of September, by the Minister and Chappell- 
wardens in the year 1669, 
" One large folio Bible. 
The Books of Common Prayer, one lost by the flood, 

April 26, 1682. 
A Book of Homilyes. 

Erasmus, Paraphrase on the Gospell, lost by the flood. 
One Book of Canons. 
The Parchment Register Books. 

One little Booke of Collections and Distribution - of Almes. 
Six Books of Formes of Prayers to be used on several 

occasions. 
One silver Chalice, gilt. 
One Poor's-box with two locks 
One Chest with three locks and keys. 
One Chest of Armour. 

Twelve leather Buckets. Two fyer hooks in the Churche 
and two in Market-place. One silver Bell, Pin, Collar, 
and Ball used at Whitsontide." 

f2 



68 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



INCUMBENTS from 1650 to 1842. 



I Lambeth MS. Library. 



Death of Vincent. 



1650 John Bennett 
1654 Robert Gorden 
1657 Abriel Borfit, M.A. 
1675 John Franklyn, M.A. 
1694 Samuel Packer. 
1707 John Le Hunt, B.A. 
1726 William Chilcott, D.D. 
1729 Thomas Vincent. 
1743 Daniel Burnaby, M.A. 

1760 John Home Tooke. (Resigned in 1769, but his 
name is not entered in the Bishop's Registry.) 
1780 Sam. Glasse, D.D. Death of Burnaby. 

1785 G. H. Glasse, Clerk. Resig. Rev. Samuel 

Glasse, D.D. 

1786 John Evan Randall, M.A. Resig. G. H. 

Glasse, Clerk. 
1803 T.Whipham, Clerk. DeathofJ.E.Randall,M.A. 
1805 William Ambor Keating, Clerk. Resig. Thos. 

Whipham. 
1808 Sir Robert Peat, D.D. Resig. W. A. Keating. 
1837 John Stoddart, D.D. Death of Sir R. Peat. 
1842 Geo. Harrison, M.A. Resig. J. Stoddart, D.D, 

John Franklyn, M.A. was, by the agreement of a vestry 
and consent of the Rector of Hanwell, elected to be their 
Minister in the Chappel of New Brentford, in whose time 
the Church House was re-built, William Barker, and 
George Lewis being Churchwardens.* 

J. Le Hunt, B.A. succeeded Mr. Packer, he was appointed 
Curate by the nomination of the Rev. Roger Rogerson, 
Rector of Hanwell, by whom he was recommended to the 
Bishop of London for his license which he received on the 
ninth of July, 1707. He was the first who refused to be 
chosen by the town's people, who had usurped a power of 



be 



d 



bo 

o 



d 

d 
o 



o 

CO 



Parish Register, Sept. 18, 1075. 



INCUMBENTS. 69 

electing their own curate, contrary to the rules of the 
Church.* 

In the year 1760, Mr. Horxe was admitted a priest of 
the Church of England, and in the course of the same 
year he was appointed Assistant Minister, under Mr Bur- 
naby, the Rector of Hanwell, and officiated for nine years, 
as appears by his signature in the Parish registers. He 
administered every possible comfort to the poor, and was 
regular in his attention to the sick, a circumstance attended 
with a double portion of consolation ; for not content with 
praying with those who desired it, he actually studied the 
healing art, for the express purpose of relieving the com- 
plaints of such as were unable to pay for medical advice. 
He was accustomed to plume himself on the cures he had 
performed ; and often observed, that although physic was 
said to be a problematical art, he believed that his medical, 
were fully as efficacious as his spiritual labours. 

In the year 1773, Mr. Home, equally marked throughout 
life by eccentricity of character and singularity of fortune, 
resigned his Church preferment, and resumed the study 
of the law.f 

The Rev. G. H. Glasse distinguished himself in the early 
part of his life as a classical scholar, and possessed a 
remarkable facility of writing Greek verses. In 1781, he 
published a Greek translation of Mason's Caractacus, and 
in 1788, a translation of Milton's Samson Agonistes into 
the same language, both in verse. Dr. Glasse published 
Contemplations on the Sacred History, 4 vols. 12mo. (1792), 
Louisa, a Narrative of Facts, supposed to be on the myste- 
rious History of the Lady of the Hay Stack, translated 
from the French; a volume of Sermons on various subjects, 
1793; another volume altered from Bishop Beveridge, 
1804; and several single Discourses. He was a frequent 
contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine, under the signa- 
ture E. E. A.$ 

Sir Robert Peat was Curate for several years before he 



Parish Register. + Stephens' Life of Tooke, vol. i. p. 33. 

I Gent. Mag. 



70 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



was appointed to the living. He had been Chaplain to, 
and a great confidant of his Majesty George the Fourth, 
who, while Prince of Wales, procured him, in 1808, this 
preferment. He was in the Commission of the Peace for 
the district of the Tower of London, and was Prior or 
Prelate of the sixth language of the Sovereign order of 
St. John of Jerusalem, and Senior Knight Grand Cross 
of Stanislaus of Poland. The license to accept this order 
was granted in 1804, by George the Third, as a special 
mark of royal favour, Sir Robert Peat being at that time 
a clergyman. The sixth, or English language above-men- 
tioned, of the most ancient of all the orders of knighthood 
has been revived in this country, and is a corporation 
with the other seven nations or languages. Sir Robert 
Peat died in 1837, and was buried in the Church* His 
library, containing a good collection of Theological works, 
and of Greek and Latin Classics, was sold by Mr. Leigh 
Sotheby, on the 23rd and 24th of June of that year. 

The Rev. Dr. Stoddart, who succeeded Sir Robert 
Peat, is the eldest son of the Rev. John Stoddart, of 
Northampton, who was for many years Curate of All 
Saints Church, and also for more than thirty years the 
very able and much respected Head Master of the Grammar 
School in that town. Dr. Stoddart was a Fellow of Clare 
Hall, Cambridge, and took his doctor's degree in that 
University, in the year 1836. He was the Curate and 
Incumbent of the parish of New Brentford for more than 
fourteen years, and also Vicar of Pattishall, in North- 
amptonshire, which living was presented to him by the 
late Lord Chancellor Eldon, in the year 1819. In addition 
to his duties at New Brentford, he was for more than 
eight years Chaplain to the Middlesex County Lunatic 
Asylum at Han well, from its first opening in 1831 to 
1839, which office he resigned in consequence of the great 
increase of patients admitted into that institution, and the 
increased duties required of the Chaplain ; and in 1842, 
he was presented to the Rectories of Lo wick and Islip, near 

* Gent, Mag. 1837 



INCUMBENTS. 71 

Thrapston, in the county of Northampton, by the Duke of 
Dorset, and appointed his Grace's domestic Chaplain. 
During his residence at New Brentford, he was much 
respected by the higher orders for his exemplary discharge 
of his duties as a parish priest, and his zeal in promoting 
the welfare of the different charitable institutions belonging 
to that place ; and by the lower orders he was much 
beloved for his benevolent and unceasing efforts in behalf 
of their temporal as well as spiritual wants ; and thus 
possessing alike the confidence of both, he was the channel 
of continually communicating the bounty of the one, to 
relieve the wants and necessities of the other. 

The value of his services as Chaplain to the County 
Lunatic Asylum, will be best appreciated by the following- 
extract from the Minutes of the Visiting Magistrates or 
Justices of that asylum, at a Meeting held on Thursday, 
the 18th of July, 1839. 

" Resolved, That the Committee of the Visiting Justices 
of the Han well Lunatic Asylum, cannot accept the discon- 
tinuance of the valuable labours of the Rev. Dr. Stoddart, 
as Chaplain of that Establishment, without expressing 
their high sense of the zeal, ability, judgment, and 
kindness, with which, from the commencement of the 
Asylum, he has uniformly fulfilled his duties of that 
appointment, and that having communicated these senti- 
ments in their la^t Report, (the Fiftieth) to the Court of 
Quarter Sessions, a copy of that Report be transmitted by 
the Clerk to the Rev. Dr. Stoddart," 

" Charles Wright, Clerk. 
" Sessions House, Clerkenwell, 
" 30th July, 1839." 



Upon the resignation of the Rev. Dr. Stoddart, the 
Rev. G. Harrison, M.A. was presented by the Rev. Dr. 
Walmsley, Rector of Hanwell, the Patron, and was 
appointed without personal application, or even knowledge, 
except what he had learned from the Bishop of London, 



72 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

in whose diocese the Rev. Mr. Harrison had officiated nine 
years, and was by his lordship recommended to fill this 
important appointment. 

CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS, 

From 1529 to 1818, copied from the front of the Galleries 
of the Church. 

1529. Henry Redman, and Joan his wife, bequeathed 
to the parishioners of Brentford, a rent charge 
of Six Pounds annually for ever, issuing out of 
premises in this township. 

1624. John Middleton, of Northaw, in Herts., Esq., gave 
by will, Five Pounds issuing out of certain 
premises near Battle Bridge, in St. Olive's 
parish, Southwark, to be distributed among the 
poor of this township annually. 

1659. Dame Mary Spencer, of Boston House, devised a 
yearly rent charge of Six Pounds on the Butts' 
Closes, for apprenticing one poor boy of this 
township annually. 

1668. Richard Andrews, Citizen of London, gave Twenty 
Pounds towards a stock for the poor of this 
township. 

1673. Ann Hubbold, widow, gave Ten Pounds to 
increase the above stock. 

In the year 1694, these sums, amounting to 
Thirty Pounds, were applied towards building 
a new gallery in the Church, reserving Thirty- 
six shillings to be paid to the poor of this town- 
ship annually, out of the rents of the pews. 

1692. The Right Hon. John, Lord Ossulston, gave for 
apprenticing one poor child of this township 
yearly, the interest of One Hundred Pounds, 
This amounted, A.D. 1820, with accumulations, 
to One Hundred and Ninety Pounds in the Three 
per Cents. 

1721. Dorothy, Lady Capel, Baroness of Tewkesbury, 
who died in 1721, gave the twelfth part of the 
rent of her farm and lands called Parry, alias 



CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. io 

Perry Court, with closes and lands thereto 
"belonging, situate in Preston, Faversham, 
Ospring, and Luddenham, in the county of 
Kent, to the trustees of the charity schools in 
this township. 

1741. James Townshend, of Brentford Butts, Esq. to be 
distributed to the poor of this township, the 
interest of one hundred pounds. 

1766. Mary Williams, of Shrewsbury, widow, to be 
distributed to the poor of this township, the 
interest of Five Pounds. 

These sums purchased One Hundred Pounds 
New South Sea Annuities. The interest is 
distributed to the poor of this township annually. 

1793. James Parker, Esq. gave by will, Five Hundred 
Pounds, Three per Cent. Consolidated Bank 
Annuities, the interest thereof to be applied 
towards the clothing, maintenance, and education 
of the charity children of this township. 

1796. James Clitherow, of Boston House, Esq. gave a 
messuage and cottages to be used by the poor of 
this township, as a workhouse for ever. 

1814. John Bennett, the interest of One Hundred 
Pounds, Three per Cent. Consols, annually, to 
poor persons of this township, not receiving- 
parochial relief. 

1817. Josiah Holford, Esq. gave One Hundred Pounds, 

Four per Cent, consolidated Bank Annuities 
upon trust, the interest thereof to be applied for 
the benefit of the charity schools in this town- 
ship. 

1818. Eliza Pitt, widow, gave by will, Two Hundred 

Pounds, Three per cent. Consolidated Bank 
Annuities, the interest thereof to be applied for 
the benefit of the charity school in this township. 
Also, Three Hundred Pounds Three per cent.; 
the interest to be distributed annually in coals, 
to fifty poor persons residing in New Brentford 
and the half acre 



74 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



Legacies and Benefactions to the Charity Schools. 



1719. Mrs. Tash 

1735. Mrs. Justoils 

1809. Mr. Carter, who was brought up in 

the School 
1722. Mr. Fox 
1747. Mrs. Moore 
1724. Mrs. E. Holford 
1768. Mr. Whitehead 
1729. Sir Charles Eyres 
1809. Brentford Volunteers 

These sums, with other small donations, from the year 
1715, have been invested in the Three per Cent. Consols ; 
the amount of Stock at this time, 1820, is Nine Hundred 
Pounds. 

The chandelier in the church is thus incribed : — " The 
gift of the Maidens and Batchelors of New Brentford, 
1704." 



£105 








20 








20 








10 








20 








100 








10 








100 








10 









1843. — The Committee appointed by the Parishioners 
on the 27th June, to enquire into the state of the parish 
Charities, beg to report that they have examined the books 
and papers relative to the same, and find them in the state 
under-mentioned : — 

No. 1. — Henry Redman's charity. Six trustees are 
living, to be renewed when not less than two, by the 
survivors. £6. yearly. 

Trustees. — John Drinkwater, Christopher Glover, John 
Winkworth, David Newman, Henry Sexton, Wm. Cooke. 

No. 2. — John Middleton's Will. £5. yearly, are 
received from a house now the sign of the Plymouth 
Aims, Mill Lane, Tooley Street, Southwark, by the 
churchwardens for the time being. 

No. 3. — Lady Spenser's Gift of £6., being a rent- 
charge on the Butts' Closes, paid to the Churchwardens 
annually, by Mr. Crighton. 

No. 4. — Andrew's and Rubbold's charity of £1. 16s. 
paid by the Minister to the churchwardens annually, from 
the proceeds of the Pew Rents of the north Gallery. 



CHARITY SCHOOLS. 75 

No. 5. — Ossulston's Charity for apprenticing poor 
children ; £200. consols, produce £6. per annum. Five 
trustees were appointed, four are now living who have 
the power of filling up the vacancies. Trustees — John 
Winkworth, Abraham Best, G. F. Searle, W. Tomson. 

No. 6. — £ 100. New South Sea Annuities, bought with 
Mr. Townsend's and Mrs. Williams's Legacy. Mr. Glover 
is the only surviving trustee. The Minister and Church- 
wardens are empowered to fill up the vacancies in the 
trustees. 

No. 7. — John Bennett left £100. 3 per cents, reduced, 
to the Minister and Churchwardens in trust. Mr. Welch 
is the only surviving trustee. The Minister and Church- 
wardens are empowered to appoint. 

No. 8.— Elizabeth Pitt left £300. 3 per cents, to the 
Minister and churchwardens in trust. Mr. Waters and 
Mr. Harriman, now living at Greenwich, being the sur- 
viving trustees. 

Signed, Geo. Harrison, Minister. 

John Snapp, ] 

t i, -n r Churchwardens. 

John Dexter,] 

P. Glover, David Waters, W. Welch. 

The various sums left for school pur-poses are vested in 

Trustees and funded; the interest of which amount to 

£51. 5s. 



PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS AND CHARITABLE 
INSTITUTIONS. 

The Infant School. — This school, for the instruction 
of boys and girls, was established by subscription in 1703, 
and a piece of ground, the intended site of a school-house, 
was conveyed from Richard Overs to trustees, by lease and 
release, dated the 28th and 29th May, 1718, in considera- 
tion of £21., upon which a school-house was built at the 
expense of £ 110, which was raised by subscription. Lady 
Capel, by her will, dated 1719, endowed it with the 12th 
part of an estate at Faversham, in Kent, now amounting 



76 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

to about £30. per annum, which, by the tenor of her will, 
must be received by a person regularly appointed for that 
purpose, on the 12th of May, in Kew Chapel. 

Two larger rooms and dwellings having been built 
for the boys and girls respectively, this is now used as an 
infant school for the children of both sexes. 

Trustees.— Rev. J. Stodclart, D. D. ; G. F. S. Searle ; 
Joseph Hill ; Samuel Smallwood ; Robert T. Fletcher ; 
H. J. Robinson. 

The Boys' School in the Ham, conducted on the 
national system. In the year 1818, Col. James Clitherow, 
a liberal benefactor to this charity, granted a piece of 
ground, which was conveyed by him to trustees " for 
educating poor boys of the township of New Brentford, 
parish of Ealing, and the parish, and parishes near or 
adjoining thereto," and on which a new school room, capable 
of containing two hundred boys, has been erected, at an 
expense of £1,028, raised by subscription. 

An additional piece of ground was conveyed by Colonel 
Clitherow to trustees, (being the same persons as before 
named, for the infant school) on which a house of residence 
for the master was built in 1843, at the cost of £247. 14s., 
towards which Miss Clitherow contributed £100. The 
sum of £84. 10s. 6d. was raised by subscription, and 
£63. Ss. 6d. from the general funds of the schools. 

The total of receipts for the year 1844, were £248. 9s. lOd. 
The disbursements, £269. 4s. lid., leaving a balance, of 
£20. 15s. Id., which was subsequently paid by Mrs. and 
Miss Clitherow. Mrs. Clitherow is the treasurer for the 
schools, and the Rev. G. Harrison, secretary- The trustees 
are, John Clarke, John Drinkwater, Rev. John Morris, D.D. 
William Cooke, Christopher P. Glover. 

The Girls' School in the Half Acre. — Among the 
chief improvements which have taken place in New 
Brentford, has been the erection of a new and capacious 
School Room, situate in the Half Acre, for the Girls of 
New Brentford, together with a house for the residence of 





IBIEMlHriP 



M&m,'KBT H(Q)W^Ii« 



CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 77 

the Mistress ; a building well adapted to the purpose for 
which it was intended, and very ornamental to that part 
of the parish. It was designed by Henry Moseley, Esq. 
Architect, and is in the gothic style adopted in the age 
of the Tudors. 

To the late Col. Clitherow the parish is much indebted 
for this most important addition to the means of educating 
the lower classes. Towards the erection of this building, 
the Committee were enabled to obtain from the National 
Society and the Treasury, the sum of £190. and they 
received from G. Cooper, Esq. a very liberal donation to 
the parish of a considerable portion of the site which was 
required for its erection. In addition to these grants, a 
balance of about £480. remaining from a bequest to the 
parish, by the late James Clitherow, Esq. for the purpose 
of building a workhouse, was, by the consent of the 
parishioners, appropriated towards the erection of this 
new School, after their proportion of the new Union Work- 
house had been discharged. The remaining part of the 
cost of this building, and the expense of the conveyance 
of the property to certain trustees were entirely defrayed 
by the late Col. Clitherow, who on this, and as on many 
other occasions, fully entitled himself to the gratitude and 
esteem of the inhabitants of New Brentford. 

The following are the number of children attending the 
respective schools ; — 



New ] 


Jrentford. < 


31d Brentford 


. Brentford End. 


Total. 


Boys, 


48 


19 


29 


96 


Girls, 


40 


14 


8 


62 


Infants 


62 


29 


8 


99 



150 62 45 257 



Boys clothed, 12. Girls clothed 12. 

The Trustees for the Girls' school, are the same as those 
for the Infants' school. 



78 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

NEW BRENTFORD DISTRICT VISITING 
SOCIETY, 

For the relief of the Sick and Lying-in Poor, and for pro- 
moting their general welfare and improvement. 

President, — The Rev. George Habrison, M.A 

Treasurer, — Mr. George Fulham Searle. 

Secretary, — Mr. H. J. Radcliffe, 

And Ten lady Visitors. 

This charity was established in the year 1838. At a 
general meeting of the subscribers and friends, held at the 
girls' school-room at the Butts, Colonel Clitherow in the 
chair, the Rev. Dr. Stoddart, the Vicar, having stated 
the necessity for such a Society in this populous parish, 
and the success which had already attended his applica- 
tion for subscriptions and donations, proposed certain 
rules and regulations, which were adopted. 
Midsummer Report, — 1844. 

Receipts £34 8 9 | Disbursements £33 8 11 

In the Savings Bank, £86 1 3 



BRENTFORD DISPENSARY, 

For the relief of the sick and diseased Poor, of Brentford 
and the neighbourhood. This benevolent institution was 
first founded in the year 1818. 

Officers. — Henry Pownall, Esq. President; George 
Oliver, Esq. Treasurer ; Rev. G. Harrison, Secretary. 

Lady-day Report, 1844. 

General Statement of the Number of Patients admitted, Sfc. 

since the origin of the Institution, March 25, 1818. 

Number of Patients cured and relieved 9,396 \ 

Ditto under cure March 25th, 1844 87.1 9,901 

Ditto who have died 468 j 

Midwifery Tickets (value 5s. each) distributed to poor married Women 2,352 

Total number of persons who have received assistance since the insti- 
tution of this excellent charity 12,253 

Of the above number Four Thousand Five Hundred and Seventy have been 
attended at their own houses. 

Dr. £157. ll.s. U. Or. £133. 12s. Id. 



CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 79 



SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN 
KNOWLEDGE. 

Patron,— HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 

President,— The Rev. T. T. WALMSLEY, D.D. Rector of Hanwell. 

Treasurer,— Rev. G. HARRISON, M.A. 

Secretary.— Rev. F. E. THOMPSON, B.A. 

It was deemed advisable at the commencement of the 
year 1842, to establish one for this populous neighbour- 
hood, and the sanction of the Diocesan, the Lord Bishop 
of London, having been obtained, a Committee was formed 
for Brentford and its vicinity. It immediately received 
the countenance of many of the nobility, clergy, and prin- 
cipal gentry residing within the district, and its proceedings 
were commenced according to rules and regulations in 
strict conformity with those of the Parent Society. 

Report for 1844. 
Receipts £97. 16*. %d. | Payments £99. 15s. 2d. 

Twenty pounds of which is a benefaction to the Parent 
Society. 

The Schools and the poor are supplied at a reduction of 
one-third of the members' prices. 

Books, &c. sold during the year 1844 : — 

Common Prayers 
Bibles Testaments. and Psalters. Books, Tracts, &c. Total. 

193 166 260 3488 4107 

Books &c. sold since the establishment of the committee 
in 1822 ;— 

Common Prayers 
Bibles. Testaments. and Psalters. Books, Tracts, &c. Total. 

2787 1593 5781 60148 70209 

The Depository for Books is at the shop of Messrs. 
P. and M. A. Norburv, New Brentford. 



80 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



BRENTFORD AND EALING SAVINGS' BANK. 

This institution was established in the year 1818, for 
the benefit of the industrious and provident of Brentford, 
Ealing, Acton, Hanwell, Heston, and the neighbourhood. 

Patron, — His Grace the Duke of Northumberland. 

President. — Henry Pownall, Esq. 

Vice-Presidents. — Rev. W. Antrobus, G. Baillie, Esq., 
Rev. Dr. Benson, Sir F. Booth, Bart., T. Farmer, Esq., 
Rev. G. Harrison, M.A., J. Hazard, Esq., G. Oliver, Esq., 
Rev. H. Trimmer, G. Wood Esq. 

Treasurer. — Mr. Williams. 

Trustees. — T. Farmer, Esq., Mr. Gibson, Rev. G. Har- 
rison, M.A., J. Hazard, Esq., G. Oliver, Esq. H. Pownall, 
Esq., Mr. J. Sexton, G. Wood, Esq. 

Secretary. — J. Hill. 



Dr. 

To Principal due to \ 
1398 Depositors I 
on the 20th of t 
November, 1844 ) 

To Twelve Months' 1 
Interest on ditto j 

To Cash on separate 
Surplus Fund Ac- 
count, accrued 



within the year 



,654 16 7 



1,160 



9 18 3 



£39,825 



Cr. £. s- d. 

By Cash in the hands \ 

of Government, at! „„„,, ., n 

Interest on the20thf ' iJ >' 04 10 u 

of November, 1844 j 
By Cash in Trea-1 

surer's Hands . . . . j 



'0 7 4 



£39,825 2 4 



Progress of this Bank during the past Year, ending November 20th, 1844: — 

£. s. d. 

To Sums received of Depositors within tbe Year 9,189 7 8 

By Sums paid to Depositors, including Interest, within the Year 7,468 7 6 



Increased Sum deposited this Year £1,721 2 



1398 Accounts open November 20th, 1844. 
1367 Ditto Ditto, 1843. 



31 additional Accounts opened within tbe Year. 



SINGULAR AND CURIOUS EXTRACTS. 81 



SINGULAR AND CURIOUS EXTRACTS FROM 
THE PARISH BOOKS. 

1620. It appears that the Poor's Rates of this period 
were chiefly raised by profits accruing from the celebration 
of public sports and diversions, at stated times of the year, 
particularly at Whitsuntide. 

The chapelwardens account books contain several 
curious entries upon this subject, of which the following 
are copies : 

Payments made for the Parish Games. 

s. d. 

1620. Paid for Gboules 8 

For 6 tynn tokens 6 

For a pair of pigeon holes 1 6 

1621. At a Vestry held in 1621, several articles were 
agreed upon with regard to the management of the Parish 
Stock, by the chapelwardens. 

The preamble states, " that the inhabitants had for 
many years been accustomed to have meetings at Whit- 
sontide, in their church-house, and other places there, in 
friendly manner, to eat and drink together, and liberally 
spend their monies, to the end neighbourly society might 
be maintained ; and, also a common stock raised for the 
repairs of the church, maintaining of orphans, placing poor 
children in service, and defraying other charges," which 
stock not having been properly applied, it was ordered, 
that a particular account should be given from year to 
year, of their gains at those times, and the manner of the 
expenditure. It may be observed, that these games are 
of later date, and cliffer materially from those noticed at 
Kingston-upon-Thames.* 

£. s. d. 
1621. Paid Goodwife Ansell for pigeon holes 16 

Paid for the games 1 1 

1625. Paid for drumbe, sticks, and case .... 16 
For two heads of the drumbe 2 8 



Lysons's Environs, vol. Hi. p. 170. 
G 



82 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

£. 
1630. Received of Robert Bickleye for the 

use of our games 

Of the said Robert Bickleye for a silver 

bar which was lost at Elyng 

1684. Paid for the silver games 

1643. Paid to Thomas Powell for pigeon holes 



3 


6 


1 


8 


o 






Gained by hocking, at Whitsontide £16. 12s. 3d. 

1618, July 12, the hocking occurs almost every year 
till 1640, when it appears to have been dropt. It was 
collected at Whitsuntide. 

The other games were continued two years later. Rifiling 
is synonymous with raffling. 

The popular holiday, of Hock-Day, mentioned by 
Matthew Paris and other ancient writers, was usually kept 
on Tuesday following the second Sunday after Easter-day, 
and was distinguished by various sportive pastimes, in 
which the towns people, divided into parties, were accus- 
tomed to draw each other with ropes. Spelman says, 
" they consisted in the men and women binding each 
other, and especially the women, and hence it was called 
binding Tuesday." It was customary for the men to hock 
the women on the Monday, and the women the men on 
Tuesday ; that is, on that day the women in merriment 
stop the ways with ropes, and pull the passengers to 
them, desiring something to be laid out in pious uses in 
order to obtain their freedom. Such are the general 
outlines of this singular custom, which some think was 
held in remembrance of the massacre of the Danes, or of 
the death of Hardicanute, which happened on Tuesday, 
the 8th of June, 1041, by which event the English were 
delivered from their intolerant government; and this 
opinion seems very probable. The state of slavery in 
which the wretched Saxons were held by their imperious 
lords was awful, and the donations for " pious uses," may be 
considered as'a tacit acknowledgment of gratitude to heaven 
for freeing the nation from bondage. Hock-day was 



SINGULAR AND CURIOUS EXTRACTS. 83 

generally observed as lately as the sixteenth century. 
Spelman informs us, that it was not totally discontinued 
in his time.* 

£. s. d. 
1621, August 12th, Paid to her that was Lady 

at Whitsontide, by consent 5 

Paid for a beast for the parish use .... 2 6 8 

The Whitsuntide holidays were celebrated by various 
pastimes commonly practised upon other festivals ; but on 
the Monday after Whitsun week at Brentford, a fat ox 
was provided, and the maidens of the town, having their 
thumbs tied behind them, were permitted to run after it ; 
and she, who with her mouth took hold of the ox, was 
declared Lady of the Ox, which being killed and cleaned, 
but with the skin hanging upon it, was carried on a long 
pole before the lady and her companions, to the Butts 
Common, attended with music and a morrice dance of 
men, and another of women. The rest of the day was 
spent in mirth and merry glee. Next day the beast, partly 
baked, and partly boiled, was served up for the lady's 
feast, where she sat majestically at the upper end of the 
table, and her companions with her. 

It appears by the above extract, that the part of the 
lady was performed by a woman, who was paid for her 
trouble. 

The morrice dance was frequently joined to processions 
and pageants, and especially to those appropriated for the 
celebration of the May games. On these occasions, the 
Hobby-horse, or a Dragon, with Robin Hood, the Maid 
Marian, with other characters, supposed to have been the 
companions of that famous outlaw, made a part of the 
dance. In latter times the morrice dance was frequently 
introduced on the stage. A modern writer speaks of a set of 
morrice dancers who went about the country, consisting of 
about ten men who danced, besides the Maid Marian, and 
one who played upon the pipe and tabor.f 



Archseologia, vol. vii. p. 224. Spelman's Glos. voc. Hock-clay. 
+ Dr. Johnson's Diet, word, Morrice Dance. 



84 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

1623, July 4th, Received for the May Pole, £1. 4s. 

The celebration of the May Games took place on the 
first of May, the juvenile part of both sexes were accus- 
tomed to walk to some neighbouring wood, accompanied 
with music, where they broke down branches from the 
trees, and adorned them with nosegays and crowns of 
flowers, and returned with their booty homewards, and 
made their doors and windows triumph with their spoils, 
and the after part of the day was spent in dancing round 
a tall pole, called a May Pole, which being placed in a 
convenient part of the village, stood there as it were, con- 
secrated to the Goddess of Flowers. In the celebration 
of May Games, the youth divide themselves into two 
troops, the one in livery, the other in the habit of the 
spring. No doubt the May Games have been long standing, 
though the time of their institution cannot be traced. 
Mention is made of the May Pole at Cornhill, in a Poem 
called, the " Chaunce of the Dice," attributed to Chaucer. 

In the time of Stow, who died in 1605, they were not 
conducted with so great splendour as they had been for- 
merly, owing to a dangerous riot which took place upon 
May Day, 1517, in the ninth year of Henry the Eighth, 
upon which occasion several foreigners were slain, and 
two of the ringleaders were killed.* 

The chimney sweepers of London have also singled out 
the first of May for their festival, at which time they 
parade the streets in companies, disguised in various 
manners. 



1624. " In the accompts for Whitsontide ale, 
gains are thus discriminated. £. 

Imprimis, cleared by pigeon holes .... 4 

Hocking 7 

By riffiling 2 

By victualling 8 






," the 


s. 


cl 


19 





3 


4 











2 



£22 2 6 

See Brand's Pop. Antiq. chap. 25, 



SINGULAR AND CURIOUS EXTRACTS. 85 

1625. Paid for a coffin to draw the infected corpses, 8d. 

A dreadful plague broke out in the metropolis, and 
carried off, in the course of the twelvemonth, upwards of 
35,000 persons. Brentford and Ealing appear to have 
shared deeply in this calamity, and great numbers died in 
consequence, and were buried in the fields, still known 
by the name of " Dead Man's Graves." 



SCHOLARS BEGGING. 

1638. Given to a Knight's son in Devonshire, being out 
of means, 6d. 

To protect persons driven to seek alms, Justices of the 
peace, were empowered to grant lieenses to beg, within a 
certain precinct ; but in another statute, the first denounced 
as vagabonds are, " all persons calling themselves scholars, 
going about begging," and they were subject to have their 
right ears burned through with a hot iron, their breast 
branded, and to be assigned as a slave, which in certain 
aggravated cases of vagabondism, was awarded to the 
wretched mendicant.* 

1634. Paid for a Book of Sporting allowed on Sundays, 6d. 

In 1617, King James published his famous Book of 
Sports, by which the populace were tolerated to exercise 
certain recreations and pastimes on the Lord's day, and 
all parochial incumbents were enjoined to read the same 
in their respective Churches on pain of the king's dis- 
pleasure ; — 

" Now out of a like pious case for the service of God, 
and for the suppression of any humours that oppose truth, 
and for the ease, comfort, and recreation of our well 
deserving people, we do ratify and publish this our 
father's declaration ; and we further will, that publication 
of this our command be made, by order from the bishops 
through all our parish Churches of their several dioceses 
respectively. 

* 22 Hen. VII. c. 12. 1 Edw. VI. e. 8. U Eliz. e. 5. 39 Eliz. c. 4. 



86 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

" Given at our Palace of Westminster, the 18th day of 
October, in the ninth year of our reign." 

1634, August 13. Paid Robert Warden, the constable, 
which he disbursed for conveying away the witches, 65. 

It appears that the witches of Brentford were very 
notorious at the beginning of the seventeenth century; 
frequent allusions are made to them by Shakspeare and 
others : 

Mrs. Ford. — My maid's aimt, the fat women of Brentford, has a gown above. 

Mrs. .Ford. — I would my husband would meet him in this shape: he cannot 
abide the old woman at Brentford, he swears she's a witch, forbade her my 
house, and has threatened to beat her. 

Mrs. Ford. — But is my husband coming. 

Mrs. Page. — Nay, but he'll be here presently, let's go dress him like the 
witch of Brentford. 

Falstaff. — What tell'st thou me of black and blue, I was beaten myself into 
all the colours of the rain bow, and I was likely to be apprehended for the 
witch of Brentford; but, that my admirable dexterity of wit, counterfitting the 
action of a mad woman, delivered me, the knave constable has set me in the 
stocks for a witch.* 

The belief in witchcraft at this period was very general, 
and the numerous trials and condemnation of those unfor- 
tunate persons suspected of this crime, are shocking to 
humanity, revolting to our" christian feelings, and reflect 
indelible disgrace upon the judges who condemned them. 

Fully impower'd to treat about 
Finding revolted witches out, 
And has not he within a year 
Hang'd three score of e'm in one shire. 

Htidlbras, b. ii. c. iii. b. 141. 

To deny the possibility, nay, actual existence of witch- 
craft and sorcery, is at once flatly to contradict the revealed 
word of God, in various passages both of the Old and 
New Testament ; and the thing itself is a truth, of which 
every nation in the world hath in its turn borne testimony, 
cither by examples seemingly well attested or by prohi- 
bitary laws ; which at least suppose the possibility of a 
commerce with evil spirits. The civil law punishes with 

* Merry Wives of Windsor, Art IV. Scene II. and IV, 



SINGULAR AND CURIOUS EXTRACTS. 87 

death not only the sorcerers themselves, bnt also those 
who consult them; imitating in the former the express 
law of God, that " thou shalt not suffer a witch to live," 
Exod. xxii. 18. And our own laws, both before and 
since the Conquest, have been equally penal, ranking this 
crime in the same class with heresy, and condemning both 
to the flames.* The ridiculous stories that are told, and 
the many impostures and delusions that have been dis- 
covered in all ages, are enough to demolish all faith in 
such dubious crimes, if the contrary evidence were not 
also extremely strong. 

Wherefore it seems to be the most eligible way to con- 
clude in the words of Mr Addison, " that in general there 
has been such a thing as witchcraft, though we cannot 
give credit to any particular modern instance of it."f 

When an old woman begins to dote and grow charge- 
able to the parish, she is generally turned into a witch, 
and fills the whole country with extravagant fancies, imagi- 
nary distempers, and terrifying dreams. 

In the mean time, the poor wretch that is the innocent 
occasion of so many evils, begins to be frightened at herself, 
and sometimes confesses secret commerces and familiarities, 
that her imagination forms in a delirious old age. 

This frequently cuts off charity from the greatest objects 
of compassion, and inspires people with a malevolence 
towards those decrepid parts of our species, in whom 
human nature is defaced by deformity and dotage. J 

1653. Among other articles in the hands of the chapel- 
wardens in 1653, was one little collar, a bell, one little 
bowl, and a pin of silver. 

1682. Parish armour — One chest of armour, parish 
" shedoule,"§ 1682. It appears that every parish was obliged 
to keep a certain portion of armour according to its size, 
which was exhibited once a year before the Justices. In 

* Blackstone, vol. iv. p. 60. + Spectator, vol. ii. No. 117. 

+ Hutchinson on Witchcraft, p. 81. § See p. 69. 



88 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

villages the armour was kept in the church, and was 
called the Church armour, or harness, as in the following, 
and other entries in the churchwardens' accounts at 
Lambeth. 

1568. For skouring the Church harness and carriage, 
and a man to wear it before the Justices, 3s. Sd* 

1688. Paid for a declaration of liberty of conscience, Is. 
Paid for a form of prayer for the Dutch first 

landingf .... .... .... Is. 

Paid for a thanksgiving for deliverance from 

poperyj .... .... .... Is. 

1695, Feb. 12. Alice and Elizabeth Pickering, 
wandering children, were whipped publicly according to 
law, and sent with a pass to Shrewsbury, the place where 
they were born. 

1699, Dec. 2. Ann Roberts, a vagrant, about 40 years 
of age, was whipped publicly according to law, in order 
to be passed from town to town till she comes to Gheton, 
which was the place of her last abode. 

* Allen's Hist, of Lambeth. 

+ So well concerted were the prince's measures, that in three days about 
400 transports were hired , the army quickly fell down the rivers and canals 
from Nimeguen ; the artillery, arms, stores, and horses, were embarked, and 
the Prince set sail, October 21st, from Helvoet Sluice, with a fleet of five 
hundred vessels, and an army of about 14,000 men. The Prince had a 
prosperous voyage and landed his army safely in Torbay, on the 5th of 
November, 1G88. — Hume. 

I Lysons's Environs, vol. iii. p. 170. 



THE MARKET AND FAIRS. 89 



CHAPTER IV. 



Market and Fairs — Charter of King Edward the First granted at the instance 
of Margaret, Queen of England to the Prioress and Nuns of St. Helen's, 
London, in their Manor of Brentford — History and Descent of the Propem 
of the Market and Fairs — Manor of Boston — the Clitherow Family — 
Biographical Account of the late Colonel Clitherow — the Butts — Ancient 
and Modern state, formerly a place for Archery — The spot used for the 
Election of the Members of Parliament — Eiots and Disturbances — Brent- 
ford Bridge — Ancient and Modern state — Boyal Grants. 



The Market and Fairs. — It has already been 
remarked, that Brentford was a place of importance at an 
early period, arising from its situation on the banks of our 
great river. But it appears that its proprietress, the 
prioress, and the nuns of St. Helen's, enjoyed but a small 
portion of the land, in comparison with her rich neighbour 
of Sion. As a compensation, however, she obtained in 
the thirty-fifth of Edward the First, the following charter. 

These important national documents may enable future 
historians to correct errors, and supply defects, and to 
clear up many obscurities in the History of England. In 
their important features the Charter Rolls differ very little 
from the enrolments of the King's Letters Patent. They 
consist of grants of privileges to cities, towns, corporations, 
and private trading companies, or guilds; grants of 
manors, lands, markets, fairs, free-warrens, fisheries, and 
other manorial rights to individuals, concessions of pri- 
vileges to religious houses ; in a few early instances copies 
of treaties with foreign princes, and, after the eleventh 
year of Edward the Second, of creation* of nobility. 



90 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



ROYAL CHARTER, 1807. 






Prrr fyviavf&K Santtce ) Rex Archiepiscopis, 
(BXcvtit Qonlian, ) &c. Saltjtem. Sciatis 
Nos ad instantiam Margarets Reginse Anglise 
consortis nostra? carissimse concecisse et hac 
carta nostra confirmasse dilectis nobis in Christo 
Priorissse et Monialibus Sanctae Elena? London 
quod ipsa et earum successores habeant unum 
mercatum singulis septimanis per diem Martis 
apud manerium suum de Brainford in comitatu 
Middlesex et unam feriam ibidem singulis annis 
per sex dies duraturum, videlicet in vigilia et in 
die Sancti Lawrentii et per quatuor dies proximo 
sequentes. Nisi mercatum illud et feria ilia 
sint ad nocumentum vicinorum mercatorum et 
vicinarum feriarum. Quare volumus&c. Nisi&c. 
Hiis testibus venerabilibus patribus, W. 
Archiepiscop Ebor. Anglise, Primati; W. 
Covent' et Lichfeld; J. Cicest; R. London; 
et J. Karliol, Episcopis; Henrico de Lacey 
Comite Lincoln; Thoma Comite Lancastr; 
Hugone Le Despenser ; Roberto de Cliffor'; 
Rogero de MortuiMari; Johanne de Hastang'; 
et aliis. Data per manum nostram apud 
Laurecourt xxiii. die Decembris.* 

* Rot. Chart. 35. Edw. 1. No. 49. 




ROYAL CHARTER. 






91 



dfav tfre t3ttrrr*& \ The King to the 
at Saint &t\m% %attvan t j Archbishops, &c. 
greeting : " Know ye that at the instance of 
Margaret, Queen of England, our dearly beloved 
Consort, we have granted, and by this Charter 
have confirmed unto our dear ly beloved in Christ, 
the Prioress and Sisters of Saint Helen's, Lon- 
don, that they and their Successors may hold a 
market once a week, on the Tuesday, in her 
Manor of Braynford,in the County of Middlesex, 
and a fair in the same place, to be holden during 
six days in every year : To wit, on the eve, and 
also on the day of Saint Lawrence, and for four 
days next ensuing, unless the said market shall 
be to the injury of the neighbouring markets 
and fairs, wherefore it is our pleasure, &c. 

Witnesses, The Bight Reverend Fathers, 
William, Archbishop of York, Primate of 
England; William Bishop of Coventry and 
Litchfield ; John, Bishop of Chichester ; Ralph, 
Bishop of London ; and John, Bishop of Carlisle ; 
Henry De Lacey,Earl of Lincoln; Thomas, Earl 
of Lancaster ; Robert De Clifford ; Roger De 
Mortuo Mari ; John De Hastang, and others. 

Given under our hand, at Laurecourt, the 
twenty-third day of December, Anno Domini 
MCCCVIL* 

* The principal distinction between a charter and a patent is, 
that the former was witnessed by such persons as were present 
when it was executed, whose testimony to its execution was 
necessary for its validity ; and that the latter was executed by 
the King himself. There is also a slight variation in the address. 
A Charter usually commenced in these words, " The King to all 
his Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Jus- 
tices, Sheriffs, Reeves, Ministers, and all his faithful subjects 
greeting ;" but a Patent commences thus : " The King to all 
whom these presents shall come, greeting." — See Description of 
Public Records, p. 40. Loud. 1831. 




92 



HISTOUV OF BllEXTFORT). 



After the dissolution of the priory, the right of this 
market and fair appears to have been lost sight of by the 
crown; as the Hawleys who had probably held it as 
tenants under the prioress, continued to hold it until the 
year 1610, thereby usurping the right of the crown, and 
withholding the ancient rent of twenty shillings a year 
which had been paid into the Exchequer by the prioress. 
King James, by his Letters Patent, dated the 18th of 
September, in the eighth year of his reign, abolished both 
the market and fair, and commanded the sheriff to make 
public proclamation thereof; but, in consideration of their 
great convenience to the inhabitants of that district, the 
king was induced at the same time to pardon the usur- 
pation, and grant a regular licence to James Hawley, Esq. ; 
to hold a like market and fair on the same days above- 
mentioned, reserving the whole rent of twenty shillings. 
The spot on which it was held in the grant is described 
as lying on the north "side of the highway, leading from 
Hounslow, through Brentford to London, between the 
Inn called the Three Pigeons, (sometimes called the Three 
Doves,) and a messuage belonging to William Payne, of 
Sutton Court, Esq. In 1619, Valentine Saunders pur- 
chased for the sum of £3,350.* this licence, as well as the 
land, and certain other houses and land thereunto adjoin- 
ing, and by his deed, dated the 9th of June, 1635,f he 
surrendered his license to King Charles the First, who 
was, therefore, graciously pleased to grant him a fresh 
patent, dated the 18th of June, in the eleventh year of 
his reign, empowering him to hold the weekly market as 
before, and two fairs on the 1st of September, J and the 
other one on the 6th of May, each to continue for six 
days, exclusive of Sundays and Tuesdays, at the former 
rent of twenty shillings. James Hawley, Esq. who had 

* Claus. 17. Jac. p. 14 and 37. 

+ Rot. Reg. Car. p. 6 and 20. Pat. II. Car. p. 8 and 9. 

I Eustachius, Abbot of Flay in Normandy, was one of the first ecclesiastics 
who preached against Sunday markets ; and pretended to have received a letter 
from heaven, written by the hand of God, in which he threatened to rain sticks 
and stones, and boiling water, on all who frequented them. — Henry's Great. 
Brit. v. p. 434. 






MARKETS AND FAIRS. 93 

repurchased of Saunders all his interest, obtained a licence 
from King Charles the Second to take down certain cot- 
tages to enlarge the market place, and to add two acres 
and a half of land lately purchased by him, on the south 
side of the road, and any other belonging to him ; the old 
site having become much too confined for the increased 
quantity of cattle, sheep, and other things brought thereto. 
The property in the market and fair, together with a 
license granted by King Charles the Second, dated the 
22nd of November, were, in the thirtieth year of his reign, 
granted to Anne Parish for a market every Thursday, for 
the sale of cattle and pigs. 

The property in the aforesaid market and fair was for 
many years vested in four persons, viz. Mr. Woodcock, 
Mr. Sullion, Mr. Home Tooke, and Mr. Lucas ; it after- 
wards passed to Mr. Woodcock, in 1768, who sold it to Mr. 
La Forest, father of William La Forest, Esq., who sold it 
to the late Mr. Crighton, the father of the present pro- 
prietor, who still further enlarged the space allotted to 
the fair, rendered necessary by the increasing population. 
Like all fairs in populous neighbourhoods, Brentford fair 
appears to have had its share of noisy sport and occasional 
disturbance ; for we find in Hudibrass 

And though you overcome the Bear, 
The Dogs beat you at Brentford Fair; 
Where sturdy Butcher's broke your noddle, 
And handled you like a fop doodle. 

Cant. III. p. 11. 1. 995. 

More recently the inhabitants of the neighbourhood of the 
fair became impatient of the indulgence allowed to the 
public at the fair, and meditating its entire suppression, 
consulted the late eminent council Mr. Alley, upon the 
probability of succeeding in the attempt ; but Mr. Alley 
being satisfied that the fail* was perfectly legal, and that 
no disturbances, or irregularities were committed, than 
what attend all such fairs gave them no encouragement, 
and the attempt was abandoned. But country fairs are at 
best but poor expedients for allaying the cravings of young 



94 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

persons for occasional amusements ; and the man who 
should succeed in introducing some wholesome and innocent 
recreation, to gratify the natural passion of youth for 
liveliness and joy, divested of those gross and immoral 
results, which fairs and their concomitant exhibitions 
produce, would entitle himself to the honour of being 
enrolled amongst the real benefactors of mankind. 

The weekly market on Tuesday is well supplied, and 
for the size of the town is very considerable, all kinds of 
butcher's meat may here be seen in profusion. Besides 
the stalls, there are exhibited a good supply of poultry, 
butter, cheese, and eggs ; fruit, vegetables, and green- 
house plants ; hardware, and brushes, earthenware, and 
glass ; fish in all its varieties, geese and pigs ; books and 
prints ; so that it presents more the appearance of a fair 
than a market. 

The Court of the Clerk of the Market, is established 
to punish misdemeanours therein ; as a court oi piepoudre is 
to determine all disputes relating to property. The object 
of this jurisdiction is principally the cognizance of weights 
and measures, to try whether they be according to the 
true standard, which standard was anciently committed to 
the custody of the bishop, who appointed some clerk 
under him to inspect them ; and hence this officer, though 
now usually a layman, is called the clerk of the market. 
This is the most inferior court of criminal jurisdiction in 
the kingdom, though the objects of its coercion were 
esteemed among the Romans of such importance to the 
public, that they were committed to the care of some of 
their most distinguished magistrates, the cumde cediles* 

Markets were originally established for the advantage 
of trade and commerce ; the Jews had their several 
markets in the city of Jerusalem. f The Romans held 
three markets in every month, and they were called 
Nundinal, quasi Novendincs, because they were held 
every ninth day. With us markets are very ancient, 

* See A. Gell. Noct. Attic, lib. 3. c. 18. Blackstoue's Com. iv. p. 275. 
f Ezek. xxvii. 13, 14, 17, 19. 



MARKETS AND FAIRS. 95 

and were thus denominated from the French word marche, 
which means emporium, forum nitndinorum, and signifies 
the liberty and privilege which a town has to keep 
a market ;* for in the time of the Saxons, markets and fairs 
were kept chiefly for the preservation of tolls, stallage, 
pickage, and other profits, belonging to the king's 
revenue ; therefore all things were required to be sold 
in great towns, castles, and ports, only in the presence of 
the magistrates of the place, or king's officer, as appears 
by a law made in the time of king Edward, who began 
his reign in the year 900. ' f Let no man sell any thing 
out of a town, unless in the presence of the Reeve, or 
some other honest man, and let him who shall do other- 
wise be punished for his contempt of the king." 

And king Ethelstan made another law. — " No person 
shall buy any thing out of a town valued drearer than 
twenty pence ; but every merchant shall buy within the gate 
of the town, in the presence of the chief magistrate, or some 
honest man, or the king's officer, in the view of the 
passage of the common people. "f William the Conqueror 
made a law, that no market or fair should be allowed but 
in cities, boroughs, or walled towns, where the dignity of 
the Crown might not be lost or evaded. J And by these 
laws, the market and fairs of this town were established 
and are still regulated. The fairs of later institution, are 
either free or charged with tolls and impositions. 

The inhabitants of West Brentford owe a deep debt of 
gratitude to the memory of the illustrious Queen, at whose 
intercession these favours were granted to their, ancestors, 
which, after a lapse of more than five hundred years, they 
still enjoy ; and the topographical historian feels an honest 
degree of exultation in being the organ of conveyance to 
posterity of this their dutiful and grateful homage to their 
Royal Benefactress, whose eminent virtues stand recorded 
and embalmed in the historic page, but require not 

* Leges Edw. stat. 2. + Leges Etlielstani, stat. 12. 

I Leges Gulielmij stat. 01. 



96 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

the tardy testimony of these humble pages to perpetuate 
their remembrance. Upon turning to the history of 
Margarite, of France, wife of Edward the First, it 
appears that she was a most munificent, charitable, and 
estimable princess, and a loving wife. The Chronicler 
says, she was " goode withouten lacke." 

Manor of Burston or Boston. — The only manor in 
this parish is that of Bordeston or Burston, commonly 
called Boston, which was part of the possessions of the 
Prioress of St. Helen's near Bishopsgate, under whom, 
Jerome Hawley was lessee when that monastery was 
dissolved. Edward the Sixth, in 1547, granted it to 
Edward, Duke of Somerset, on whose attainder it reverted 
to the crown. Queen Elizabeth, in 1572, gave it to 
Robert, Earl of Leicester, who sold it the same year to 
Sir Thomas Gresham ; after Lady Gresham's death, which 
happened in 1598, it was inhabited by Sir William Beade, 
her son by a former husband, who obtained a new patent 
from the crown in 1610. Sir William dying in 1621, 
bequeathed this manor for life to his widow, with 
remainder to his grand children, the three daughters 
of Sir Michael Stanhope, viz., Jane, married to Lord 
Fitzwalter, and afterwards to Sir William Withepole ; 
Elizabeth, to George, Lord Berkeley, and Bridget to 
George Fielding, Earl of Desmond. Lady Beade married 
to her second husband, Sir Edward Spenser, Knt. of the 
Sunderland family, who possessed this manor many years 
in right of his wife, making it the place of his residence. 
One of James Howell's letters, dated February 20, 1647, 
is addressed to him " at his house near Brainford, 
Middlesex." Lady Spenser having outlived her second 
husband, died in 1658, and lies buried in the church, in 
which year Viscount Hereford, who had married Eliza- 
beth, daughter of Sir William Withepole, by Jane 
Stanhope, aliened a third part of the reversion of the 
manor to John Gouldsmith, Esq., the perpetuity of the 
other two parts had been before aliened by the Berkeley 



BOSTON HOUSE. 97 

and Desmond families to Lady Spenser, who devised them 
to her kinsman, John Gouldsmith, above-mentioned.* 

Among the manorial papers are the following particulars 
relative to the name. 

All the most ancient court rolls were burnt in a fire 
that consumed the old part of the house, a few years before 
James Clitherow purchased it, in 1670. There are, how- 
ever, rentals bearing date 21 Henry the Eighth, anno 
1529, and another that is not dated, being stiled the 
rental of Hugh Eston, who purchased the lease in 1652, 
and sold it in 1658, and, therefore, must be of a date 
between these two periods, which has no mention of the 
manor in it. In the most ancient of the rentals, the manor 
is thus stiled: — 1. Bordestone and Braynford; 2. West 
Braynford; 3. Braynford, only; 4. Boston and Brayn- 
ford; 5. and in 1629, Boston near Braynford. Hence it 
appears that Bordestone was the most ancient name, but 
that in the beginning of the 15th century, it began to be 
called Burston or Boston promiscuously. In 1670, James 
Clitherow purchased the manor, which was conveyed to 
him by the name of the manor of Burston ; and rentals for 
almost every year from that period are extant, in which 
the manor is sometimes called Burston, alias Boston, and 
Braynford, alias Brainford, until the year 1727, when 
Christopher, the son of James, the purchaser, died. In 
the time of James, son of Christopher, the regular yearly 
collection of quit rents was much neglected, only two or 
three rentals are to be found, in which the manor is stiled 
Burston alias Boston, with Brentford, and so it .still con- 
tinues. There are also two older rentals of 1660 and 
1661, when Mr. Gouldsmith was in possession, whose 
trustees, under his will, sold it to James Clitherow, in 
both of which it is called Boston with New Brentford. 

Boston House. — The manor house is pleasantly 
situated on a rising ground, in the midst of a well- 

* She was a great benefactor to this parish. See pp. 72. 74. 
H 



98 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

wooded park of fifty acres, about three quarters of a mile 
to the north of the town. The trees are chiefly elms, of 
a large size, many of which may be considered to have been 
planted in the time of Charles the First. It was built 
partly in the year 1622, by Lady Reade, and partly in 
1671, by James Clitherow, as appears by the dates on the 
pipes, cielings, &c. Great part of the mansion had been 
recently destroyed by a fire, and many of the old writings 
and deeds burnt. The most remarkable features of this 
ancient mansion have furnished several plates to one of 
the interesting works on Elizabethan architecture, lately 
published by C. J. Richardson, Esq., F.S.A. 

Clitherow Family of Boston House. — James 
Clitherow, who purchased this manor in 1670, was a 
merchant of eminence in London, the fourth son of Sir 
Christopher Clitherow, of Pinner Hill House, in Middle- 
sex, Knight, by his second wife, Mary, daughter of Sir J. 
Campbell, Knight who was Lord Mayor of London in 1610 ; 
Sir Christopher Clitherow was Alderman of London, and 
served the office of Sheriff in 1625, and of Lord Mayor in 
1635. He was also President of Christ's Hospital, in the 
court-room of which is a portrait of him, and he was 
Governor of the East Land Company ; he was returned 
as one of the citizens for the city of London in 1627, in 
the parliament that sat only one year. As he was firmly 
attached to monarchy and episcopacy, and therefore no 
favourite of the republican party that then prevailed in 
London, he was not returned in the next parliament, and 
soon after retired from public business, to his house on 
Pinner Hill, which he purchased some years before, and 
chiefly resided there in a retired manner till his death. 
He left several children by both his wives, his eldest son 
was settled in Essex, and the second at Pinner Hill, both 
of which estates have long been sold, and both those 
and all other branches of Sir Christopher's numerous 
family in the male line have become extinct, except 
the descendants of James, the fourth son, whose great 



THE CLITHEROW FAMILY. 99 

grandson, James, was the late owner of tins manor. Sir 
Christopher, was son of Henry Clitherow, who was son 
of another Henry, a citizen of some note in the time of 
Henry the Eighth, who purchased some houses in Cornhill, 
in 1554, of the Commissioners appointed by that king 
for the sale of the possessions of the dissolved monasteries, 
and it is presumed was a younger son of a family of that 
name, of Little Botshanger, in the parish of Ash, near 
Sandwich, in Kent, which, as Philpot in his " Villare 
Cantianum" expresses it, as it was in elder times, was of 
eminent account, in that trait whereof Roger de Cliderow, 
as the name was written, nourished in the reigns of 
Edward the Second and Third, and he, or rather Richard 
his predecessor, was Knight of the shire for Kent, in the 
seventh year of Henry the Fourth ; which Richard was 
sheriff of Kent in the fourth and part of the fifth year of 
Henry the Fourth ; and again in the sixth year of Henry 
the Fifth. He was also constituted Admiral of the Saxon 
seas, from the Thames mouth along the Saxon shore to 
the west. The male line of this family ceasing in the 
time of Henry the Eighth, the estate passed to the three 
daughters and coheirs of the last male possessor ; but as 
Sir Christopher had arms of the Kentish family as dis- 
played by Philpot, taken, as he says, from old authorities 
which he had seen, being the arms now borne by the 
family, allowed him as of right, not as a new grant, at the 
visitation held for London in 1634, it is presumed, as the 
laws of heraldry were in those days strictly observed, that 
he must have proved his descent from a Kentish family, 
to the satisfaction of Henry St. George Richmond, herald, 
who signed his testimonial under a blazon of the said 
arms then entered, which is now in the possession of 
Mrs. Clitherow. The late Col. Clitherow was descended 
from Sir Christopher Clitherow, whose fourth son, James 
Clitherow, purchased the manor of Boston in 1670, as 
before observed. Thus the family has been seated at 
Brentford for one hundred and seventy years, and there 
are few others in the metropolitan county who can boast 

h 2 



100 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



a continuance of half that extent. James Clitherow, Esq. 
the late colonel's father, died in 1805.* 

In public life, Colonel Clitherow had been for many 
years most prominent to maintain the established insti- 
tutions of the country, and in his endeavours to ameliorate 
the condition of the poorer classes, as well as in promoting 
the interests of suffering humanity. He was a firm 
member of the Established Church. In politics, Colonel 
Clitherow was a staunch and consistent conservative, and 
for many years filled the station of Chairman of the 
Middlesex Conservative Registration Committee. His 
upright and unflinching conduct as a magistrate, both at 
the Middlesex Sessions at Brentford, and of the divisional 
bench, of which he was chairman, will long be remembered. 

In all matters tending to promote the interests of his 
own immediate neighbourhood, Colonel Clitherow was 
ever foremost. 

In private, life he was of most unassuming and unosten- 
tatious manners. For many years previous to the death 
of his late Majesty King William the Fourth, he was 
honoured by his friendship and esteem, which marks of 
royal favour were continued by the Queen Dowager. 



The Address from New Brentford, 1839. 

On Saturday the 13th day of April, 1839, a meeting of 
the inhabitants of this parish was held at the Boys' National 
School-room in the Ham, and a resolution unanimously 
passed that an address be presented to Colonel Clitherow 
on his partial retirement from public life in consequence 
of illness, by resigning the situation of Chairman of the 
County Lunatic Asylum at Hanwell, and other important 
situations which he had so long held in this place and 
neighbourhood.f 

On Tuesday, the 23rd of April, the deputation appointed 

* Gent. Mag. Dec. 1805 and 1841. 

+ Funeral Sermon, by the Rev. John Stoddart,D.D. preached October 23, 1841. 



THE CLITHEROW FAMILY. 101 

at the above meeting, consisting of the Rev. Dr. Stoddart, 
the Vicar, and Messrs. Glover, Ronalds, Winkworth, and 
Wood, four of the oldest inhabitants in the parish waited 
on the Colonel at his residence, Boston House, with the 
address, which was read by the Rev. Dr. Stoddart; on which 
occasion a new flag was hoisted on the church, and the 
bells rang several merry peals during the day. 

" Induced by motives of personal respect and attach- 
ment towards you, by a sense of gratitude for many public 
services rendered to ourselves and to the county in which 
you live, by sincere admiration of your public and private 
character during the course of a long life, we, whose 
names are undersigned, wish to embrace this opportunity 
of conveying to you a testimonial of our common senti- 
ments and feelings, and the more so, as we regret to hear 
that you have lately determined to retire from some of 
your usual engagements and pursuits. To enumerate 
the various duties which you have so ably and zealously 
performed for the public good would be almost impossible. 
The mere statement, however, of your having for so 
many years filled such important offices is enough to con- 
vince every one that nothing but the greatest integrity 
and benevolence of character, combined with high and 
honourable feeling, sound judgment, decision, and impar- 
tiality, could ever have placed or continued you in situations 
of the most acknowledged usefulness and respectability, 
With respect to your private walk amongst those in your 
own parish and neighbourhood, we could produce, if it 
were necessary, a thousand proofs of the esteem and 
popularity which you have long since merited and secured 
from persons of all ranks and parties — by your attention 
to the welfare of our local institutions — by your support 
of our charities — and by your readiness to assist with your 
advice and exertions all who needed your powerful aid as 
a magistrate and as a friend. Having by these means 
won the general esteem and respect of those around you, 
we beg, in conclusion, to express our ardent hope that, 
as long as health and strength will permit, you will not 
withdraw your countenance and support from those 



102 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

important institutions connected with our own parish ; and 
our sincere prayer is, that it may please the Almighty Dis- 
poser of events for many years to prolong a life so desirable 
to your own family and friends, so necessary to your own 
interests, and so beneficial to the welfare of society." 



Colonel dither on? s reply. 

" Gentlemen, 

" I receive the Address you have this day presented 
to me from the Inhabitants of my native parish with the 
most heartfelt satisfaction. 

" It affords me the greatest pleasure to possess so ample 
an acknowledgment of the sense entertained by my worthy 
neighbours of my endeavours, during the many years I 
have resided amongst them, to attend, as far as possible, 
to the interests of this parish, and to render every service 
in my power to the community at large, as well as to every 
individual. 

" The consciousness of having acted rightly, at least of 
always intending to do so, is one of the highest pleasures 
an honest mind can feel ; but when the ap£>roval of such 
conduct is manifested in so public and gratifying a manner 
as the present Address conveys, it doubles the satisfaction: 
and, as the day arrives — probably not far distant — when I 
shall quit you and all other worldly connexions, the recol- 
lection of this act of kindness will afford me, at that awful 
period, the greatest consolation." 



The Address from the Brentford Magisterial District and 
Neighbourhood. 

At a numerous meeting of the magistrates, clergy, and 
other inhabitants of the Brentford magisterial district and 
neighbourhood, held at the Northumberland Arms, Isle- 
worth, May 11, 1839, H. Pownall, Esq. in the chair, it 
was resolved that an Address, together with a piece of 



THE CLITHEROW FAMILY. 103 

plate (to be purchased by subscriptions limited to one 
pound) should be presented to Colonel Clitherow on his 
partial retirement from public life ; as a testimonial of the 
high sense they entertained of the ability, zeal, and 
devotedness which he uniformly manifested in the dis- 
charge of his magisterial duties, and his readiness at all 
times to promote the welfare of the neighbourhood. A 
committee, consisting of forty eight gentlemen from the 
various parishes, was then appointed to carry out the 
objects of the meeting; which, being completed, a depu- 
tation was appointed to present the Plate and the Address 
to the venerable Colonel. On Tuesday the 2-ith of Sep- 
tember, 1889, the deputation, consisting of Henry Pownall, 
Esq., the chairman, the Rev. Dr. Stoddart, the Secretary, 
and John Farell, Esq. the Treasurer, waited upon the 
Colonel at his residence, Boston House ; and, in the pre- 
sence of Mrs. and Miss Clitherow, and a few of their 
friends, had the pleasure of presenting to him a most 
elegant piece of plate, together with the Address, which 
had been most numerously signed. It Avould, indeed, be 
most difficult to describe the feeling manifested on this 
interesting occasion by the Colonel and his family. It 
will, however, perhaps be sufficient to state, that to every 
member of the committee, and to all who had promoted 
this testimonial of regard and respect for the Colonel, he 
begged the deputation would convey his warmest acknow- 
ledgments ; and, in order that all might be assured of his 
deepfelt gratitude, he desired the Secretary to send a 
printed copy of his most appropriate and touching reply 
to every subscriber in the district. The deputation had 
then the gratification of communicating to the committee, 
held the same afternoon at Isleworth, the satisfactory 
result of their proceedings, and the high gratification they 
had experienced from their visit to Boston House. 

The Address. — " We, the undersigned, inhabitants of 
the Brentford Magisterial District and Neighbourhood, 
comprising the parishes of Acton, New and Old Brent- 
ford, Chiswick, Ealing, Greenford, Hanwell, Heston, 
Isleworth, Norwood, Perivale^ and Twickenham, beg 



101 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

leave ^to take this opportunity of expressing to you our 
most unfeigned regret at your partial retirement from 
public life, and of our conviction of the loss which the 
public in general, and this district in particular, will sustain 
whenever they shall be wholly deprived of your valuable 
services. 

" The ability, zeal, and devotedness, which you have 
manifested in the discharge of your magisterial duties, the 
strict impartiality with which you have uniformly admi- 
nistered the laws, tempering, as far as possible, justice 
with mercy, the conciliatory spirit and gentlemanly feeling 
by which every transaction of your life has been charac- 
terized, the undaunted firmness which you have displayed 
in seasons of trial and difficulty, justly entitle you to the 
respect and gratitude of all classes of the community. 

" The value also of your public character is much 
enhanced by the integrity of your private life, adorned as 
it is with many Christian graces ; without which the most 
excellent public virtues lose half their usefulness and all 
their intrinsic merit. Whether we look, Sir, to the immediate 
neighbourhood, in which you reside, or to the metropolis, 
numerous proofs present themselves of your active bene- 
volence and unwearied exertions for the public good, 
especially in mitigating the direst calamities to which 
human nature is subject; thus exemplifying, in your life 
and conversation, the precepts of that holy faith of which 
you are one of the firmest supporters. 

" Be assured, then, that whenever you shall deem it 
expedient to withdraw altogether from public business, 
you will carry with you into the retirement of private life, 
the profound respect, the sincere gratitude, and the cordial 
good wishes of all around you. 

" We beg, therefore to conclude this address with our 
united and fervent prayer to the Supreme Disposer of all 
events, that He may long continue to spare you to your 
family and friends, and vouchsafe to close your honourable 
life in peace, founded on that Christian hope which, even 
here, meets with its reward, and is 'full of immortality.' ' 



THE CLITHEROW FAMILY. 105 



Colonel Clitherow' 8 Reply. 

" Gentlemen, 

" I receive this mark of the approbation of yourselves, 
my friends, and neighbours, with the deepest sense of 
gratitude 

" During the long series of years I have resided amongst 
you, it has ever been my study to promote those objects 
which I considered might be useful, and, in the discharge 
of my magisterial duties, to uphold the laws of my country 
without favour or affection, for the benefit of all classes of 
society : and I can most solemnly assure you, I never 
looked forward to any other reward than that of a self- 
approving conscience. 

" When I look at the numerous signatures attached to 
the address, and to your very elegant and valuable present 
of plate which accompanies it, I can adopt no language 
which can adequately convey my feelings on the occasion. 

" I indeed flattered myself, when I first signified my 
intention of partially retiring from public business, that I 
might still attend to those duties more immediately con- 
nected with the neighbourhood ; but having very lately 
experienced what I must consider a serious visitation, I fear 
I shall be unable much longer to occupy myself in any of my 
usual avocations. To the latest hour of my life, however, 
I can assure you I shall feel the deepest interest in the 
welfare and prosperity of all around me, and shall never 
forget the most acceptable and satisfactory testimonials 
which have this day been presented to me. 

" James Clitherow." 



Description of the Plate. 

The Plate presented to Colonel Clitherow, was executed 
expressly for the occasion, by Messrs. Storr and Mortimer, 
silversmiths, Bond Street. It is in the form of an Epergne, 
standing on a highly embellished and massive tripod, on 



106 



HISTORY OF UREXTFORD. 



the panels of which are engraved the arms of Colonel 
Clitherow, the object of its presentation, and the twelve 
parishes and districts from which the subscriptions were 
received, together with the names of the chairman, secretary, 
and treasurer. From the centre of the tripod arises a fluted 
column surmounted by a richly cut crystal basin for fruit 
or flowers, supported by the foliage of the Acanthus. 
Round the column are placed three beautiful female figures, 
of frosted silver, representing Faith, Justice, and Charity, 
modelled in the most chaste and classical style, by William 
Bailey, Esq., P. A ; illustrative of those virtues which 
adorn the character of him, who has been the object of 
this well-earned and truly splendid testimonial. Of these 
figures it is impossible to say which is most worthy of 
admiration ; whether Faith, with her placid and stedfast 
countenance, long hair, and flowing robes, holding before 
her a burnished cross, higher than herself; Justice, with 
her firm and inflexible look, carrying the scales in her 
right hand, and resting her left on a naked sword ; or 
Charity, with her lovely and benignant aspect, affec- 
tionately regarding two children, one of which she presses 
to her bosom with her right hand, whilst the other on the 
opposite side is clinging for protection to the folds of 
her dress. 

This group is, indeed, altogether so well conceived, and 
so highly finished after the best models of the antique, 
that no language can sufficiently express the beauty of 
its effect. 

Other testimonials of regard were also lately addressed 
to Colonel Clitherow, from the different institutions 
to which he belonged; and in the year 1837, at the 
suggestion of H. Pownall, Esq., a beautiful and well 
executed Portrait, by that celebrated artist, W. "VV. 
Pickersgill, Esq., P. A., was painted at the expense of 
the Visiting Magistrates of the Asylum, and placed in 
the Committee-room at Hanwell, of which a 2,'ood en^ravins: 
has since been made. 



THE CLITHE110W FAMILY. 107 



The Funeral of Colonel Clitherow. 

The death of Colonel Clitherow took place at Boston 
House, on Tuesday, the 12th, and his funeral on Wednes- 
day, the 20th of October, 1841. As soon as the melancholy 
event was known in Brentford, the inhabitants imme- 
diately testified their regret for the loss they had sustained, 
by partially closing their windows ; and on Friday, a large 
and respectable meeting was held at the Infant School- 
room in the Butts, when a resolution was unanimously 
passed, that an application be forwarded to Mrs. Clitherow, 
requesting her permission, that, as at the funeral of the 
father of Colonel Clithorow, in 1805, those inhabitants 
who were anxious to pay their last tribute of respect to 
the memory of their deceased friend and neighbour, 
should be allowed to join the procession to the church on 
this occasion. This request was kindly granted by Mrs. 
Clitherow, and every necessary arrangement was accord- 
ingly made to carry out the object of the meeting. 
Numerous applications were also made at Boston House 
by the nobility, the clergy, and the gentry, in the neigh- 
bourhood, and in the metropolis, to be allowed personally 
to join the procession, or to send their carriages, as is 
usual on such occasions. By the express desire, however, 
of Colonel Clitherow during his illness, and in accordance 
with the feelings of the family, all such applications were 
most respectfully declined ; and none but the inhabitants 
who had sent the requisition, the children of the National 
Schools, and the Staff of the Westminster Militia, were 
permitted to attend. 

The procession left Boston House shortly after Eleven 
o'clock, and was arranged in the following order : 

First, the children of the National Schools ; next, more 
than one hundred of the principal Inhabitants and Trades- 
men in full mourning, two-abreast, and the Staff of the 
Westminster Militia, under the command of Captain James 
Blagg, the Adjutant; then the hearse, drawn by six 
horses, attended by Mr. Winkworth, the undertaker, and 



108 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



his assistants, followed by three carriages, with four 
horses each, containing the mourners and the domestics ; 
and, lastly, the Colonel's own private carriage : and 
notwithstanding the vast multitudes from the town and 
neighbourhood, which accompanied the whole line of 
the procession, the utmost order and decorum everywhere 
prevailed. All shops were entirely closed, and business 
of every kind suspended throughout the parish. 

On reaching the church, the procession was met by the 
Rev. Dr. Stoddart, the Vicar, and the parochial officers ; 
and the body was carried to the centre aisle by six 
Serjeants of the militia, and placed immediately under the 
reading desk, close to the Colonel's family pew. At the 
moment of entering the church, the immense congregation 
rose from their seats, and the " Dead March in Saul" was 
played by Mrs. Wells, the organist. Purcell's appro- 
priate anthem, " I am the Resurrection and the Life, 
saith the Lord," was then sung by the choir with excellent 
effect ; the psalms and lessons appointed for the burial of 
the dead, were next read by Dr. Stoddart, and afterwards, 
Kent's beautiful and affecting anthem, " Hear my Prayer, 
O Lord," taken from the fifty-fifth Psalm, was performed 
by the choir, assisted by Mrs. Sharp and Miss C. Boden. 

The body was then deposited in a grave in the chancel, 
where many of the Colonel's ancestors have been interred, 
and the usual service closed the ceremony. From the 
arrangements which had been previously made, all who 
were present were allowed to pass from the body of the 
church, the galleries, &c, through the south aisle to the 
chancel, and thus had an opportunity of inspecting the 
grave of the deceased ; and many a tear was observed to 
be shed by persons of all classes, but especially by the 
poor, as they looked down on the remains of their long 
beloved and departed friend. Hundreds, also, who could 
not gain admission to the church before the service, were 
now admitted, and passed by the grave in the same order. 

The immediate relatives of Colonel Clitherow who 
attended as mourners on this occasion, were Snow Paul, 
Esq., Robert Salkeld, Esq., Edward and Henry Seymour, 



THE CLITREROW FAMILY. 109 

Esquires, and the Rev. Edward Bullock ; accompanied hy 
George Cooper, Esq. the medical attendant at Boston 
House, and Joseph Maberly, Esq. solicitor. 

Of the neighbouring clergy, magistrates, and gentry, 
there were present, the Rev. Dr. Walmsley of Hanwell, 
the Rev. Dr. Dodsworth of Notting-hill, the Rev. W. 
Antrobus of Acton, the Rev. J. Smith of Ealing, the Rev. 
H. Glossop of Isleworth, and the Rev. F. E. Thompson 
of Old Brentford, Colonel T. Wood, M.P. for Middlesex, 
A. Wood, Esq., H. Pownall, Esq., G. Baillie, Esq., T. 
Twining, Esq., C. Turner, Esq., B. Armstrong, Esq., 
Lieut.-Col. Hunt, and Captain Manchester, of the West- 
minster Militia; besides many other respectable persons 
in the neighbourhood, and many who had travelled far to 
pay this last tribute of respect to their truly venerable and 
highly valued friend. 

A large body of the T division of the Metropolitan 
Police, under the superintendence of inspector Marquarcl, 
also attended on this occasion. 

Inscription on the Coffin. 

JAMES CLITHEROW, ESQ. 

DIED, OCTOBER 12TH, 1841. 

AGED 75 YEARS. 

" Blessed are the dead -which die in the Lord, even so saith the Spirit, for 

they rest from their labours, and their works do follow them." 

Rev. xiv. 13. 



A List of the Principal Offices held by the late Colonel Clitherow, almost to the 
period of his death. 

Colonel of the Westminster Militia more than forty-five years. 

Chairman of the Deputy-Lieutenants of the Hundred of Isleworth. 

A Magistrate and Chairman of the Petty Sessions for the District of 
Brentford. 

Chairman of the Visiting Magistrates of the County Pauper Lunatic Asylum 
at Hanwell. 

Originator and Treasurer of Queen Adelaide's Fund, for the benefit of those 
Patients who have been discharged cured from the Hanwell Asylum. 

Chairman of the Conservative Registration Club. 

One of the Treasurers of the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy. 



110 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



Vice-President of the Lay-Union for the defence of the Established Church. 

President of the Brentford District Committee of the Society for Promoting 
Christian Knowledge. 

One of the Committee of the National Society for the Education of the 
Poor. 

A Vice-President of the Royal Humane Society. 

A Governor of Bethlem Hospital. 

A Commissioner of the Metropolis Turnpike Trusts. 

Chairman of the Board of Guardians of the Brentford Union at Isleworth. 

Chairman of the Commissioners of Taxes for the District of Brentford. 

President and Treasurer of the Brentford and Ealing Saving's Bank. 

Treasurer of the National Schools of New Brentford. 

Treasurer of the Brentford Dispensary for the relief of the Sick Poor. 

And Trustee of several Charities at Ealing, Isleworth, Hanwell, &c. &c. 



ARCHERY IN THE BUTTS. 




Secure behind the Telamonian shield, 
The skilful archer Avide survey'd the field, 
With ev'ry shaft some hostile victim slew, 
Then close beneath the sev'nfold orb withdrew." 

Homer's Iliad, b. viii. 1. 320. 



It clearly appears, that the Romans introduced the bow 
into this country, and that they continued to use it till 



ARCHERY IN THE BUTTS. Ill 

their final departure. The Saxons used both the long 
and cross bow. During the heptarchy, OfFrid, son of 
Edwin, king of Northumbria, was killed by an arrow 
in a battle between the troops of that king and the united 
army of Mercians and Welsh, fought about the year 6SS. 
The Danes were accustomed to the use of archery in 
battle, and we find it often noticed at this period in our 
early chroniclers. Poly dor e Virgil, speaking of the troops 
of Etheldred, of which part were commanded by his 
brother Alfred, says, that a great number of archers were 
placed in the right wing of the army.* From this time 
till the Norman invasion, little occurs respecting archery, 
but it is well known, how successfully it was employed by 
William at the battle of Hastings. Bows and arrows are 
mentioned on this occasion by all our historians, and the 
catastrophe of the battle proves the skill with which the 
invaders used these weapons. Lord Lyttleton, in his 
life of Henry the Fourth observes, that from many instances 
in the course of the wars of that prince with the Irish, it 
appears that the English conquests in Ireland were prin- 
cipally owing to the use of the long bow in battle with 
which the Irish infantry were unacquainted. The Welsh 
at that time were astonishingly expert in the use of the 
bow, of which Giraldus Cambrensis mentions many 
instances. Nothing further is to be found in our historians 
relative to archery till the battle of Cressy in 1346,f and 
Poictiers in 1356, where the archers poured forth their 
arrows in such profusion, and gained such glorious 
victories. 

We are informed by Holinshed, that during the reign 
of Richard the Second, a number of archers were sent at 
the request of the Genoese to assist them against the 
Saracens on the coast of Barbary, and that they performed 
great services with the long bow. 

A memorable circumstance respecting the bow occurred 
in the reign of Henry the Fourth, which was the victory 



* Polydor. Virgil. Ang. Hist. lib. v. p. 129, 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1651. 
+ Froissard, liv. 1 . chap. 130, 162. Polydor. Virg. lib. xix. p. 488. 



112 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

gained over the Scots near Halidown Hill in 1402,* where, 
in the words of an old historian, " the Lord Percy's 
archers did withal deliver their deadly arrows so lively, 
so courageously, so grievously, that they ranne through 
the men of amies, bored the helmets, pierced their very 
swords, beat their lancers to the earth, and easily shot those 
who were slightly armed, through and through." The 
next signal victory ascribed to the English archers, is the 
battle of Agincourt, which was fought in 141 5, f under 
Henry the Fifth, in which our countrymen destroyed a great 
number of the French cavalry by their yard long arrows. 
They were continued in use during the civil wars of York 
and Lancaster, and were also the principal weapons used 
at Flodden Field in the reign of Henry the Eighth.;}: 
This, indeed, seems to be the last important action in which 
archery was used, and though the practice of bows was 
continued partially through several reigns, they at length 
seem to have been continued merely as an amusement. 

The time in which the bow became disused in war by 
the English army, cannot perhaps be exactly determined. 
Father Daniel acquaints us, that arrows were shot by the 
English at the Isle of Rhe in 1627. Captain Grose says, 
that in 1643, the Earl of Essex issued a precept for 
" stirring up all well affected people by benevolence 
towards the rising of a company of archers for the service 
of the King and Parliament ;" the same author informs us 
that in a pamphlet printed in 1664, giving an account of 
the success of the Marquis of Montrose against the Scots, 
bowmen are repeatedly mentioned. 

Marks for Shooting at. — The marks usually shot at 
by archers for pastime, were butts, prickes, and roavers. 
The butt, we are told, was a level mark, and required a 
strong arrow with a very broad feather ; the pricke was a 
" marke of compasse," but certain in its distance, and to 
this mark strong swift arrows, of one flight, with a middling 
sized feather, were best suited ; the roaver was a mark of 



Rapin, vol. i. p. 408. + Polydor. Virg. lib. xxii. p. 570: 

| Polvdor. Virg. lib. xxviii. p. 27. 



ARCHERY. 118 

uncertain length, it was therefore proper for the archer 
to have various kinds of arrows, of different weights, to 
be used according to the different changements made in 
the distance of the ground. 

Archery was so much approved by Bishop Latimer as a 
bodily exercise, that he preached a sermon in favour of it 
before King Edward the Sixth. The great excellence of 
archery above other sports, and its utility in a political 
point of view, are ably discussed in Roger Ascham's 
excellent treatise, writtenin 1544, and entitled "Toxophilus, 
the whole Practice of Shooting ; contayned in Two Bookes ; 
pleasaunt for all gentlemen and yeomen of Englande, for 
theyr pastyme to reade, and profitable for theyr use to 
follow both in warre and peace," in which many of the 
fashionable amusements of the day are justly condemned. 

In " The benefit of the auncient Bathes of Buckstone, 
which cureth most greevous sicknesses, neuer before 
published; compiled by John Jones, Phisites, at the 
King's Mede, nigh Darby, anno salutis, 1572." The 
following is given as an exercise or amusement adapted to 
the invalid : — " Shooting the noblest exercyse." " Shoot- 
ing at garden buttes, too them whom it agreeth and 
pleatheth in place of noblest exercyse standeth, and 
that rather wyth longe-bowe, than wyth tyther, stone 
bowe, or crosse bowe : albeit to them that otherwyse 
cannot, by reason of greefe, feeblenesse, or lack of 
use, they may be allowed. This practese of all other 
the manlyest, leavyeth no part of the body unexercised, 
the brest, backe, reynes, waist, and amies with drawing 
the thyghes and legges, with running or going." 

In an old ballad written in praise of the Princess 
Elizabeth, wife of Henry the Seventh, his majesty is 
described as employed in a princely amusement — 

" See where lie shooteth at the Buttes, and with him Lords three." 

Harl. M8S. 367. 

In the ages of chivalry, the usage of the bow was con- 
sidered as an essential part of the education of a young 
man who wished to make a figure in life. The heroes of 

i 



114 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

romance are therefore usually praised for their skill in 
archery, and Chaucer, with propriety, says of Sir Thopas, 
" He was a good archere." — Cant. Tales. Indeed of such 
consequence was excellence in this art esteemed, that Sir 
John Fortescue, an eminent lawyer in the reign of Henry 
the Sixth, declares " that the mighte of the rcalmes of 
Englande standyth upon archers." 

The first Charles seems to have amused himself in this 
way, he is represented in the frontispiece of " Markham's 
Art of Archery," London, 1634, in the attitude and dress 
of a bowman. The amusement was continued during the 
reign of the second Charles, who took great delight in it, 
and even knighted a man for excelling as an excellent 
shot; and the second James, sometimes attended at exhi- 
bitions of shooting. The Artillery Company of Finsbury 
Archers, have survived to the present time : except in that 
society, the bow, till within these fifty years was very 
little known in the kingdom. Archery possesses many 
excellencies as an amusement ; it is adapted to every age 
and every degree of strength, by increasing or diminishing 
the power of the bow. It is not necessarily laborious, as 
it may be discontiued at the moment it becomes fatiguing. 
As archery is now followed for amusement only, I subjoin 
a wish, that this fashion may be universally cultivated and 
approved, and that we may live to see the time, when, with 
Statius it can be said, 

" Pudor est nescire sagittas." 
" It is a reproach to be unskilful with the bow." 

With respect to the decay of the practice of archery in 
Brentford Butts, it may be attributed principally to the 
inclosures made near the spot, and by the gradual increase 
of buildings, by which the inhabitants of the town and 
neighbourhood have been deprived of room sufficient for 
the purpose of shooting with bows, so that it now retains 
an inapplicable name, and it may with certainty be 
asserted, that no exhibitions of this description have taken 
place there since the time of Charles the Second. Like 
other localities in London, as the " Strand," and the 



CONTESTED COUNTY ELECTIONS. 115 

" Mews," its former appropriation is preserved only by 
an inapplicable name. 

Election of Members of Parliament.— In the pre- 
ceding pages the reader has beheld scenes of sport and 
amusement carried on betwixt rivals, in an innocent and 
healthy diversion, accompanied by good will and mutual 
moderation. Let us now behold candidates of a far diffe- 
rent nature, rivals in political ambition, whose aim was 
popular apjnause, and parliamentary distinction. 

1768. As soon as the British Parliament was dissolved, 
the thoughts and business of the whole nation appeared 
to be confined to one object, the choice of representatives ; 
and never perhaps, was any general election carried on 
with greater heat and violence in most parts of the king- 
dom. The arts of intrigue, the efforts of faction, the 
utmost stretch of interest and authority, were exerted in 
the contests between the rival candidates. 

It would be a painful task, to enumerate all the instances 
of popular frenzy and political depravity, that occurred 
on these occasions ; but Brentford election was attended 
with such extraordinary circumstances as to deserve 
particular notice. 

Long previously to this period, Wilkes, by his flight from 
public justice had provoked the severest sentence of the 
House of Commons, and his private affairs also were at 
this time in the most desperate situation ; but, on seeing 
that the tide of popularity was taking a turn so much to 
his advantage, he determined to make a bold attempt to 
benefit by it, sensible that if it failed of success, the conse- 
quences could not place him in a worse state than that in 
which he was already. 

In the month of March, 1768, he therefore offered 
himself as Member for Middlesex. During the Election 
at Brentford the mob behaved outrageously, and com- 
mitted many excesses. During the tumult which occurred 
at the Butts, George Clark, a clerk to an attorney, 
received a blow on his head of which he died, and for 



116 MI STORY OF BEENTFOED. 

which crime Edward Quirk and Lawrence Balfour were 
afterwards tried at the Old Bailey. 

1768, March 28. This morning Sir "William Beauchamp 
Proctor, and Mr. Wilkes, two of the Candidates for the 
County of Middlesex, set out for Brentford, where the 
election came on for Knights of the Shire. Mr. Wilkes 
went in a coach drawn by six horses, and was attended by 
an amazing number of people to the place of election, 
which was held in the middle of Brentford Butts. The 
majority of hands appeared in favour of Sir William Beau- 
champ Proctor, and Mr. Wilkes, who were accordingly 
returned, but a poll being demanded in behalf of Mr. 
Cooke, the same came on immediately ; and at five in the 
afternoon Mr. Wilkes had polled six to one, at nine 
o'clock the poll finally closed, when George Cooke, Esq. 
and Mr. Wilkes were declared duly elected.* 

The mob behaved in a very outrageous manner at Hyde 
Park Corner, where they pelted Mr. Cooke, son of the 
City Marshal, and knocked him from his horse, took off 
the wheels of one of the carriages, and broke the glasses 
to pieces. The reason assigned for these proceedings is, 
that a flag was carried before the procession of Mr. Wilkes' 
antagonists, on which was painted "no blasphemer." 

At night, likewise, the rabble were very tumultuous, 
some persons who had voted in favour of Mr. Wilkes, 
having put out the lights, the mob paraded the whole town 
obliging every body to illuminate, and breaking the win- 
dows of such as did not do so immediately. The windows of 
the Mansion House in particular were demolished, to the 
amount of many hundred pounds. They demolished also 
the windows of Lord Bute, Lord Egremont, Sir Sampson 
Gideon, Sir William Mayne, and many other gentlemen, 
at Charing Cross ; at the Duke of Northumberland's the 
mob also broke a few panes, but his Grace had the address 
to get rid of them, by ordering up lights immediately into 
his windows, and opening the Ship alehouse. 

* Annual Register, I7(i£. 



CONTESTED COUNTY ELECTIONS. 117 

The following is a copy of the hand bill distributed by 
Mr. Wilkes's friends at Brentford. 

" It is the humble request of Mr. Wilkes to his friends, 
that they would not disturb the peace, or prevent the 
voters coming to the place of polling to give their free 
votes, for whatever candidate they think proper." 

1768, Dec. o. This morning the sheriffs opened the 
poll for a knight of the shire at Brentford, which was 
carried on with much tranquility till about a quarter after 
two, at which time it was generally thought that Mr. Ser- 
jeant Glynn had polled a greater number than Sir W. B. 
Proctor, when on a sudden a great riot ensued, the mob 
mounted the hustings, attempted to seize some of the poll- 
books, and entirely put a stop to the business. On this 
occasion, great numbers of freeholders were hurt in trying 
to get away, others came home directly, and the remainder 
of the day was a scene of confusion. The following 
spirited address appeared the next day : — ce To the Gentle- 
men, Clergy, and Freeholders of the county of Middlesex. 
The warm professions of gratitude, so frequently uttered 
by those who feel no gratitude to their constituents, because 
the means by which they succeed take off all obligation, 
make me at a loss for terms to express myself on so signal, 
so generous, and so glorious a support as I have met with 
from you. Every means employed, every influence 
exerted during a six months canvass, have not yet been 
able to divert a great majority of you from espousing the 
cause of a candidate whom you supposed a friend to the 
cause of the people, and in whom you hoped to find a zealous 
defender of the rights and liberties of his country. 

" The sheriffs, and every person present, were witnesses 
of a scene never before exhibited at an election. A 
desperate set of ruffians, with liberty and Proctor in their 
hats, without the least opposition, without the least provo- 
cation, or cause of quarrel, destroying those who did not 
lift a hand in their defence. Sir William, to whom I 
called to go with me and face this mob, made me no 
answer, and left me : I remained the last man upon the 
hustings. 



118 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

"It is at present depending before the House of Com- 
mons, what measures shall be next pursued in regard to 
this election. When they have decided, I will give you 
the earliest possible notice, and I promise you, that no 
discouragement shall ever make me desert you, who have 
shewn that you will not desert yourselves, 

" I am, Gentlemen, your most grateful, faithful, 
ci humble servant, 
" Bloomsbury Square, ec John Glynn." 

" Bee. 9, 1768." 

1769, Jan. 14th. Edward McQuirk and Lawrence Balf, 
were indicted for having been present, aiding and abetting 
in the wilful murder of George Clark, clerk to an attorney, 
at the late election at Brentford, where, in the riot and 
tumult he received a blow on his head with a bludgeon, 
of which he died in a few days. On the trial it appeared 
that the prisoners were hired, with others, previous to the 
day of election, for the purpose of keeping the peace, and 
assisting Sir W. B. Proctor's friends at the poll ; that for 
some time the poll went on with the greatest regularity, 
but that all at once the prisoners with others, began in a 
most outrageous manner to knock down all who came in 
the way. 

There were many evidences in Balf 's favour, it appearing 
that he was rather drawn in than a principal ; his council 
considered it unnecessary to examine a number of creditable 
housekeepers, who were ready to be produced to his 
character. The judge was very humane in his charge 
relative to him, and it seemed to be a disappointment to 
some in court, when the verdict was pronounced both 
guilty. Judge Aston humanely observed, that in a case 
where the lives of two persons were concerned, he would 
not pretend at once to determine without the clearest 
conviction. He said he had therefore weighed all the 
circumstances very minutely relative to the affair, and had 
the pleasure of having his opinion corroborated by Lord 
Chief Justice Baron Parker, Judge Gould, and Mr. 
Recorder ; he was therefore clear, he said, in the indict- 



CONTESTED COUNTY ELECTIONS. 119 

ment being valid. Mr. Recorder then proceeded to pass 
sentence, previous to which, he hoped, that the fate of 
these two unhappy persons -would be a warning to all 
rioters ; as nothing, he said, could be more destructive to 
the laws of society, particularly to elections, the essence of 
English freedom, and that the procurors (if any were there) 
howsoever dignified, as well as the procured, were not- 
exempt, by our laws, from this catastrophe.* 

March loth, 1769, came on at Brentford the second re- 
election of a knight of the shire, when Charles Dingley, 
Esq. made an offer to oppose the popular candidate, but 
being very roughly handled by the populace, he was 
advised to retire, upon which Mr. Wilkes was chosen a 
third time, without opposition. But the election held at 
Brentford was declared null and void, and a new writ 
was ordered to be issued. 

April 18. At about half-past nine the election came on 
at Brentford, the candidates were Mr. Wilkes, Mr. Luttrell, 
Mr. Roake, and Mr. Sergeant Whitaker. After the writ 
and the act of bribery were read, Mr. Sawbridge spoke in 
substance : " That the affair in point was now a dispute 

between a n and the freeholders of Middlesex, that 

since the former election there had been a meetino- of the 
supporters of the bill of rights, wherein he had the honour 
to take the chair, and it was resolved to support Mr. 
Wilkes's cause as the cause of liberty, he hoped that they 
would now stand forth, as they had already done, in such 
a cause, and he concluded by hoping that the friends of 
Mr. Wilkes would equally shew themselves friends to 
peace and good order. " 

At four in the afternoon the poll was closed, when the 
numbers were declared. 

The procession of the different bodies of freeholders on 
horseback through Charing Cross, Pall Mall, Piccadillv, 
&c. lasted two hours, some bodies consisted of several 
hundreds each, all with music playing, colours flying, 

* Annual Register. 1769, p. 00, 



120 HISTORY OF BREXTFORD. 

and their hats decorated with blue ribbons, inscribed with 
the words " Magna Charta and the Bill of Rights." 

After the poll was over, a number of horsemen, with 
colours flying, and music playing, attended by several 
thousand people, went through St. James's Street, the 
Strand, and over London Bridge to the King's Bench, 
to congratulate Mr. Wilkes on his success. 

14th. The election of John Wilkes, Esq. was again 
declared null and void. 

16th. After long debates which lasted till three o'clock 
this morning, Henry Laws Luttrell, Esq. was declared 
duly elected for Middlesex, and has since taken his scat 
in parliament accordingly. 

May 8. The grand question on the petition of the Mid- 
dlesex electors was decided in the House of Commons in 
favour of Colonel Luttrell, who was then declared the 
sitting member, on a majority of legal votes, the first 
precedent of the kind in the Journals of the House. At 
Hickes's Hall, a bill of indictment was found by the grand 
jury of Middlesex, against Edward McQuirk, for the 
murder of George Hopkins, on the 8th of last December, 
at Brentford. This is the same man who was lately tried 
and convicted for the murder of George Clarke at the 
same time and place, and received his Majesty's pardon. 
A reward of one hundred pounds is advertized for taking 
him* 

1780, Sept. 4. A County Court was held at Brentford, 
for the election of two members to represent the county 
of Middlesex in the ensuing parliament. About 11 o'clock 
the under sheriff opened the business upon a temporary 
hustings built for that purpose, and after reading the writ 
and the act of parliament respecting the modes of election, 
John Wilkes and George Byng, Esqrs. were proposed as 
candidates by Mr. Scott, and Mr. Foster, no other person 
being noticed, these gentlemen were declared unanimously 
elected. 

* Annual Register, 1769 



CONTESTED COUNTY ELECTIONS. 121 

1790, June 29th. John Wilkes, Esq. having declined 
standing for Middlesex in consequence of the unfavourable 
reception he met with at a previous meeting of the free- 
holders at Hackney, Walter Mainwaring and George 
Byng, Esqrs. were elected representatives of the county, 
at Brentford. 

At this election, Mr. Wilkes met with the most humi- 
liating rebuff and contempt from the very county, and those 
very people of whom he had been so long the idol; but to 
use his own metaphor, his " nest was so well feathered 
with the pluckings of his favourite goose," that he could 
easily console himself for the loss of unmerited popularity. 

" But when lie dreadful to the rabble grew 
Him, whom so many lords had slain, they slew." 

Dry den's Juv. Sat. iv. 

1796, Aug. 8th. The poll for the county of Middlesex, 
was this day closed, and after a long consultation and 
hearing of counsel on both sides, the sheriff declared Mr. 
Mainwaring to be duly elected. 

Towards night, symptoms of riot were manifested ; the 
mob attacked Mr. G. Gibbons as he was passing along 
privately, and obliged him to take refuge in a tradesman's 
shop ; the mob became violent, and the Guards were sent 
for, who carried Mr. Gibbons to Hatton Garden Police 
office, from which he was discharged, for having fired off 
his pistols at the mob.* 

1802, Feb. 19th. The Middlesex election came on this 
day at Brentford, the candidates are, Mr. Byng, Mr. 
Mainwaring, and Sir Francis Burdett. The town pre- 
sented a shameful scene of confusion and riot during the 
poll, nor could Mr. Mainwaring obtain a hearing from the 
noisy mob. During the heat of the poll, the populace 
amused themselves in a variety of whims, one of which, 
was the exhibition of a man placed upon the shoulders of 
another, handcuffed and heavily ironed, while another 
was employed in flogging him with a tremendous cat 'o 
* Annual Resistor, 1790. 



122 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

nine-tails, and the man who received the punishment, by 
the contortions of his countenance seemed to experience 
all the miseries which such a mode of punishment inflicts 
The shops were all shut in' Brentford, and the road 
leading to London was lined on each side with crowds of 
idle spectators. It is impossible for any but those who 
have witnessed a Middlesex election, to conceive the 
picture it exhibited, — it was a continued scene of riot, 
disorder, and tumult.* 

1804/ July 25th The Middlesex election came on this 
day. So early as six o'clock a vast crowd of spectators 
lined the way along Piccadilly and the road to Brentford. 
About seven o'clock, Sir Francis Burdett set out for the 
place in his carriage and four horses, preceded by seven 
outriders carrying large banners of blue silk, on which were 
written in letters of gold, " Burdett and Independence." 
The banners were hailed in every street by the vocifi- 
rations of the mob. 

About 10 o'clock, G. B. Mainwaring, Esq. arrived at 
the hustings, with two postillions in scarlet liveries, 
trimmed with silver, followed by ten carriages filled with 
his friends, all of whom wore sky blue favours. The colours 
of Sir Francis Burdett, were dark blue and orange. Mr. 
Mainwaring and his friends, were in many instances ill 
treated by the rabble in the interest of his opponent, who 
threw stones and otherwise annoyed his respectable party. 
P. Moore, Esq. member for Coventry, proposed Sir Francis 
Burdett to the electors for the representation of Middlesex, 
and was seconded by Mr. Knight. Mr. Mainwaring was 
afterwards proposed by Alderman Sir William Curtis, and 
the nomination was seconded by Colonel Wood. 

Each candidate endeavoured to address the poj:>ulace, 
but scarcely any thing of what was advanced by Mr. 
Mainwaring could be heard above the incessant hissing. 
The shew of hands, of course, was much in favour of Sir 
Francis Burdett, when . a poll was demanded by the 

* Animal Register, 1802. 



THE BRIDGE. 123 

friends of the opposite candidate, and at the close of 
Monday evening, the numbers were as usual declared. 

1806, Feb. 8th. This morning the committee appointed 
to try the merits of the Middlesex election assembled, the 
Right Honorable J. Corry, in the chair. No opposition 
was made by Sir Francis Burdett to the petition of Mr. 
Mainwaring, and two of the votes of the former being 
disqualified, the latter was returned duly elected.* 

County Town. — It is said that if elections have been 
held for forty years in a particular town, it becomes the 
county town.f 

The Bridge. — A bridge has existed here from a very 
early period, and a few particulars relating to its ancient 
history, derived from authentic documents may be deemed 
interesting : — J 

In the year 1280, Edward the First, by letters patent 
bearing date the 4th of December, in the ninth year of his 
reign, granted to the high sheriff, and others of the county 
of Middlesex, for the maintenance of Braynford Bridge 
and the benefit of the adjacent parts, a custom of pontage 
of several things and persons therein particularly men- 
tioned, to be taken within the said village, from the Feast 
of the Purification, for three years thence next ensuing. 

In the year 1332, Edward the Third, by his letters 
patent, bearing date February 26th, in the fifth year of his 
reign, granted to the bailiffs and others of the. village of 
Braynford for the repairing of the bridge of this village, 
pontage of several things therein particularly mentioned 

* See the state of the Poll at the several Elections, pp. 37 — 12. 

+ Gent. Mag. 1806. p. 1006. 

I Leland, speaking of Brentford, says, there is a bridge over Brent ryverel 
of three arches, and an hospital btiilded of bricke on the further side of it. 
Kin. vol. ii. p. 1. 

Upon the bed of the river being deepened some time since by the Grand 
Junction Water Works Company, the piles of the old wooden bridge were 
found and drawn out, they were very black and quite sound. Aungier's Topog. 
of Isleworth, p. "216. 



1#4 HISTORf OF BRENTFORD. 

for passing over the said bridge, to be received by such 
persons of the village as they had confidence in, for three 
years ensuing the date of these presents. 

In the year 1372, Edward the Third, by his letters 
patent, dated November the 6th, granted to the bailiffs 
and others of Braynford for the repairing of the bridge, 
pontage of several things therein particularly mentioned, 
and of any thing vendible not specified therein, of the 
value of five shillings, passing over the said bridge, to be 
received by such persons in whom they could confide, to 
continue for five years. 

In the year 1380, Richard the Second by his letters 
patent, dated March 2, in the fourth year of his reign, 
granted to John Croucher of Knightsbridge, towards the 
repairing of the king's highways from the City of London 
to Braynford, customs of the several vendible commodities 
therein mentioned, (ecclesiastical men and their proj^er 
goods bought for their use excepted) to be taken at 
Knightsbridge, or elsewhere, as he shall think expedient 
in the king's highway, for three years next ensuing. 

In the year 1382, Richard the Second renewed a like 
patent to John Croucher for the same cause, to continue 
for three years next ensuing. 

In the year 1386, Richard the Second renewed a like 
patent, dated July 4th, to John Croucher and Lawrence 
Newport, or either of them for the same cause, to continue 
for three years without the exception of ecclesiastical 
persons. And the money so gathered to be laid out in 
repairs of the said highways, at the supervisal of Goff and 
John de Saundford.* 

Brentford Bridge is built of stone, with one arch, it is 
thirty-four feet wide between the parapits, the water way 
under the bridge is fifty feet wide, and fifteen feet high to 
the summit within the arch. 

It was rebuilt of brick and stone by the county, in 1740, 

but being placed directly across the river which here takes 

an oblique direction, occasioned the bridge to form an 

irregular line, making sharp angles with the road, and it 

* Report of Public Bridges, County of Middlesex. Loud. !*•->(>. 



THE BRIDGE. 125 

was consequently extremely inconvenient and dangerous. 
For half a century it was a constant subject of complaint 
with the public; at length, in 1811, the trustees of the 
road incurred a considerable expence in widening a part 
of the bridge with timber to double its former breadth, for 
the purpose of reducing one of the angles ; after which 
the county in like manner expended a large sum in further 
improvements at the opposite angle. Yet, notwithstanding 
all these expedients, it Avas found that the evil was not 
removed. But in the year 1824, a general concurrence 
was obtained for the erection of a substantial and commo- 
dious bridge at the expence of the county, so important 
in this great thoroughfare to the safety of the public. The 
maintenance of this bridge is at the charge of the county. 
The section across the stream at flood height could not be 
correctly ascertained from the locks damming up the 
water, but the section at Hanwell bridge being 220 feet, 
it may be estimated at Brentford bridge about 242 super- 
ficial feet.* 

PATENT. 

Of certain Custom Duties \ The King to the Sheriff of 
Ranted for the Building of «[ MiddleseXj Nicho l as de North . 
Brtd(/e at Braynford. 

j ampton, and to the good men of 
the county of Middlesex, Greeting: Know ye that we 
have granted unto you in aid of building your bridge at 
Braynford, and for the convenience of adjacent places, the 
under-mentioned tolls, from the Feast of the Purification of 
the blessed Virgin, in the ninth year of our reign, for 
the three years next following complete, to be taken at 
our before-mentioned town, as well as within certain 
liberties as without, to wit ; for every cart load of building 
materials for sale, one halfpenny; for every quarter of 
corn for sale, one farthing; for every cask of wine 
for sale, cart or waggon load, four pence; for every 
quarter of salt, one farthing ; for every cart bringing fish 

* Report of Public Bridges, County of Middlesex. Loud. 1826. 



126 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



for sale, two pence ; for every horse or mare, ox or cow, 
for sale, one halfpenny ; for every horse's or mare's hide, 
ox or cow's hide, one farthing ; for every cart or wheel- 
barrow coming to the same place, one farthing ; for every 
ten fleeces of wool sold at the same place, one halfpenny ; 
for every score of sheep or pigs sold at the same place, 
One penny ; for every load of leaks or onions for sale, four 
pence ; for every cask of honey for sale, four pence ; 
for every load of iron or lead for sale, a halfpenny ; for 
every bundle of cloth taken to the same place, one 
penny ; for every hundred yards of linen cloth or canvas 
for sale, one penny. We also grant unto you in aid afore- 
said, for every Jew or Jewess* on horseback, passing over 
the aforesaid bridge, one penny ; and for every Jew or 
Jewess on foot, one halfpenny ; for every cart load of 
merchandize, one halfpenny; and for the aid aforesaid, 
and for the collecting and keeping in manner aforesaid, 
we have appointed our well-beloved Thomas de Wyk, 
John de Osterle, Thomas Tornegold, William de Newman, 
Robert Tornegold, John Sewell, that they may be 
accountable faithfully unto you tAvice in every year for 
the monies arising from the aforesaid tolls ; and for the 
aid aforesaid and for the collecting and keeping in manner 
aforesaid, we have appointed our well beloved that they 
may be accountable faithfully unto you twice in every 
year, for the money arising from the tolls aforesaid, and 
that upon your receipt, the money shall be given up for 
the carrying on of the works of the aforesaid bridge, but 



* The poor Jew could not even pass over the bridge without being sub- 
jected to a fine ! with what pathos and sympathy does the Poet allude to the 
•cruel treatment and sufferings of the Hebrew nation in a barbarous and 
unfeeling age. 

See the doom'd Hebrew of his stores bereft, 

See holy murder justify the theft, 

His ravag'd gold some useless sbrine shall raise. 

His gems on superstitious idols blaze ; 

His wife, his babe, deny'd their little home, 

Stripp'd, starv'd, unfriended, and unpity'd roam. 

Savage to Sir Robert Wat pole. 



THE BRIDGE. 127 

at the end of the aforesaid term of three years, the tolls 
shall cease utterly and be abolished.* 

Witnessed by the King at Westminster, the fourth day 
of December. 



PATENT. 

De quadam consuetudine \ Rex vicecorniti Middlesex' Nicboli dejNorth- 
concessa ad pontem de Brayn- -ampton'et probis hominibus comitatus Middle- 
foreP faciendum. ) sex' salutem. Sciatis quod concessimus vobis 

in auxilium pontis vestri de Braynford. et ad utilitatem partium adjacentium 
consuetudinem quandain subscriptam a festo Purificationis beatae Mariae anno 
regni nostri nono usque ad finem trium annorum proximo sequentium comple- 
torum infra praedictam villain restrain capiendam tarn de infra libertates quas- 
cumque quam extra videlicet de qualibet carecta carcata maeremio borda vel 
busca venali unnm obolum, de quolibet quarterio bladi venali nnum qua- 
drantem de quolibet dolio vini venali careato vel discarcato in praedicta villa 
quatuor denarios, de quolibet quarterio salis venali unum quadrantein, de 
qualibet carecta fereute piscera venalem duos denarios, de quolibet equo vel 
equa bove vel vacca venali unum obolum, de qualibet corio equi vel equae 
bovis vel vaccae venali unum quadrantem, de qualibet carecta vel rotis vena- 
libus ibidem venientibus unum quadrentem, de decern velleribus ibidem 
venditis unum obolum, de viginti ovibus vel porcis ibidem venditis unum 
denarium, de qualibet summa alleae vel ceparum venali unum obolum, de 
quolibet sacco lanae venali quatuor denarios, de quolibet dolio mellis venali 
quatuor denarios, de qualibet carecta plumbi vel ferri venali unum obolum, 
de quolibet trussello pannorum ibidem ducto unum denarium, de qualibet 
centena ulnarum linei panni vel canevacii venali unum denarium. Conces- 
simus etiam vobis in auxilium prae die turn de qualibet Judaeo vel Judaea equite 
pontem praedictum transeunte unum denarium, et de quolibet Judaeo vel 
Judaea pedite unum obolum, et de qualibet carecta carcata mercandisis unum 
obolum. Et ad consuetudinem praedictam in forma praedicta colligendam et 
custodiendam assignavimus dilectos nobis Tbomam de Wyk' Johannem de 
Osterle, Tbomam Tornegold', Willielmum de Newmam, Robertum Tornegold 
et Jobannem Sewell. Ita quod ipsi de receptione pecuniae provenientis do 
consuetudine praedicta vobis bis per annum fideliter respondeant, et per testi- 
monium vestrum liberetur pecunia ilia ad operationes pontis praedicti faciendas, 
completo vero termino pra3dictorum trium annorum consuetudo praedicta 
penitus cesset deleatur. 

In cujus rei testimonium teste rege apud Westmonasterium quarto die 
Decembris. 

* Bot. Patent. 9 Edw. I. Anno 1281. 



128 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



CHAPTER V. 

Association of the Church Missionary Society — Saint Georges' Chapel 
and Charities, Old Brentford— Places of Worship not Parochial — Baptist 
Chapel, Old Brentford — Chapel of Particular Baptists, Market Place — 
Boston Road Chapel — Albany Chapel — Brentford British Schools — British 
and Foreign Bible Society — Brentford Mechanic's Institution — Brentford 
Poor Law Union and Workhouse. 

An Association of the Church Missionary Society, 
was formed here in 1844, called the Brentford and South 
West Middlesex Church Missionary Auxiliary, under 
the presidency of Henry Pownall, Esq. of Spring Grove, 
Hounslow. 

St. George's Chapel, Old Brentford. — This Chapel 
was built in 1762, by Messrs. Trimmer, Clark, Newton, 
Fisher, and others, at their own expense. 

In the year 1824, it was made free by the aid of the 
copyholders, who sold some waste lands to the amount of 
£1200. together with the sanction of the Bishop of 
London, and the aid of the parliamentary funds ; it was 
accordingly enlarged, re-opened and consecrated for divine 
service on the 28th of January, 1828, when also the 
baptisms were appointed to be there performed, instead 
of at Ealing, as heretofore. 

St. George's Chapel is in the form of an oblong square, 
built of brick with a slated roof, a belfry over the centre 
with a clock. It was built after a design of Mr. Kirby, 
and is a pleasing specimen of his skill. 

The south front consists of a projecting centre and two 
wings. The entrance is through a circular headed door 
way, with a square window on each side, over which are 
three smaller windows, the whole surmounted by a pedi- 
ment. In each wing is a large circular headed window. 
At the west side is a circular headed window similar to 



st. george's chapel. 129 

those in the south front, and on the north are four similar 
windows ; and a square window lights the projecting 
building in this front. 

The interior is fitted up with galleries, on the north and 
south sides. At the west end are two galleries, called the 
upper and lower school (room) galleries, which are sup- 
ported by slender pillars. 

The organ is placed at the west end, between the gal- 
leries ; the former organ was placed over the great south 
door. 

On the front of the lower west gallery is the following 
inscription, and the king's arms, gilt : 

" This organ was erected by voluntary contributions, and 
the chapel was painted and embellished at the expense of 
the parish, in the year of our Lord 1833. 

" The Rev. F. E. Thompson, B.A. Minister. 

rr ■»*■ r Churchwardens" 

JLhomas Me acock J 

The Altar Piece, composed of wood, painted in imitation 
of marble, consists of a centre and two wings, surmounted 
with a pediment, and embellished with Ionic pilasters, 
and handsome carved work. The wings are terminated 
by Ionic pilasters supporting urns. 

In the centre is a large well executed painting of the 
Last Supper : in the upper part of which is represented 
an angel supporting a cross, and surrounded by cherubim. 
This Altar Piece, which is deserving of much admiration, 
was painted by and presented to the chapel by John 
ZofTani, Esq., when the chapel was first built. This 
eminent artist at that time resided at Strand-on-the-Green. 

Every head in the picture, (excepting that of Christ,) is 
a likeness. Here is a portrait of ZofTani himself. The others 
were taken from likenesses of living persons of Strand-on- 
the-Green, and Old Brentford. 

The Communion Table is plain, and on each side are 
painted in gold letters the Ten Commandments, on a white 
ground. The balustrades project in the middle in a semi- 
circular form. The whole of this elaborate Altar Piece has 
a beautiful effect. The pulpit stands in front of the 



130 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

Communion Table. The Pews occupy the centre of trie 
Chapel, and the spaces under the Galleries. The Chapel 
is warmed by six gas stoves, three on the north, and three 
on the south side. The only monumental inscription in 
this Chapel is the following, on the north Avail near the 
west end, consisting of a plain marble tablet in shape of 
a sarcophagus : 

Sacred to the Memory of William Henry Drew, 
Whose remains are deposited in the vault of this Chapel. He departed this 
life on the 9th day of December, 1831, in the 20th year of his age. 
The following verses are inscribed by an attached friend as a tribute of 
affection to the deceased. 

Shall his merits or his faults declare, 

Not oui^s to judge the uncertain road he trod, 
Heav'n seem'd to sanction him with special care, 

And guide him in the path that leads to God. 
Few seem'd his failings, not to him the praise, 

'Twas heav'n he bless'd for what in life was giv'n ; 
Grievous afflictions are his shorten'd days, 

He died, his parent's hope — his hope was heav'n. 

The building adjoining the north front of the Chapel, 
and a public vault beneath, capable of containing about 
forty coffins, and the two upper school galleries were 
erected out of the proceeds of a sale of waste land at 
Ealing appropriated to that purpose by the consent of the 
Bishop of London. The north and south galleries were 
erected by voluntary contributions. 

In 183-7, a licence was obtained for the solemnization 
of marriages in this Chapel, by virtue of the provisions of 
a certain Act of Parliament passed in the seventh year of 
King William the Fourth, entituled " An Act for Mar- 
riages in England." 

" Given at London under our hand and seal, this fifteenth 
day of August, in the year of our Lord, one thousand 
eight hundred and thirty-seven, and in the ninth year of 
our translation, 

" C. J. London." 

The district of St. George's Chapel, is bounded on the 



THE INFANT SCHOOL. 131 

north by a line commencing at, and including the house 
of G. Oliver, Esq. in Boston Road, and passes Windmill 
Lane, Drum Lane, and the Clay Ponds, to a point in 
Bollow Bridge Lane ; on the south it is bounded by the 
River Thames, the parish of Chiswick and Acton, and on 
the west, by the township of New Brentford. 

Mr. John Joshua Kirby, the talented Architect of this 
handsome Chapel, was a native of Pasham, in Suffolk, 
who, from the humble condition of a house painter, raised 
himself by his talents and industry to a respectable rank 
among the artists of his day, and was elected a fellow of 
both the Royal and Antiquarian Societies. He was born 
in 1716, and first attracted public notice by a series of 
drawings which he published, taken from the monumental 
and other antiquities of the county in which he lived. A 
Treatise on Perspective, which he edited in 1774, increased 
his reputation, and introduced him to the knowledge of 
the Earl of Bute, through whose interest he was appointed 
drawing master to Queen Charlotte, and Clerk of the 
Works at Kew Palace. His other writings are " The 
Perspective of Architecture," 2 vols, folio, 1761, printed 
at the expence of King George the Third. " A Map of 
Suffolk," 1766, originally drawn by his father. He is 
also known as the father of the celebrated Mrs. Trimmer. 
Mr. Kirby died June 21st, 1774, aged 58, and is buried 
in Kew churchyard.* 

On the west side of the Chapel stands the Girls' School, 
called the Green School, founded by Mrs. Trimmer, 
whose educational works have been so eminently useful 
in the instruction of the poor, a brick building with six 
windows on the east side, looking into the churchyard. 

The following is over the door on the south front ; — 

The Cliurcli School, 

Instituted in the year 1786, 

For religious instruction and industry. Supported by Annual Subscriptions, 

and Benefactions, and the produce of the Children's work. 

The Infant School. — This building, consisting of a 

* Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 



132 HISTORY OF liRESTFORD. 

school-room and a commodious dwelling-house, was raised 
in 1887, by voluntary contributions, with the assistance 
of grants from the Treasury, and the National Society. 
The school-room is calculated to hold 170 infants ; and 
the income of the school arises from subscriptions and 
collections made at St. George's Chapel. The trustees 
of this school are, the Vicar of Ealing, and the Minister 
of Old Brentford (for the time being) J. Howard, Esq., 
G. "W. Andrews, Esq., and the Rev. E. Trimmer. 

The Sunday Schools. — A Sunday School was re-estab- 
lished in 1839, and the children assembled in the Infant 
School. In the autumn of 1844, however, the numbers 
had increased to such an extent as to render it inconvenient 
to have all the children meet in the School Room, 
there were two schools formed therefore ; the children of 
the upper school meeting in the girl's school, and those 
of the lower, in the infant school. The numbers on the 
books are about 300 ; those in attendance about 230 : the 
teachers are all voluntary, and exceed thirty in number. 

Visiting Society. — A Society for visiting and relieving 
the sick and lying-in poor, has been in operation for some 
years, having been established in 1832. It is supported 
entirely by voluntary contributions, and accomplishes a 
great amount of good, above 200 persons receiving relief 
and nourishment in the course of each year. 

Incumbents, or Ministers of this Chapel. 
1795. Rev. H. Plimley. 
1810. Rev. J. Nicholas, LL.D. 

Rev. W. Meyers. 
1828. Rev. H. W. Simpson, M.A. 
1830. Rev. F. E. Thomson, B.A. 

The Baptist Chapel, Old Brentford, was opened 
on January the 1st. 1819, the Church was formed at 
Mr. Upperdine's Chapel, at Hammersmith, often persons, 
on January 19th, 1820. Mr. David Jones of Hereford, 






BOSTON ROAD CHAPEL. 1-33 

was ordained pastor, who continued with the people one 
year and then left, and the Church was destitute till 
February, 1825, when Mr. J. A Jones, of Ringstead, was 
settled as pastor among them, and continued about six 
years and a half, and then resigned his office, and was 
succeeded by Mr. C. Robinson of Hampstead, who laboured 
among them thirteen years. The Church is now destitute. 
The number of members uniting with each other during 
three years was 172, many of whom are fallen asleep. The 
present number is 71. 

The Church of the Particular Baptist's Deno- 
mination was formed in the year 1802, the Rev. Moses 
Fisher was the pastor. In the year 1808, the present 
Chapel Avas built, the erection of which devolved upon 
the late Rev. John Barter Pewtress, of London, and Mr. 
Alexander Wood, of Brentford. The Chapel was supplied 
by various ministers until the settlement of Mr. Groser, 
in the year 1820. Since his decease it has been supplied 
by various ministers. The Rev. Thomas Smith is the 
minister at the present time. The Sunday School consists 
of boys and girls. This Chapel is situated at the north- 
west corner of the Market place. 

Boston Road Chapel. — The foundation stone of this 
edifice was laid the 12th of August, 1782. The Rev. 
Matthew Bradshaw, whose remains are deposited in the 
burial ground of the Chapel, delivered an address on the 
occasion. 

The property was put in trust for the use of " Protest- 
ants dissenting from the Church of England." 

The Society, or Church and Congregation that occupied 
the Chapel had previously worshipped in a Meeting-house 
opposite Ferry Lane, long since pulled down ; and on the 
site of which, shops are now built. They had subsisted 
as a body regularly organized, having a settled pastor, and 
keeping a Church Book, which is continued to this time, 
from the year 1693. It is said traditionally that John 
Bunyan occasionallv ministered at Brentford. 



134 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



The first pastor of the Church, Mr. John Walker, died 
27th September, 1724, having been pastor thirty years. 

He was succeeded by Mr. Joseph Baker, whose last entry 
is dated October, 1760, making a pastoral of thirty-six 
years. 

Mr. Matthew Bradshaw succeeded — his first entry is in 
1761, and his last is in 1791, he also having been pastor for 
thirty years. He was interred on the 9th of January, 
1792, aged 63. 

Mr. Bradshaw continued pastor of the Church for nine 
years after the erection of the present edifice. 

After Mr. Bradshaw's decease the Society gradually 
underwent a change ; and in the close of the year 1840,the 
Church and Congregation, previously established in Albany 
Chapel, Brentford, being allowed the possession of the Butt's 
Chapel by the trustees, with unanimous consent removed 
thither ; and Albany Chapel, after an afternoon service 
had been held in it for a short time, was resigned to the 
trustees and remained closed for about two years. 

On the removal of the Society from Albany Chapel, the 
pastor (William Clarke Young,) printed an Address of 
which the following is an extract. 

" The Church and Congregation at Albany will bear in 
mind, that the resolution of the trustees, giving admission 
to the Chapel, has respect to them as the Church and 
Congregation of Albany Chapel, and that the principles 
avowed by them in past times are, so far as consistent 
with God's word, to be held still. The trust deed of 
Albany Chapel describes such principles by a reference to 
their designation as Independents, and to the Westminster 
Assembly of Divines. In common with all Protestants, 
Independents, or Congregationalists, they profess to hold that 
the Scriptures, and the Scriptures alone, contain the prin- 
ciples of their faith, the rule of their duty, and the law of 
their discipline ; and they profess to discover, in the lively 
oracles, a revelation of the Father, the Son, and the Holy 
Spirit, as the One Deity — holding the Unity of the divine 
nature as certainly as they hold the distinctions in it: a 
mystery to which they yield the assent of faith, but attempt 



mechanics' institution. 185 

not to explain. They also profess to discover in them 
the atonement of the Lord Jesns Christ, and the work of 
the Holy Spirit in regeneration and sanctification : and it 
behoves us to contend earnestly for the faith once delivered 
unto the saints." 

The first service, by the present occupants, was held in 
the afternoon of Sunday, December 20, 1840, when the 
pastor preached from the 17th Chapter of Luke, 5th verse, 
"Increase our faith!" 

Albany Independent Chapel. — This Chapel was built 
by subscription in the year 1829, principally through the 
means of a lady then resident in the neighbourhood. 

There is a Sunday School held in the Chapel. The 
present number of Boys and Girls is ninety. The pulpit 
is at present supplied by occasional ministers. 

Brentford British Schools. — These schools, situated 
in Old Brentford, were established in 1834, in aid of 
which the Committee received from the Treasury the sum 
of two hundred and fifty pounds, and by Donations and 
Subscriptions, two hundred and forty-two pounds ten 
shillings and sixpence, making together £492. 10s. 6d. 

Treasurer,— THOMAS FARMER, Esq. 

Secretary?— Mb. S. T. WOOD. 

Managed by a Committee of Ladies and Gentlemen. 

Disbursements in 1844, £202 10 | Receipts £190 10 8 

Mechanics' Institution. — This Institution was formed 
at the close of the year 1835, on the principle "of alio wing- 
all classes to subscribe at a moderate rate, and to receive 
in return the benefits of a reading-room well supplied with 
newspapers and periodicals; a library stocked with standard 
works, and lectures on scientific and entertaining subjects. 

After struggling sometime in a doubtful state of exist- 
ence it became firmly established. It has numbered 
among its lecturers some of the most eminent of the 
present day. Mr. Sheridan Knowles ; Mr. B. Smart ; 
Mr. Homing; Mr. R. Adams; Mr. C. H. Adams; Dr. 



136 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

Vaughan ; Mr. Stroughton ; Mr. Hersee ; Mr. Rowton, 
and Mrs. Balfour may be mentioned as examples ; and 
local lecturers have not been backward in shewing their 
desire to instruct their neighbours. F. Bonney, Esq., the 
late John Farrell, Esq., Mr. Honeybone, Mr. Bontems, and 
the Rev. F- E. Thompson, have on many occasions exerted 
themselves to this end. The present subscription is, for 
members, at the rate of ten shillings per annum, payable 
quarterly; and for Ladies, eight shillings per annum, also 
payable quarterly. The Ladies attend Lectures and have 
books from the library, but have no vote or influence in 
the management of the institution. The library contains 
at present 1115 volumes, and besides this excellent col- 
lection, Messrs. Saunders and Ottley supply at intervals 
a selection of modern works for the amusement and 
instruction of the members. The Lectures are delivered 
once in each fortnight, except during the months of June, 
July, and August, when it is at the discretion of the Board 
of Managers whether there shall be any lectures at all. 
The Board itself consists of men of all parties and ranks. 
The present state of the institution. 

President,— THOMAS BERRY ROWE, Esq. 

Vice-Presidents,— GEORGE COOPER, Esq. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Esq. 

Rev. F. E. THOMPSON, B.A. 

Treasurer,— LAURENCE ROWE, Esq. 

Receipts £141. Os. 3%d. \ Expenditure ..£182. Is. r i\d. 

The South West Middlesex Auxiliary Bible 
Society, formed in the year 1833. 

President,— HENRY POWNALL, Esq. Spring Grove, Hounslow. 

Vice-Presidents. — Rev. J. BENSON, D.D- Incumbent of Hounslow, 

G. OLIVER, Esq. Boston Road. 

Rev. F. E. THOMPSON, B.A. Incumbent of Old Brentford. 

Treasurer,— THOMAS FARMER, Esq. Gunnersbury House. 

Receipts £'110. Is. 2d. — Expenditure £9(5. 12s. 9d. 

Including a grant of £41. to the Parent Society. 

The Brentford New Poor Law Union. — In pur- 
suance of an Act of Parliament, passed in the fourth, and 
fifth years of the reign of King William the Fourth, 
entituled " An Act for the Amendment and better Admi- 



BRENTFORD UNION WORKHOUSE. Id i 

nistration of the Law relating to the Poor in England 
and Wales/' the Poor Law Commissioners ordered and 
declared that the following parishes should be formed into 
a Union, viz. : — New Brentford, Ealing, Hanwell, Chis- 
wick, Isleworth, and Acton. 

Brentford Union Workhouse, situate in the parish 
of Isleworth. This building, erected under the provisions 
of the New Poor Law Act, from the designs and under 
the superintendance of Lewis Vulliamy, Esq., architect, is 
in the style of architecture that prevailed about the time 
of Queen Elizabeth. The walls are faced with red brick, 
and dressed with stone heads, sills, jambs to the doors and 
windows, stone plinths, copings, string courses and quoins. 
The roofs are covered with slate, Avhich is not in strict 
conformity with the style, no other covering being used in 
the period to which the style of architecture refers but 
tile. The great superiority of slate rendered this deviation 
desirable. 

The house is intended to accommodate four hundred 
paupers, besides the master, mistress, and nurses. The 
paupers are divided into three classes, and each class into 
male and female, who have all separate yards, wards, and 
dormitories, viz. for aged and infirm poor, for able bodied 
persons who cannot find employment, and for children. 
There are also sick and infirm wards, and lying-in wards ; 
a surgery, water closets, work rooms, store and provision 
rooms. 

The Board-room where the Guardians meet once a 
week to transact the business of the poor, and an office 
for the clerk adjoining, are on the first floor over the 
entrance hall ; just behind is the School-room, which is also 
used as a Chapel on Sundays. The Dining-hall is on the 
ground floor, at the back part of the building, and serves 
also as a Chapel for the adults. The space occupied by 
the buildings and yards is 177 feet broad, and 180 feet 
deep, and the height of the building varies from one to 
three, and in the centre and wings four stories. The 
entire cost of the building was about £7500. The wish 



138 HISTORY OF J5RENTFORD. 

of the Guardians in this Union was to have a buildiii"- 

o 

which should not present any of the prison-like associations 
so usual in buildings of this description, this they con- 
sidered as desirable, not only as regarded the inmates, but 
also the inhabitants of the houses in the neighbourhood, 
to whom a building in the style in which workhouses are 
usually built would have been objectionable, and have 
deteriorated the value of property in the vicinity. They 
wished, too, that as a feature in the country, it should add 
to, rather than detract from the appearance of the scene, 
from whichever side it was viewed. 

The situation is central ; the level of the ground rather 
flat and low, but healthy, on account of the substratum of 
soil being principally composed of gravel for twelve or 
fourteen feet deep, under a very thin layer of vegetable 
mould. 

Chapel and Guild of All Angels. — In 1446, Henry 

the Sixth, by letters patent, granted license to Master John 
Somerseth, to found a certain hospital and fraternity, or 
guild, in a certain chapel likewise founded by him at 
Brentford, and in the parish of Isleworth, to be dedicated 
to the honour of the nine orders of Holy Angels. 

The immediate site of the chapel, near Brentford Bridge, 
and some adjoining houses, afterwards came into the 
possession of one Philip Godard, who, dying in 1762, 
bequeathed them to his nephew, Thomas Huggins, and 
his wife, afterwards to remain to the use of the charity 
school of Isleworth for ever. Elizabeth Huggins, the 
survivor, died in the course of the year 1794 ; but the 
bequest being contrary to the statute of mortmain, it 
became null and void. There were* no vestiges of All 
Angels' Chapel remaining when Glover made his survey 
in 1635 * 

* Aungier's Hist, of Isleworth, pp. 181, 225. 



BOUNDARY, 139 



CHAPTER VI. 



New Brentford — Boundaries and Extent — Population and number of Houses — 
The Ham — The Butts and Market Place — The Brent — The Grand Junction 
Canal — Boston Road — The Half Acre — The County Court — The Petty 
Sessions — The Town, Houses, and Inns — Sir W. Noy's House, now Mr. 
Ronald's — The Great Floods — Arrival of Queen Victoria. 



The eastern boundary line of New Brentford commences 
in the Thames and runs up the head of the Town Meadow 
to the Lock-House, thence crosses the Grand Junction 
Canal, and passes through the premises occupied by Mr. 
Grainger, crossing the High Street into the Half Acre, and 
continuing directly up Boston Road, then following a small 
water course on the right hand, inclosing some fields of 
Colonel Clitherow's, being part of Boston Farm. 

The northern boundary continues from the eastern 
point, crossing the Hanwell Road to the Gospel Oak, 
down to the Grand Junction Canal, which it crosses to 
the River Brent. The southern boundary is formed by 
the old course of the River Brent, being the greatest part 
of it in the Grand Junction Canal, till it reaches the Town 
Meadow, where it encloses a portion of the Duke of 
Northumberland's lands, then falls again into the course of 
the Brent, and finishes in the Thames. 

It appears upon consulting the deed of commutation 
under the hand and seals of the Tithe Commissioners, that 
the large tithes were commuted for a rent charge of £60. 
to the rector of Hanwell, subject to the parochial rates, 
which had on an average amounted to £10.; the small 



140 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



tithes were commuted for £85., the average of the rates 
having amounted to £15. 

The whole quantity not subject to tithe within the said 
parish is fifty-two acres, being the sites of houses, ware- 
houses, out-buildings, yards, wharfs, public roads, so 
much of the River Thames, as is within the said parish, 
portions of the old River Brent, and the Grand Junction 
Canal and Towing Path, also the Market Place, and two 
large open spaces not common, nor waste land, called the 
Ham and the Butts. 

The whole of the parish comprehends 220 acres, 162 
acres subject to the payment of tithes. Of arable, garden, 
and nursery grounds, 121 acres : wood and ozier ground, 
4 acres. 



Population and Land Tax. — An increasing, health- 
ful, and virtuous population, constituting an essential part 
of national wealth, is a proper subject of enquiry and 
investigation. Previously to the year 1801, the population 
of Great Britain had been estimated by ingenious calcula- 
tions only ; then for the first time, a census by parliamen- 
tary authority was taken throughout the kingdom, which 
has been four times repeated. The following returns relate 
to this parish: — namely, in 1841, 

New Brentford — Acres, 230 ; Houses inhabited, 384 ; Uninhabited, 22. 

Population — Males, 1,018 ; Females, 1,150 ; Total 2,174. 
Elthorne Hundred — The returns of the parish of New Brentford, includes 
ninety-eight persons in barges. 

The quota paid to the land-tax by this parish is 
£433. 18s. ll^d.f being at the rate of about 2s. 4:\d. in the 
pound. 

The rateable value of New Brentford is £6006. 

The omnibuses perforin 136 journies daily, or 2595 
miles daily. 

The annual amount of fares is 50,000. 

The number of long coaches on the road previously to 



THE TOWN MEADOW. 141 

the establishment of the railway was eighty-three daily, 
but they are now reduced to eight. 

The excise duties for Brentford amount annually to 
£450,000. 

The Ham. — This is a detached part of the Manor of 
Boston, consisting of about two acres, upon which stands 
the Boy's school, which was conveyed by the Lord of the 
Manor for that purpose. It was formerly a place of 
recreation for the inhabitants, but the cutting of the Grand 
Junction Canal through it, and other local encroachments 
have much curtailed it. 

The walks down by the meadows towards the river are 
very agreeable in fine weather. 

The Butts and Market Place were originally a 
common or waste in the manor of Boston. In 1664, John 
Goldsmith, Esq. lord of the manor, conveyed it, consisting 
of nine acres and a half, and the soil thereof, to William 
Parish. This curious and uncommon grant was probably 
made to prevent any future grant of any part of the land, 
on which houses might be built to the injury of Mr. Parish, 
who bought the ground to build on, and he did imme- 
diately build. The trees are not the property of the lord 
of the manor ; the great row of elms were planted in 
1700, by Richard Merewether, Esq., Mr. Lateward's 
grandfather. Every person has a right to come on the 
Butts and return with horses and carriages, but the way 
through the Castle Yard and the Market Place is private, 
the latter to be open on market days. There was a road 
to the mill formerly through the Pigeon's Yard, over a 
bridge there across the Brent, and through part of the 
Pigeon's Field. The owner of the mill has a right of 
passage through the market and bar without any acknow- 
ledgment, under the lease granted by Mr. Hawley, which 
allowed all " such ways and passages." 

The Town Meadow. — One acre belongs to the Duke 
of Northumberland, six acres to the Bishop of London, 



142 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

which six acres arc included in a lease granted by the bishop 
of the manor farm of Greenford to Mr. Lateward, and six 
acres to Dr. Johnson. After Lammas-day, the whole is 
commonable for the inhabitants of New Brentford.* 

The River Brent rises near Finchley Common, and 
after forming in its winding course the western boundary of 
the parish, it falls into the Thames. " It was petitioned 
that the wears upon the river called Braint, in the county 
of Middlesex, parcel of the river Thames, may be taken 
away." To which it was replied, "that the Statutes thereof 
made shall be executed," 50 Edward the Third, AD. 
1376. f Bishop Percy has observed, that in England, 
although the names of the towns and villages are almost 
universally of Anglo-Saxon derivation, yet the hills, 
forests, rivers, &c. have generally retained their old Celtic 
names. % 

The river Brent gave name to an ancient and opulent 
family of these parts. The most remarkable man of this 
name was Fulke de Brent, who, for matchless prowess 
and daring courage, was so beloved by King John that 
he gave him in marriage Margaret, the daughter of Warren 
Fitzgerald, his Chamberlain. This Fulke enjoyed the 
same favours with King Henry the Third, for by his 
great valour the king gained the victory at Lincoln against 
Lewis, son of the second Philip, king of France, and his 
rebellious barons. But not long after, boasting much 
upon his great prosperity and his former services to the 
state, and presuming upon his sovereign's lenity, he 
committed many horrible outrages, for which he was 
condemned to perpetual banishment, in which he ended 

* Colonel Clitlierow's Manorial Papers. 

+ Under this (Sion House) the small river Brent issueth into the Thames, 
and springeth out of a pond, vulgarly called Brown's Well, for Brent Well, 
that is in old English, Frog Well, passes down between Hendon, which Arch- 
bishop Dunstan, born for the advancement of monks, purchased for some few 
Bizantines, which were imperial pieces of gold coined at Byzantium, or Con- 
stantinople, and gave tbem to the Monks of St. Peter of Westminster. 

Gibson's Camden's Middlesex, p. 810, 326, 

t Preface to Translation of Mallet's Northern Antiquities, vol. j. p 39. 



PETTY SESSIONS. 143 

his days at Rome in extreme misery, and was there buried 
most ignobly, in the year 1226.* 

The Grand Junction Canal was cut under an Act 
obtained in the year 1793, and begins at Braunston, in 
Northamptonshire, were it joins the Oxford Canal, and 
falls into the Thames at Brentford. By this inland navi- 
gation, the metropolis is connected with all the different 
canals which have been made in the midland and north- 
western parts of England; and thus a cheap and easy 
conveyance is afforded for all the various articles of manu- 
facture, and the produce of the counties through which 
the line of the canal passes. 

The County Court. — Brentford is within the juris- 
diction of the county magistrates, and by an Act of 
Parliament passed in 1750, it is enacted, that the County 
Court of Middlesex, or such persons as are qualified to 
serve on juries, or in the superior courts in "Westminster, 
together with the County Clerk, may determine debts 
under forty shillings, in a summary way, and that the 
Sheriff of Middlesex, by his County Clerk, shall hold his 
Court for that purpose on the first Tuesday in every 
month, at some convenient place within the hundreds 
of Isleworth or Elthorne. This court is held constantly 
at Brentford, at the " Three Pigeons," by a barrister 
appointed for that purpose, who determines cases before 
a jury of three of the inhabitant householders of the 
town. 

The Petty Sessions for the division of New Brentford, 
comprising the parishes of Hanwell, Greenford, Perivalc, 
Norwood, Heston, Isleworth, and Twickenham, are held 
by the local magistrates at the Three Pigeons, and 
where the magistrates sit in Petty Sessions Court every 
Saturday, exercising the functions of Police Magistrates. 
The meetings of magistrates for public business has been 
held at this Inn for upwards of a century. 
* Weever's Fun. Mon. p. 532. 



144 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

The Boston Road runs up to the Uxbridge Road, 
and about half way up is situate the ancient manor 
house ; on the south it joins the Half Acre, which it is 
supposed takes its name from the strip of land which 
here forms the eastern boundary of the parish of New 
Brentford.* 

The Town of Brentford extends a mile in length, 
the High-street at the western end makes a very respect- 
able and business like appearance, being lined on both 
sides with good shops, and the weekly recurrence of the 
market greatly adds to the traffic and convenience of 
the town. 

Several old inns also still exist to preserve the remem- 
brance of former times, though stripped by modern 
conveniences of much of their ancient utility and conse- 
quence. Among these, the most conspicuous is The 
Three Pigeons, called in ancient deeds, The Three 
Doves. This remarkable hostel, situated at the western 
corner of the Market-place, dates its origin from the days 
of Shakspeare and Ben Johnson. The house in the 
interior is still in its ancient state, having above twenty 
sitting and sleeping apartments, connected by a projecting 
gallery at the back, and communicating by several stair- 
cases to the attics, with numerous dark closets and 
passages. This very ancient inn is frequently mentioned 
by the early dramatists, and appears at one time to have 
been in some repute, and it is remarkable as having had 
for its landlord, the celebrated tragedian, John Lowin, a 
cotemporary of Shakspeare, and one of the original actors 
in his plays, who died in this house at a very advanced 



Thou art admirably suited for the Three Pigeons 
At Breutford, 1 swear I know thee not." 

Old Play. The Roaring Girl. 



See Page 62, ante. 



ANCIENT HOUSES. 145 

" We will turn our courage to Braynford — westward, 
My bird of the night — to the Pigeons." 

Ben Johnson's Alchymist. 

Julian or Gillian of Brentford, was an old woman 
residing at Brentford, who had the credit of being a witch. 
She is frequently alluded to by Shakspeare, and the early 
dramatists, in no very creditable terms.* 

" I doubt that old hag Gillian of Brentford has bewitched me." 

Westward Hoe. 

" What can be made of Summer's Last Will and Testament 
Such another thing as Gillian of Brayneford's witch." 

Summer's Last Will. 

The Red Lion Inn, situated at the eastern corner of 
the Market Place, has existed here since the middle of the 
fifteenth century. It was in this house that King Henry 
the Sixth held a Chapter of the Order of the Garter in 
the year 1445.f 

This house has undergone such a renovation of late 
years, that little remains of its ancient state ; the interior 
and the outside walls have been stuccoed and white- 
washed. 

The White Horse Inn, situated in the Market Place, 
has existed ever since the time of Elizabeth, as appears by 
the parish books. % 

The Castle Inn, situated to the eastward, is also very 
ancient, and occupies a large space of ground facing the 
High Street ; it is the principal inn used by travellers. 

The most ancient private dwelling house, if we may 
judge from the exterior, is that inhabited for many years 
by Mr. Ronalds, and is undoubtedly of the Elizabethan 
period, as may be seen by the engraving. 

* See the preceding allusion to Shakspeare's " Merry Wives of Windsor," 
p. 86, ante. 

+ See page 14, ante. 

j George Wood dwelinge at the signe of the White Horse, in the Market 
Place, the xxvii day of February, 1603. — Burial Parish Register. 

L 



146 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 




SIR WILLIAM NOY'S HOUSE. 

It is said by tradition to have been inhabited by Sir W. 
Noy, Attorney-General to Charles the First, whom we learn 
from various authorities to have lived near this spot. 

Noy " says Howell in his Italian Prospective/' a great 
cried up lawyer, put it into the head of King Charles to 
impose an old tax, called the " Ship Money,* upon the 
Subject," which the said lawyer did warrant upon his life 
to be legal, for he could produce divers records how many 
of his progenitors had done the same. 



* A writ was directed to the Sheriff of every county in England, to provide 
a ship of war for the King's service, and to send it amply provided and fitted, 
by such a day, to such a place, and with that writ were sent to each sheriff instruc- 
tions that, instead of a ship he should levy upon his country such a sum of 
money, and return the same to the treasurer of the navy, for his Majesty's use. 
Hence the denomination of ship money. — Clarendon's Hist. vol. ii. p. 04. 



THE FLOODS. 147 

With infinite pains and indefatigable " says Howell in 
his Letters" he came to his knowledge of the law, but I 
never heard a more pertinent anagram than was made of 
his name William Noy, " I moyl in Law." 

He left an odd will, which is short, and in Latin. Having 
bequeathed a few legacies, and left his second son one 
hundred marks a year, and five hundred pounds in money 
to bring him up to his father's profession, he concludes, 
" Reliqua meorum omnia primogenito meo Edvardo, dis- 
sipanda (nee melius unquam speravi ego.)" I leave the 
rest of all my goods to my first born Edward, to be con- 
sumed or scattered ; for I never hoped better.* 

" Mr. Noy continues ill, and is retired to his house at 
Brentford, passing by with my Lord Collington to Han- 
worth, I saw him much fallen away in face and body, but 
as yellow as gold, peppered mightily with the jaundice. 
They apprehended him to be in much danger, for his 
waters continue, which drain his body." He died at Brent- 
ford, August 9, 1634,f and was buried in the church.J 

It is no wonder that we have so few old houses. Till 
about the year 1200, there were very few stone houses, 
and none tiled or slated ; they were built with wood, and 
thatched with straw or reeds. In the year 1189, Richard 
the First ordered that they should be built with stone to a 
certain height, and that they should be covered with slate 
or burnt tile. This order was repeated, but it was long 
before it was observed. 

A few of the old houses in Brentford afford good spe- 
cimens of the ancient style of building, called Elizabethan, 
but more usually pertaining to the period of James the 
First. Their pointed gables, and enriched verge boards, 
pierced in every variety of pattern, their finials and pen- 
dants, and pargetted fronts, give an air of the picturesque, 
contrasting broadly with the stiffness of the modern brick 
buildings. 

Great Flood in the Year 1682. — A very violent 

* Seeward's Anecdotes of Distinguished Persons, vol. iii. p. 283. 
t Strafforde Letters, vol. i. p. 262. J See page 56. 

L 2 



148 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

storm of rain, accompanied with thunder and lightning, 
caused a sudden flood which did great damage to the town 
of Brentford. The whole place was overflown, boats rowed 
up and down the streets, and several houses and other 
buildings were carried away by the force of the waters. 

In the churchwardens' books are the following entries 
relating to this calamity. 

April 26, 1682. Paid the watermen in bread, beer, 
and brandy, that brought their boats to save the people 
from the flood this day . . ..£060 

Paid for clearing water out of the church, 

mops, &c. . . . . . . 9 

It appears also, that the wall of the churchyard, and 
the pews in the church, received considerable damage. 
Mrs. Clitherow, of Boston House, has a printed copy of the 
Brief granted to the sufferers upon this occasion, by which 
it appears that their loss was estimated at £718. 

It appears from the newspapers of the day, that storms 
and floods were general throughout the country, causing 
the most alarming accidents : — 

" Last night through the violence of the rain, the floods were so high 
npon the road between this and London, that a man on horseback was over- 
whelmed, whereby they were both drowned. The horse now lies upon the 
road, and the man at an adjoining house." — Loyal Protestant, April 26, 1682. 

" The great rain that fell on Tuesday night, hath done great mischief in 
many places in the countries, but the particulars we cannot yet have. The 
waters of the river are everywhere very high, a man and his horse were 
drowned between Croydon and Camberwell, and at Hockley-in-the-Hole, 
above .£1000. damage was sustained among the brewers, and one child was 
washed out of its bed and found the next morning dead." 

The Protestant Mercury, April 27th, 1682. 

" By several letters we have advice that by reason of the great rain which 
has lately fallen, there is hardly any travelling in the country without great 
danger, for several passengers have lost their lives, and among others, the 
York stage coach missing the road was turned over, and all the passengers 
drowned, the coachman only escaping. Also in the west we hear a waggon, 
horses, and all the passengers miscarried." 

The Protestant Mercury, May 10th 1682. 

On Saturday night, January 1, 1841, another fearful 
inundation occurred at Brentford, occasioned by the 



THE FLOODS. 149 

bursting of the banks of the reservoir of the Paddington 
canal, about eight miles to the north of Brentford. 

The water, it appears, was first observed to be rising 
about half-past twelve o'clock, but no fears of an inunda- 
tion being entertained by the persons residing near, they 
retired to rest. Towards two o'clock, Police constable 
Smith, who was on duty near the bridge, observing the 
water still increasing, awakened some of the boatmen 
belonging to what are called " monkey-boats," large 
numbers of which were moored off the different wharfs 
abutting on the canal, and cautioned them to be on the 
alert for their own security. At that time, and even up 
to half-past three o'clock, immediate danger was not 
apprehended, but a few minutes before four o'clock, a 
loud noise was heard to the north of the town, which 
every moment sounded nearer and nearer, and it was soon 
ascertained that the narrow stream of the Brent had over- 
flowed its banks, and was pouring itself into the already 
increased waters of the canal. Numbers of boats, barges, 
and lighters, were instantly torn from their moorings, and 
driven with great force through the bridge towards the 
Thames. At the same instant, also, the accumulated waters 
having overflowed all the premises north of the high road, 
burst through two avenues by the houses of Mr. Brasher, 
near the bridge, and Mr. Farrell directly opposite the 
church, filling the lower rooms. The police immediately 
alarmed the inhabitants to a sense of their danger, and where 
some who were too deeply buried in sleep to be aroused 
by the knocking, they forced their doors open. Men, 
women, and children — many of them in their night clothes 
— were soon seen running in all directions for shelter, 
while the roaring of the water and the screams of the 
wretched inhabitants of the monkey-boats, borne along on 
the stream, and of the individuals inhabiting the numerous 
cottages, were most appaling. In a very short time all 
the houses at that portion of the town were flooded, and 
the water rising rapidly, the occupiers of the houses near 
the Market Place commenced damming up their doors, 
and there is no doubt that the whole of New Brentford, 



150 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

would shortly have become under water, had it not found 
itself an outlet at the bottom of Church Alley, adjoining 
the Church, by washing down the wall of the extensive 
nursery grounds of Messrs. Ronalds, and another wall at 
the southern extremity of the grounds, by which it joined 
the stream of the canal, near its outlet to the Thames. 

In the tan-yard of Mr. Norris the inundation did great 
mischief; the whole of a large quantity of tan, with 
which the warehouses were stored, was carried away by 
the stream. The escape of a man and his wife, of the 
name of Birch, who had the care of the premises, was 
most providential. They were awakened from their sleep 
by the water entering their bed, and they had only time 
to jump out, and, by climbing on some out-buildings, got 
upon a wall at the rear of the premises of Mr. Matthews, 
a cooper, near the Market-place, who was aroused by their 
screams for assistance, and who, by means of a ladder, got 
them down in safety. 

During the early part of the day fears were entertained 
that the whole of the crews of the boats, which had 
been wrecked were drowned, and much interest was 
excited to ascertain the fate of a family of seven children, 
who, with their father and mother, named Tolley, it was 
known were on Saturday evening on board one of the 
boats belonging to Messrs. Price and Sons, of Brierly-hill. 
It was, however, in the afternoon, ascertained that they 
had been saved as the boat was being driven along by the 
current, by the exertions of a family named Ayres, living 
in a cottage at the bottom of Boar's Head-yard, who, as 
the boat passed the window, succeeded in dragging in the 
seven children ; the father and mother were also saved. At 
the next cottage were also two sisters of the name of Foster, 
each with one child, who were rescued from another boat. 
No less than twenty-one men, women, and children, saved 
their lives by climbing over the wall of the Duke of Northum- 
berland's grounds, and taking refuge in a cow-house. 

Every possible assistance was immediately rendered by 
those of the inhabitants who had not been reached by the 
inundation. Amongst the most active was the Rev. Dr. 



THE FLOODS. 151 

Stoddart, the vicar of New Brentford, Trho 5 although his 
own residence was partly under water, strenuously exerted 
himself in assisting all who needed it ; and the exertions 
of Inspector Macquard and the police of the T division 
will not be soon effaced from the memory of the inha- 
bitants. 

About four o'clock the water was at the highest, and 
the only means of communication between the houses near 
the bridge was by means of a boat. Towards six o'clock the 
water was gradually decreasing, and daylight was anxiously 
looked for that the extent of the mischief might be ascer- 
tained. 

Above the bridge, the damage was not so extensive 
as below it. Below the bridge, a short distance on 
the right were found five large barges, driven by the force 
of the water against the wharf of Mr. Fowler,* an exten- 
sive wharfinger at Brentford End and swamped — some 
lying over others. They belonged to Mr. Charles Saun- 
ders, lighterman, of Strand-on- the-green, KeAv-bridge ; 
and were laden with 1,300 quarters of corn, and 350 
quarters of linseed ; but it was nearer to the mouth of the 
outlet to the Thames where the greatest damage was done, 
and where a scene of shipwreck unparalleled so far inland 
was to be seen. The spot in question is at the bottom of 
Boar's Head-yard, near the Old Workhouse, a turning 
leading from the high road nearly opposite the Market- 
place down to the canal. From this spot the canal passes 
through some meadows, and there is a foot bridge across 
it; and near that bridge were piled up craft of various 
descriptions, to the number of fifteen ; and the number, 
there is no doubt, would have been more had not the 
pressure of the water forced down a large portion of the 
wall of the grounds of his Grace the Duke of Northum- 
berland, by which the pent-up water obtained an outlet, 
carrying with it four or five barges. Some of these vessels 
were topsy-turvy, others on their sides, and portions of 
five could be distinctly seen peeping above the water, 

* This gentleman, being aged and infirm, was much, shocked at the occur- 
rence, and died suddenly the same evening. 



152 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

piled on the top of each other. It was impossible at the 
time, from the great swell of the water, to ascertain to 
whom they belonged, the nature of their freight, or what 
had become of their crews ; and it was feared that several 
lives had been sacrificed. 

At other parts of the canal several barges and lighters 
foundered, and many sunk. The barge Susan, the pro- 
perty of Mr. Skeele, lighterman, of North Hyde, near 
Southall, went to pieces, and the body of one of the persons 
on board of her, named William Spruce, about seventeen 
years of age, was picked up about eleven o'clock, jammed 
between the rails at the bottom of Catherine-wheel-yard, 
covered by some tarpaulin. It was immediately conveyed 
by the police to the Catherine-wheel public-house, in the 
High-road, to await a coroner's inquest. 

In the course of the morning, Messrs. Hazard, Strange, 
and Layton, three of the Guardians of the Brentford Union, 
visited some of the indigent sufferers to afford them relief, 
and Dr. Stoddart, and Messrs. Bunting and Hopkins, 
Churchwardens, of New Brentford, visited others with 
the same object, and Dr. Stoddart procured two rooms to 
be prepared at the Infant School for their reception. 

Subscriptions were immediately opened in behalf of the 
sufferers by the flood, the receipts of which amounted to 
£813. 17s. the whole amount of which was disbursed 
among the boatmen and their families, to the crews of 
fifteen barges, to the poor families of New Brentford, and 
to tradesmen and others of New Brentford, whose pro- 
perty was much damaged or destroyed. 

Rejoicings on the Arrival of the Queen. — The 
latest event of note in the History of New Brentford, was 
the celebration of Queen Victoria's marriage with His Royal 
Highness Prince Albert, and their arrival at Brentford on 
their wedding-day. The oldest inhabitant cannot remember 
such a spirit of loyalty, unity, and enthusiasm, as was mani- 
fested by all ranks on the joyful occasion of the Queen's 
marriage. It was determined to erect two triumphal 
arches in the High Street, and to give a dinner to the 



ARRIVAL OF THE QUEEN. 158 

children of the national and all other schools in the parish. 
A committee had been appointed, consisting of the Rev. 
Dr. Stoddart, the Vicar ; the Parochial Officers, Messrs. 
Grainger, Hopkins, Ronalds, Bunting, and Mr. Joseph 
Hinge, to collect the subscriptions of the inhabitants, and 
to carry out the objects of the meeting. A handsome 
subscription was readily obtained, and all necessary 
arrangements expeditiously prepared. Early on Monday 
morning a merry peal of bells from the church, announced 
the arrival of the happy day, and a large union jack was 
hoisted on the tower. The arches being completed, were 
richly ornamented with evergreens of all kinds, and also 
with flags, white favours, devices, and variegated lamps. 
On the centre of the western arch, opposite the church, 
was placed a very large imperial crown, having the initials 
V. A. on each side of it, and underneath, the motto 
il United and Happy." Over the eastern arch, near the 
Castle Inn, were two largs stars, with the initials V. A., 
and underneath, the word " Welcome," all of which were 
illuminated in the evening, and presented a splendid 
appearance. Soon after twelve o'clock, the children of 
the various schools, in number exceeding two hundred, 
assembled in the boys' national school in the Ham, which 
was most tastefully decorated with laurel, &c. and each 
child was presented with a white bow, and a copy of the 
national anthem, " God save the Queen," having the two 
following stanzas added for the occasion by Dr. Stoddart : 

Welcome to Britain's coast 
Albert ! Victoria's boast, 

Noble and brave. 
Hail ! this their wedding day, 
Hail ! their united sway, 
Bridegroom and Bride, we pray 

God bless and save ! 

Henceforth may faction cease, 
Love, joy, and wealth increase, 

Guardian supreme ! 
May rich and poor rejoice ! 
Welcome with heart and voice ! 
Albert ! Victoria's choice ! 

God save the Queen ' 



151 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

One o'clock announced to the young and anxious 
expectants, the arrival of an excellent dinner, prepared 
by Mr. Tinson, of the Pigeon's Inn, consisting of roast 
beef and plump pudding. After the cloth was drawn, 
Dr. Stoddart, in an appropriate address, proposed the 
health of the Royal Pair, which was drunk by the children 
and responded to by a numerous and respectable company, 
with as much enthusiasm as could possibly be expressed 
by long, loud, and often repeated huzzas. The national 
anthem was then sung by the singers of the New Brent- 
ford choir, with much spirit and effect, every stanza being 
repeated in full chorus by the whole assembly. Mr. 
Cooper afterwards proposed the healths of those who were 
subscribers to the National Schools, all of whom had 
contributed to the festivities of the day, particularly 
naming Colonel Clitherow and his family, who had for so 
many years deeply interested themselves in the welfare 
of the schools, and all other institutions in the place. The 
children were then conducted to the seats arranged for 
them in the front of the churchyard, where, with the 
committee, they waited the arrival of the Queen and her 
Royal Consort, and where their welcome and huzzas were 
most graciously acknowledged by the Royal party. The 
whole line of the road was densely thronged with people, 
and many very respectable persons from the neighbour- 
hood were to be seen on the pavement or in their carriages, 
waiting for the royal procession. In the evening, the 
Pigeons and the Castle Inns and several houses were 
illuminated, and large flags with devices, not forgetting 
the true lover's knot, were exhibited from the windows. 
Thus ended these joyous festivities, all persons expressing 
their entire satisfaction with the arrangements adopted by 
the committee, and declaring their conviction that neither 
old nor young could ever forget the various pleasing 
circumstances which occurred on this eventful occasion. 



THE HALF ACRE. 155 



CHAPTER VII. 

Old Brentford — Boundaries and Extent — Population — Half Acre, Windmill 
Lane — Mrs. Trimmer — The High Street — Elver Ayts — The Ferry — Wharfs 
and Manufactories — Timber Yard, Saw Mills — Soap Manufactory — Police 
Station — Pottery — Brewery — Brentford Distillery — Gas Light Company — 
Grand Junction Water Works — Brick Kilns and Tilery — Kew Bridge. 

Old Brentford lies within the Kensington division of 
the hundred of Ossulstone, it is bounded on the north by 
Ealing, of which parish it is a hamlet, on the west by New 
Brentford, on the east by Chiswick, and on the south by 
the Thames,* and includes a population of two thousand 
four hundred and eleven males ; two thousand six hundred 
and forty-seven females, making a total of five thousand 
and fifty persons; with nine hundred and ninety-nine 
inhabited houses, forty-seven uninhabited, and twenty- 
three building. 

The Half Acre running north from the High Street, 
forms the western division, leading to Windmill Lane, 
in which resided for many years, the celebrated Mrs. 
Trimmer. 

The benefits conferred on the district by the exertions 
of this truly christian family were great, they mainly 
assisted in the erection of the chapel of St. George, and in 
the establishment of the Girls' and Infant Schools, and 
they were ever foremost and ready in every charitable 
and benevolent design. The mother of the family resided 
for many years at a cottage situate at the western extremity 
of Windmill Lane, of this house Mrs. Trimmer makes 
frequent mention in her entertaining Memoirs, but since 
her decease it has been pulled down, and two houses 



* See the boundary line expressed at page 131, in treating of the district, 
of St George's Chapel. 



156 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

have been built on its site. There does not appear to be 
any public tribute better suited to perpetuate the respect 
due to the memory of the honoured dead, and to stimulate 
the exertions of the living, than a tablet or mural monu- 
ment to be placed in St. George's chapel, the centre of 
their labours, and the sacred edifice in which they attended 
public worship for so many years. This affectionate 
tribute of regard is proposed to be erected by subscription, 
without the participation of the members of her surviving 
family ; and from the approbation that has attended its 
announcement, no doubt need be entertained of its ultimate 
success and accomplishment. 

Mrs. Trimmer. — Among the points of dissimilitude 
between earlier and recent times, the advancement of 
female character is not the least remarkable. While with 
uncivilized man, the terms woman and slave, are almost 
identical, in the enlightened nations of modern Europe 
the star of female excellence has long arisen, and the pre- 
judice is now verging to extinction, that the one-half of 
the species is designed for household drudgery and pros- 
tration. In poetry, in epistolary, and dramatic excellence, 
in general literature, and even in the severer sciences, not 
a few are the productions of the female pen ; and while 
each has excelled in the path of her ambition, the name 
of Mrs. Trimmer, as public instructress, is almost without 
a competitor. 

Mrs. Trimmer was the daughter of Joshua and Sarah 
Kirby, and was born at Ipswich, on the 6th of January, 
1741. Her father, Joshua Kirby, has distinguished him- 
self by some able writing on Perspective and Architecture, 
in which sciences he had the honor to instruct his Majesty 
King George the Third, when Prince of Wales, and after- 
wards his Royal Consort. Mr. Kirby was also President 
of the Society of Artists of Great Britain, previously to 
the establishment of the Royal Academy. It was the last 
desire of Gainsborough to be buried by the side of his old 
friend Kirby, and their tombs adjoin, in the church-yard, 
at Kew. 



MRS. TRIMMER. 157 

His father, John Kirby, is known as the authoi of one 
of our earliest topographical works, as well as of a useful 
little volume called, the " Suffolk Traveller," 1735. 
Mr. Kirby married Sarah, the* daughter of Mr. Bull, of 
Framlingham, (Suffolk,) and the fruit of their union is 
the subject of this memoir. 

It has been said, that when we write unaffectedly and 
in earnest, a unity of sentiment will pervade our writings ; 
and the remark is, perhaps, exemplified in the following- 
letter, written by Mrs. Trimmer in her eleventh year, and 
which exhibits the child's first letter marked with the 
same character as her later productions. 

Ipswich, Dec. 4:th, 1751. 
Dear Grandpapa and Grandmama, 

As I now think myself capable of writing a letter, 
I do not know of any to whom I can address myself with 
more justness and propriety than yourselves ; for you are my 
parents in a double capacity, and, therefore, may reasonably 
claim my utmost duty and gratitude. By your indulgent 
care, under the gracious hand of Providence, you have 
blest me with the best of mothers. Let me, therefore, beg 
a continuance of your blessing and prayers, to enable 
me to set a right value on the privileges I enjoy by being 
a rational being, and to put in practice the duties I owe 
to God, my neighbour, and myself; and it shall be my 
daily prayer to the Almighty, that he will make the 
remainder of your lives happy, and receive you at last 
into everlasting felicity. My grandmama and grandpapa 
Kirby, and all my papa's family, join in suitable commen- 
dations with your most obedient and dutiful grand- 
daughter, 

Sarah Kirby." 

As a girl, Milton's Paradise Lost was her constant com- 
panion. It was this circumstance which so pleased t the 
great Dr. Johnson that he invited her to see him, and 
presented her with a copy of his Rambler. In early life 
she would naturally derive improvement from the intel- 



158 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

lectual conversation of such men as Sir Joshua Reynolds, 
Dr. Gregory Sharp, Hogarth, Gainsborough, and others 
with all of whom her father was on terms of intimacy. In 
her twenty -first year she married Mr. Trimmer, a person of 
exemplary character and sound religious principles. From 
this period to her death, she continued to reside at Brent- 
ford. She had twelve children, and her only surviving 
child, the He v. H. S. Trimmer, of Heston, has kindly 
furnished the present documents. 

The latter half of the last century, the era of Mrs. 
Trimmer's public life, was, it need hardly be said, a 
period of transition and movement. Earlier modes of 
strength were breaking down, and opinions the wildest 
and most mischievous were floating on the disturbed 
elements of society. The propagandisnr of infidel and 
unsettled principles was actively at work, and charaterizes 
the period. In resistance to these tendencies were arrayed 
the wise and good ; and among these is to be enumerated 
Mrs. Trimmer. The unwearied object of her life was the 
improvement of the children of the poor, or in the later 
phraseology, the enlightenment of the masses. At the 
present day when education is so generally advocated, it 
is difficult without an effort of thought, to contemplate the 
ignorance which then prevailed, and the prejudices which 
opposed its removal. It was not a cloud that darkened 
the humbler classes only, but it cast its shadow over all. 
The success of Mrs. Trimmer's educational exertions may 
be estimated by the high reputation of her works, and 
their extensive circulation, which, after the lapse of half a 
century, are steadily gaining ground. Neither has their 
usefulness been limited to the United Kingdom ; it has 
extended to the colonies and slave population, and even 
to the United States of America. 

But the system of education advocated by Mrs. Trimmer, 
was not a system of mere intellectuality, but one based 
upon religion, and in connection with the Church : and her 
efforts were successfully directed against the latitudinarian 
views of Joseph Lancaster, at a time when they were most 
rapidly spreading, and had received the most powerful 



MRS. TRIMMER. 159 

support. It was at Mrs. Trimmer's persuasion that Dr. 
Bell was induced to enter the field, and that the way was 
paved which eventually led to the ascendency of sounder 
views, and the establishment of the National Society. 

Mrs. Trimmer died in her seventieth year, on the 15th 
of December, 1810. Her death was sudden, and without 
previous illness, but full of calm and peace. Reading 
over at her writing table the letters of an esteemed friend, 
her head sunk upon her bosom and she " fell asleep ;" 
and so gentle was the wafting, that she wore for some 
hours the look of a refreshing slumber, which her family 
were unwilling to interrupt. 

Mrs. Trimmer was of a most cheerful and happy dispo- 
sition, devotedly attached to all her children and the 
object of their united affection. She was humble, 
diffident, and retiring. She was acute in her feelings, 
but without passion or excitement ; and presented in her 
daily life the absence of all selfishness, and an anxiety to 
oblige. She was a stranger to the thirst of literary renown, 
still more to the thirst of literary gain, and the proceeds 
of her numerous works were chiefly given to the poor. 
The education of the poor was her great aim, and her 
writings gave a well-directed impulse to education. She 
was habitually an early riser, and devoted the break of 
day to meditation and study. The benevolence of her 
character obtained the gracious condescension of her 
sovereign, George the Third, her Majesty Queen 
Charlotte, and the female branches of the Royal Family. 
She also received the sanction of the Church; and on 
the list of the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge, 
not only does she stand alone as a female writer, but 
her works are more numerous than those of any writer. 
Her works are well known ; they are remarkable for their 
piety, practical character, and plainness. In short, the 
character of Mrs. Trimmer presents the rare combination 
of talent without pride, and of piety without asceticism. 

From the numerous letters of condolence received by 
her family at her decease, the three following have been 
selected as bearing an honourable testimony to her worth ; 



160 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

the first from Shutc Barring-ton., Bishop of Durham, the 
second from the author of the Madras System, and the 
the third from a distinguished foreigner. 

Cavendish Square, April 12, 1814. 
Madam, 

I sat down to the perusal of the two most interesting 
volumes which you had the goodness to send me, with the 
earnest wish to meet with few interruptions in my progress. 
That, however, has not been my lot ; my thanks, there- 
fore, have necessarily been delayed till the present 
moment. Accept them with an opinion that nothing can 
be more honourable to the memory of your most respect- 
able mother than such a picture of her heart, as she has 
drawn in her journal. That picture must be faithful, as 
it exhibits her intercourse with that Being to whom all 
hearts are open, all desires known, and which she meant 
should never be inspected by any human eye. Such an 
instance of piety and of the uniform discharge of every 
duty, is hardly to be met with in the history of the 
most distinguished early Christians. Her prayers are not 
to be equalled but by Bishop Taylor's. Her children are 
now enjoying the blessings of having been educated under 
such a mother, and are deriving the comforts which result 
from the principles which she instilled, and the example 
which she set. 

I am, Madam, 

with much regard, 

Your faithful Servant, 
From the Bishop of Durham, S. Dunelm. 

To Miss Trimmer. 

The next is from Dr. Bell, dated December, 31, 1810. 

My dear Friends, 

Deeply affected as I have been by the death of 
your inestimable mother, I have not ventured to break 
in upon the first effusions of your grief, and have refrained 
till now, the mingling of my sorrow with yours. The 



MRS. TRIMMER. 161 

friend, the patroness, the exemplar of virtue and piety ! — 
she has left a blank in society which it were not easy to 
fill up otherwise than by those, who I verily believe, 
inherit her talents and virtues, and have been formed 
under her fostering hand, to that character which she held, 
and who, I trust, will tread in her steps, and follow up 
the pious works to which her life was devoted. If their 
grief be great as the loss they have sustained, they will 
not grieve as those who have no consolation, for surely 
theirs are no common consolations — arrived at an advanced 
age, she could look back on a life well spent — on a life 
spent in a manner the most meritorious and most exten- 
sively useful, in advancing the best interests and only 
real happiness of her fellow-creatures. Thousands who 
mourn her departure, revere her memory, and wish that 
they were as she now is — ten thousands educated in her 
school of virtue, formed by her instructions, and reclaimed 
by her admonitions, bear unerring testimony to the good 
which she has done, and generations yet to come will rise 
up and call her blessed ! How precious the legacy which 
she has left to all of us ! That knowing she will not return 
to us, it may be our study to go to her, and behold her 
encircled with that crown which so many gems unite to 
adorn. That you and your brothers and families, may 
also enjoy many happy years, and be in like manner useful 
in your generations is the sincere prayer of your most 

Affectionate Friend, 

A. Bell. 

The concluding letter is from M. Deluc. 

My dear Madam, 

I have already returned you my thanks for your 
welcome present, on seeing only the outside of it ; but I 
cannot express to you the gratification which I have 
received from the inside. I have been very long to 
acknowledge it, because I have been long in enjoying the 
whole. I am confined on a chair in my room, not being- 
able to move from it without help, but thank God, I am 

M 



162 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

able to employ my time with my pen, as did your worthy 
mother ; and I have always a book by me to read while a 
page dries, which is also a relief to my head. For this 
purpose the two volumes you have been so good as to 
give me have been a treasure, much more surely than they 
can be to the common of readers, as I have had the happi- 
ness of knowing personally the respectable Author, and 
her so feelingly lamented consort. But her modesty 
prevented that a transitory intercourse could manifest her 
whole soul ; it could not be judged that every moment of 
her life was employed in a communion with our heavenly 
Father and our Saviour. Notwithstanding all her troubles, 
she has been one of the happiest of mortals, for during her 
stay upon earth, she was already in heaven; and she 
received an anticipated reward of the blessing her Journals 
would spread in society when published. In reading it, 
my daughter also felt happy to have seen her here. "We 
unite in best wishes for the happiness of you and all your 
family. There is a blessing that will never fail, the 
religious seeds which she has sown in the best ground 
cultivated by her. 

I am, with sincere gratitude and esteem, 
My dear Madam, 
Your faithful and humble Servant, 
To Miss Trimmer. J. A. Deltjc. 



The High Street in its course eastward, is lined along 
the north side with shops and private houses, and on the 
south side are situated the great wharfs and manufac- 
tories of the town. 

It is said that King George the Second was always 
much pleased with the outward appearance of the High 
Street, on his journies to Windsor, from its having so 
great a likeness to his German towns. 

Tradesmen's Tokens. — Connected with the trade of 
the town, is the subject of tradesmens' tokens. It appears 
that from and during the reign of Queen Elizabeth to that 
of Charles the Second, the victuallers and tradesmen in 




THE FERRY 163 

general, that is, all that pleased, coined small 
money, or tokens, for the benefit and conve- 
Inience of trade. And for this, in a manner, 
there was a perfect necessity, since at that 
time there were but few brass half-pennies 
coined by authority, and no greater quantity 
of farthings, which likewise were very small. 
The traders continued to make them in this 
manner until the year 1672, when King- 
Charles the Second having struck a quantity 
of half-pence and farthings for the intention 
and exigencies of commerce, these nummorum 
famuli were superseded, and an end put to these shifts 
and practices of the victuallers and shop-keepers, as being 
no longer either necessary or useful.* 

Brentford Aytes. — There are two aytes near to Old 
Brentford, one of which is commonly called Brentford 
Ayte, a very pleasant spot of ground, on which is a public 
house, which of late years, has been greatly improved by 
making therein several fish ponds, and other ornaments for 
the more agreeable reception of those who should make 
use of this house : another ayte which nearly adjoins this, 
is planted with oziers. These aytes are not included 
within the boundary line of Ealing. 

The Ferry is the property of John Haverfield, Esq. 
the site and the produce being let upon lease, but no 
buildings are allowed to be erected. Near the ferry there 
formerly stood a public house on the banks of the river. 
It was much frequented by the most notorious highway- 
men, on account of the ease with which they could cross 
to the Surrey side, if pursued. And many of the inhabi- 
tants of Brentford used also to frequent the house from 
curiosity to see and converse with those men. This public 
house fell to pieces about thirty years ago. 

Mr. Montgomrey's Timber Yard. — These extensive 

* Numismatic Journal, vol. i. p. 273. 
M 2 



164 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

premises have been occupied as a timber yard for more 
than a century. The present proprietor purchased them 
about forty years ago. Here is every kind of timber used 
in building, and mahogany, some specimens of which, at 
present to be seen here, are of extraordinary magnitude. 

The Steam Saw and Planeing Mills are in full activity, 
and give constant employment to a great number of hands. 
The premises extend along the water side, and command 
beautiful views of Kew Gardens, on the opposite side of 
the river, as well as extensive prospects upwards towards 
Isleworth, and downwards towards Kew. 

Close by the road side, are situated seven small alms- 
houses which have lately been repaired out of the Ealing 
Dean rents. 

The Police Station was established here in the year 
1830, consisting of a division of the letter T. 

The Committee Room, Engine House, and Parish Cage 
is a substantial building, and was built in 1818, at the 
expence of £600. 

The Soap Manufactory is carried on by Messrs. T. B. 
and L. Howe, since 1799. The premises had been previously 
occupied as a garden. A considerable number of men are 
employed; the concern is very pleasantly situated upon 
the banks of the river. 

Sir Felix Booth's Distillery, and Brewery annexed, 
are situated on the north and south sides of the High 
Street. The water-mill near the water side, by its height 
forms a conspicuous object from the Thames. The 
bullock house is the largest in this country, and is capable 
of holding three hundred head of cattle. Over this is 
the granary, which holds 15,000 quarters of corn, and is 
supported by seventy-two columns. The quantity of the 
spirit distilled is from 800,000 to 1,000,000 of gallons 
annually. The amount of duty annually paid is from 



SIR FELIX BOOTH. 165 

£320,000 to £400,000. The whole of the premises occupy 
about eleven acres of land. 

The Second Voyage to the North Pole, the scheme 
of which was submitted in 1827, to Mr. Sheriff Booth, 
with whose liberality and spirit, Capt. Ross was well 
acquainted, but as at that time, the Parliamentary reward 
of £20,000. was still held out to the discoverer of a north- 
west passage, he declined, therefore, undertaking, in 
what might be deemed by others, a mere mercantile specu- 
lation. 

In 1828, Capt. Ross again submitted his plan to the 
Admiralty, but the answer was unfavourable ; he then 
applied to Mr. Thornton, a well known London merchant, 
but after a delay of three months he experienced a refusal. 
Soon after a Bill was brought into Parliament, to repeal 
that reward which had been hitherto held out for the dis- 
covery of a north-west passage. These events had the 
advantage of at least removing the scruples of Mr. Sheriff 
Booth, and Captain Ross accordingly received from him, 
in the most liberal and disinterested manner, entire power 
to provide on his account, all that was deemed necessary 
for the expedition. 

On the 23rd of May, 1828, every arrangement having been 
made complete, Captain Ross arrived at Woolwich, and 
at three o'clock his deservedly esteemed friend Mr. Booth, 
with his nephew, and two more gentlemen, went on board 
with the intention of accompanying them to Margate, and 
they sailed at six, and arrived at Gravesend at eleven 
o'clock. They weighed anchor at six o'clock on the fol- 
lowing morning, and upon their arrival at Margate, they 
hailed a fishing boat, when his best friend and his com- 
panions took leave, little foreseeing at that time the length 
of their separation, and the doubts that would hereafter 
arise, whether they should ever meet again on this side of 
eternity. 

The subsequent discoveries and protracted duration 
of this remarkable voyage, are too well known to be 
animadverted on here ; but the princely spirit of muni- 



166 HISTORY OF BRETFORD. 

licence and 'generosity which Sir Felix Booth exhibited 
on this occasion, deserve to be recorded on worthier and 
more lasting pages than these; they were, indeed, duly 
honoured and appreciated by his Sovereign, and have 
acquired him the admiration and esteem of the present age, 
and will assure him the gratitude of posterity.* Sir Felix 
Booth is son of the late Philip Booth, of Russell Square, 
and was created a baronet in 1834, with remainder, in 
default of male issue, to the male issue of his brother 
William Booth, Esq. of Roydon Lodge, Essex. 

Messrs. J. Hazard and Co.'s Brewery. — This concern 
was purchased by Sir Felix Booth, and the premises 
rebuilt in the present handsome form. The brewing of 
ale and beer is carried on to a great extent, and the large 
building extends near to the water side. 

The Royal Hotel adjoining, was also built by Sir 
Felix Booth, and is a capacious and agreeable house, the 
river front is very extensive and elegant, it is much 
frequented by gentlemen, and travellers on the western 
road. 

Saint George's Chapel which forms a pleasing and con- 
spicuous object on entering the town of Brentford, has 
already been described in pages 128, 129. 

The Brentford Gas Light Company, incorporated 
by Act of Parliament, was formed in the year 1821, 
the works having been previously erected by Messrs. 
Barlow. That Act authorized the raising of £30,000. as 
a capital of the company, with power to raise a further 
capital of £7,500. if necessary. The whole of the above 
capital was raised and expended in the course of a few 
years, and in consequence of the great extent of the dis- 
trict, and of the increasing demand for gas in its various 
parts, it was necessary to raise a further sum of money 
under an Act for that purpose obtained in 1842, which 

* See Captain Ross's Narrative of Second Voyage to the Arctic Regions, 
1829, 1838. 



GRAND JUNCTION WATER WORKS. 167 

authorized the Company to borrow on bonds, a sum not 
exceeding £20,000. 

The Company have a very wide district, for they light 
Brentford, Isleworth, Hounslow, Twickenham, Richmond, 
Chiswick, Turnham Green, Hammersmith, Shepherd's 
Bush, and the principal parts of Kensington. 

The Grand Junction Water Works Company, is 
situate near Kew Bridge. The Premises belonging to this 
Company occupy altogether about 12 acres, new and 
extensive reservoirs are now being formed, and a new 
engine house erected. All these works will be hereafter 
fully described. 

It appears from the following affidavit, that bones and a 
skeleton had been found in the soil of this neighbourhood 
upwards of seventy years previous to the discoveries of 
Mr. Trimmer already described.* 

" George Armitage maketh oath, that about Michaelmas 
last was twelvemonth, as he and others were clearing a 
pit for tile clay for Mr. Thomas Barratt of Old Brentford, 
about twenty-two feet deep, he dug up the bones of a 
large beast of the bull kind. The strata of matter under 
which they found it were first about eight feet of brick 
earth, about twelve feet of gravel, and under sand of about 
three feet, in which lay this skeleton of a monstrous size, 
it seemed to be a perfect beast, but he took very little 
care to preserve any part of it entire. f 

The mark of 
George -\- Armitage." 
Sworn before me, this 
Fifteenth day of February, 1740, 
C. Lockyer. 

Near Green Dragon-lane north of the High-street, is 
the ground called the Dead Mans' Graves : tradition 
declares that it is so called from having been the burial 

* See page 0, ante. + Brit. Mus. Sloane MSS. No. 4437, ibl. 409. 



168 



HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 



ground for the bodies of those who died of the plague in 
the reign of Charles the Second. 

The new North-road is a new street so called, branching 
north from the High-street, towards the fields leading to 
Ealing. 

The following singular names occur in Old Brentford, 
north of the High-street, Poppet's Pardon — Troy Town — 
Cyrus Piece, (a field) ; Cole's Hole, a deep hole well filled 
with water, stocked with abundance of fish; but the 
natural food which they find there is [so good, that the 
most skilful angler, with the most tempting bait can rarely 
catch any. 

On the south side of the road are erected four alms 
houses with a circular open way in the centre, over which 
is the following inscription. 

Erected 

In the year of our Lord, 

1794. 

GEORGE UNDERWOOD, ) ni , . 

' I Churchwardens. 
JAMES MILLEE, } 

Kew Bridge. — A wooden bridge was built over the 
Thames at Kew, by Mr. John Barnard, in pursuance of 
an Act of Parliament obtained in the thirtieth year of 
George the Second, and it was finished in 1739. 

The first stone of the present bridge, of which Mr. 
Payne was the architect, was laid June 4th, 1783, and it 
was opened September 22, 1789 ; this bridge, which is of 
free stone, is 400 feet in length, exclusive of the abut- 
ments, and consists of seven arches, the central one of which 
is sixty-six feet wide, and twenty-two feet high. It was 
originally the private property of Robert Tunstall, Esq. ; 
having been built at his expence, as the former was at the 
expence of his father, who was proprietor of the ferry. 

It is now the private property of T. Robinson, Esq. 
who purchased it of the representatives of the late owner 
in the year 1819, and who is now the proprietor of the 
adjoining brick and tile kilns formerly carried on by the 
late Mr. Trimmer. 



HEALTH OF BRENTFORD. 169 

Kew Ferry. — Grant to Basill Nicholl, and of the 
ferry called Kew Ferry, in the tenure of Walter Hickman, 
parcel of the Manor of Hampton Court.* Of all that 
passage of the water over the Thames called Kew Ferry, 
situate in the counties of Surrey and Middlesex, or in one 
of them, with all its rights, liberties, profits, and appur- 
tenances whatever to the said passage or ferry belonging 
or appertaining, late in the tenure or occupation of Walter 
Hickman, Esq. or his assigns, by the particular whereof 
mentioned to have been assigned to him at the yearly 
rent of 13s. 4d. parcel of the possessions of Hampton 
Court. To hold to them and their assigns for ever. 

Health of Brentford. — On a cursory view of the 
circumstances of this town, one might be disposed to con- 
sider it unhealthy. Several large factories are continually 
tainting the air and the river, with their emanations and 
refuse materials. There is no uniform or efficient system 
of street drainage or sewerage, and many of the smaller 
class of houses are so ill constructed, and so deficient in 
the supply of water and other conveniences, as to be quite 
unfit for human habitation. Add to this, the previous 
livelihood of the tramps and garden labourers who abound 
here, and- the dirt and intemperance by which poverty is 
too generally accompanied, and we have little apparent 
cause to expect any great degree of healthiness. 

But in fact, the mortality of Brentford is by no means 
high, nor are its epidemics frequent or severe. Typhus 
is rare; and cholera, when at the worst, was far less 
formidable than in many other towns. 

The lowest rate of mortality in England is that of the 
south-western counties, which have one death per year in 
about fifty-two of population. In London about one in 
thirty-eight dies annually ; in Brentford and the parish of 
Ealing, nearly one in forty-four. This county town, 
therefore, holds a middle place in point of salubrity 
between the metropolis and the agricultural districts. 

* Pat. 7 Car. p. 4, Nov. 28. n. 1. 



170 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 

That the sanatory condition of Brentford is thus far 
satisfactory, may probably be due to its situation on the 
bank of the tidal river, to the inclined surface and porous 
quality of its soil, and to the fact that the houses of the 
alleys and back lanes, where disease might be expected to 
originate, are not so high as to impede ventilation, and 
are seldom provided with cellars, the inhabiting of which 
is in so many towns, as in Liverpool especially, a fertile 
source of disease. It is, no doubt, favourable to the air of 
Brentford, that it is surrounded by market gardens, which 
are invariably kept clean and well drained. 

The total number of births and deaths in the districts 
of Brentford, comprising New Brentford and Ealing, at 
the end of the seventh year of the operation of the New 
Registration Act, was, births 2154, deaths 1673. The 
average being 307 f births in each year, and 239 deaths in 
the same period. The excess of births over deaths being; 
481. 



THE 



HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 



OF 



EALING 



THE 

HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 

OF 



EALING. 



CHAPTER I. 

Name — Situation — Boundaries and Extent — Roads and Highways — Popu- 
lation — Agriculture and Soil — Land Tax — Parochial Eates. 

Name. — This parish is not mentioned in Domesday 
book, but it is supposed to be included in the Manor of 
Fulham. The manner of spelling its name varies much 
in ancient records, viz. Yelling, Yealinge, Zelling, and 
Ealing ; though Newcourt does not mention the last, it is 
certain that it has ever been most prevalent, and is now 
universally adopted. 

Ealing is in the Hundred of Ossulstone, in the county 
of Middlesex, and in the Diocese of London, and is 
situated about seven miles west of London. It is bounded 
on the east by Chiswick, Acton, and Twyford ; on the west 
by New Brentford, Hanwell, and Greenford; on the 
north by the river Brent, Harrow, and Perivale ; and on 
the south by the Thames. 

The parish is about three miles and a half from north 
to south, and two miles one furlong from east to west, and 
about thirteen miles in circumference, being nearly an 
oblong square. It contains about three thousand eight 
hundred acres according to the late parochial survey. 
There are also twenty-six acres of land lying in the 
parish of Chiswick, which belong to Ealing. 

The parish is nominally divided into upper and lower 



174 HISTORY OF EALING. 

sides ; the parochial business of the upper or Ealing side, 
is superintended by an upper side churchwarden and two 
overseers; that of the lower or Brentford side, by the 
same number of officers as the upper side. But the rate- 
payers of the entire parish constitute one vestry, and the 
parochial rates and expences are brought to one general 
account. 

The poor rates are much reduced, being on an average 
of three shillings in the pound. This parish is included in 
the Brentford Poor Law Union, and sends five guardians 
to the board. 

The parish pays the sum of £981. 2s. to the Land Tax, 
which in the year 1844, was at the rate of one shilling in 
the pound. 

Ealing has about sixteen miles of private roads sup- 
ported by the parish, under an Act of Parliament passed 
in the year 1767, called " An Act for the more effectual 
Repairing and Widening the Highways within this Parish, 
and for Lighting the Street in Old Brentford, from KeAv 
Bridge to the Half Acre." This Act is under the manage- 
ment of sixteen trustees, and the annual amount of rate is 
generally about nine pence in the pound, one shilling is 
the full extent allowed by the Act. 

The soil is various, viz. clay, gravel, and loam, or brick 
earth. In a stratum of gravel in this parish as before 
related, have been found many bones, and horns of deer, 
and below these strata lies the great body of blue clay, in 
which are abundance of nautili and other marine shells. 

The village of Ealing is situated on the north and south 
side of Uxbridge-road, at the distance of about seven 
miles from Tyburn Turnpike. 

The Population within the two last centuries, appears 
to have increased in a proportion of more than five to 
one. In 1795, there were about seven hundred houses 
in the parish ; about five hundred of which were within 
the hamlet of Old Brentford; according to the returns 
made to Parliament, under the Population Act passed in 
1811, there were then 922 inhabited, and 2\ uninhabited 
houses in the parish ; the population at that time was 5361 ; 



POPULATION. 175 

the present number is, according to the last official returns, 
as follows : — 



Population, Males 1,590 

Females 1,630 



EALING. 

Houses Inhabited »588 

„ Uninhabited 49 

„ Building 9 



Total 3,220 



Total.... 646 



LITTLE EALING. 



Population, Males 49 

Females 80 

Total.... 129 



Houses Inhabited 20 



OLD BEENTFOED. 



Population, Males 2,411 

Females 2,647 



Total 5058 



Houses Inhabited 999 

„ Uninhabited 47 

„ Building 23 

Total.... 1069 



The entire parish of Ealing, (including 71 haymakers 
temporally employed, and 17 persons in barges) contains 
8,407 Inhabitants. 

Yearly averages of Poor Rates. Expenditure. 

s. d. £. s. d. 
On the nine years previously to the introduction of the 

New Police -3 4 4278 

On the six years from the New Police to the forma- 
tion of the Union 4 1 5134 6 8 

On the eight years since the formation of the Union 2 10 3978 13 3 

Shewing an annual average 

Increase in the former period of 9 .... . 856 6 8 

Decrease of the latter of 1 3 1155 13 5 

Assessed by House Duty. — Eeceived by Taxes <£l,280. 

Ditto in Window Duty 2,166 

Ditto in other duties 2,754 

Parochial Eental of buildings £l 9,532. 

Land 12,627. 

Empty 1,089. 

Vestry Votes, Ealing and Brentford, 778. 
The above includes pluralities. 58 Geo. 3, cap. 69, clause III. 



176 HISTORY OF EALING. 



CHAPTER II. 

Rectory and Vicarage — Vicars — Ancient Inventory of Church Goods — Monu- 
ments and Inscriptions — Charities and Benefactions — Charity Schools — 
Extracts from the Parish Books — Church Bells — Parochial Perambulations. 

The Old Church having fallen down on the &7th of 
March, 1729, an Act of Parliament was passed for 
rebuilding it, and a brief was obtained for that purpose, 
but it was more than ten years before the new church was 
completed. 

It is a brick building, forming an oblong square, of 
which the chancel occupies a certain portion. At the 
west end is a square embattled tower. The church is 
40 feet high, 95 feet long, and 50 feet wide, and paved with 
stone ; the pews are grained, and painted white inside. 
The pulpit is octagonal and grained, as well as the reading 
and clerk's desks, which are quadrangular. The cieling 
is white, ornamented in the centre with a large rosette 
from which is suspended a handsome brass chandelier, 
there are also rosettes at the four corners. 

The three galleries are supported by 12 pillars; in the 
front are painted in gold letters the parochial charities. 
At the west end is placed the organ in a plain mahogany 
case. The east end or chancel, is occupied by a large 
Venetian window with pilasters, underneath the centre 
space is covered with crimson cloth, on which is embroi- 
dered the monogram I. H. S. On either side is written 
in black letters, the Decalogue on a variegated marble 
painted ground. Two antique carved oak chairs are 
placed on each side of the Communion Table, and the 
rails are of mahogany. 

The Parish Church of Ealing is dedicated to 
St. Mary, and is subject to the jurisdiction of the Bishop of 
London, or his Commissary. Robert de Balmeis, Bishop 




ST. MARY'S CHURCH, EALINC. 




ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, OLD BRENTFORD. 



PARISH CHURCH. 17 i 

of London, in the reign of Henry the First, gave the 
tithes of Ealing to angment the salary of an officer in the 
church of St. Paul's, called the Master of the Schools. 
But this officer or Master of the Schools, being afterwards 
changed into Cancellarius, or Chancellor of the Church, 
it is not unlikely, but these tithes of Yeling, upon that 
or upon some other occasion, reverted to the Bishops 
of London, for it appears, that in the year 1308, the 
church of Ealing was appropriated by Bishop Baldock 
to the Chancellor, on certain conditions, viz. to pay the 
sum of £10. per annum to the Vicar of Ealing, and to 
read lectures in divinity, either in his own person, or 
by a sufficient deputy, on penalty of forfeiting the whole 
profits of the rectory, a third of which in that case, was 
allotted to a lecturer, a third to the repairs of St. Paul's 
Cathedral, and a third for the maintenance of the greater 
and lesser Canons of the Church.* In the taxation of 
1327, the church of Ealing was rated at twenty-five marks. 
In the reign of Edward the Sixth, the rectory was valued 
at £22., the vicarage at £13. 65. Self 

The parsonage of Ealing, valued at £84. 85. per annum 
over and above the reserved rent, was sold in the year 
1650 to Thomas Lycott, Esq., the lessee, for the sum of 
£524. 12s. The vicarage with its glebe, was then valued 
at £60. per annum. The late Dr. William King was 
lessee of the rectory, the lease of which was purchased 
of his representatives by the late Thomas Bramley, Esq., 
of East Acton, and the late Mr. Thomas Harrington, of 
Old Brentford. The lease is now the property of Thomas 
Smith, Esq. and the Rev. Thomas Jennins Bramley. The 
rectory house is in the tenure of Dr. Francis Nicholas. 
The vicarage is in the patronage of the Bishop of London; 
the present vicar is the Rev. John Smith, B.D. 

* The rectorial property upon the death of the late Chancellor Dr. Richardson 
passed to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. They have refused to pay the 
£10. per annum to the Vicar. 

+ See the Endowment of the Vicarage, London Registers Baudake, f. 19. 
Curt. Antiq. St. Paul's, No. 1422, 1423. Grant of a Vicarage House, No. 1420. 

Rot. Pat. 2 Edw. II. p. 2. m. 15. Inq. ad quod damn. 1 Edw. II. No. 40. 

N 



178 



HISTORY OF EALING. 



VICARS OF EALING. 







Rog. de Thorlaston. 




1372, 


April 8. 


Robert cle Haytncld. 


Resig. 


1386, 


Nov. 12. 


William Semley. 


Death. 


1386, 


Feb. 11. 


John Dames. 


Death. 


1390, 


Oct. 25. 


David Bagator. 


Resig. 


1398, 


Dec. 7. 


Nic. Bourne. 


Resig. 


1399, 


Oct. 18. 


Will. Wright, 


Resig. 


1400, 


Sept. 15. 


John Dumeld. 


Resig. 


1407, 


Dec. 21. 


Baldwin Bagatour. 




1437, 


Aug. 2. 


Joh. Mallony. 


Resig, 


1443, 


July 18. 


Joh. Smith. 
Ric. Burton. 


Resig. 


1451, 


Nov. 26. 


Thos. Curteys, L.L .B. 


Resig. 


1478, 


Maii 28. 


Will. Tournour, A.M. 


Death. 


1503, 


Sept. 15. 


Thos. Everard. 




1513, 


Dec. 9. 


Sim. King. 


Resig. 


1537, 


Jan. 19. 


Will. Havard. 


Death. 


1566, 


Feb. 1. 


Oliver Stoning, S.T.B. 


Death. 


1571, 


Nov. 26. 


Thos. Ry croft. 


Death. 


1582, 


April 7. 


Thos. Knight, A.M. 


Death. 


1591, 


Nov. 26. 


Ric. Smart. 


Resig. 


1602, 


Oct. 


Joh. Bromneld, A.M. 


Death. 


1610, 


Jan. 29. 


Edw. Abbot, A.M. 


Death. 


1615, 


Jan. 19. 


Ric. Tavernor, A.M. 


Resig. 


1638, 


Oct. 13. 


Rob. Cooper, LL. B. 


Death. 


1660, 


Jan. 4. 


Will. Beveridge, A.M. 


Death. 


1673, 


Apr. 29. 


Seth Lamb, A.M. 


Resig. 


1702, 


Jan. 26. 


William Hall, A.M. 


Death. 


1719, 


Feb. 9. 


Thomas Mangey, LL.D 
William Hall. 


prom. 


1754, 


Sept. 26. 


John Botham, M.A. 


Resig. 


1773, 


Dec. 10. 


Charles Sturgess, M.A. 


Death. 


1797, 


Sept. 21. 


Colston Carr, LL.B. 


Resig. 


1822, 


June 1. 


Herbert Oakeley, Clerk. 


Death C. Carr. 


1834, 


Mar. 19. 


John Smith, B.D. per 


Resig. Sir 



Herbert Oakeley, Clerk, Bart. 



VICARS OF EALING. 179 



LECTURESHIP. 



John Bowman, B.D. chancellor of St. Paxil's, who died 
in 1629, founded a lectureship, and endowed it with forty 
pounds per annum. 

Robert Cooper, who had been collated to the vicarage 
of Ealing in 1638, was ejected by the puritans, and his 
place supplied by Daniel Carmarthen. 

Thomas Gilbert was presented in 1654, by Francis 
Albin, Esq. who it is probable, was then in possession of 
the manor. It happened, that upon the Restoration, this 
Gilbert was the first person who was deprived of his 
benefice, on which account he desidered that it might be 
inscribed upon his tomb, that he was the proto-martyr to 
the cause of non-conformity. 

Robert Cooper was reinstated in the vicarge of Ealing, 
which he enjoyed but a few months, being succeeded in the 
month of January, 1660-1, by William Beveridge, one of 
the most learned prelates of the English church, who was 
born in 1638, and educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. 
Here he applied himself with such intense application to 
the study of Eastern Literature, as to publish in his twentieth 
year a Latin " Treatise on the excellence and use of the 
Oriental Languages," in which he reviews the Hebrew, 
Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, and Samaritan tongues. About 
the same time also, he produced a Syriac- Grammar. 
Being ordained in 1661, he obtained this vicarage on the 
collation of Dr. Sheldon, Bishop of London ; but in 1672, 
being presented to the rectory of St. Peter's, Cornhill, by 
the Corporation of London, he resigned this piece of 
preferment, and removed to the metropolis. In 1681, he 
was raised to the archdeaconry of Colchester, with a 
prebendal stall in St. Paul's Cathedral. On the depriva- 
tion of Dr. Kenn in 1691, the See of Bath and Wells was 
offered to his acceptance, which, however, he declined, from 

n2 



180 HISTORY OF EALING. 

conscientious motives ; nor was it till 1704 that he took 
his seat on the bench as Bishop of St. Asaph. This new 
dignity, however, was enjoyed by him little more than 
three years, his death taking place at Westminster in 
1708, in his 71st year. He was a voluminous writer on 
theological and philological subjects. All parties have 
united in bearing testimony to the piety and simplicity of 
his character. He left the principal part of his property to 
charitable uses, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.* 

Dr. Mangey. — Thomas Mangey, Fellow of St. John's 
College, Cambridge, B.A. there 1707; M.A., 1711; 
LL.D., 1719; D.D., 1725 ; Rector of St. Nicholas, Guild- 
ford, 1717; Rector of St. Mildred's, Bread-street, and 
Chaplain at Whitehall, was early distinguished by his 
" Practical Discourses upon the Lord's Prayer," first 
printed by Mr. Bowyer in 1716 ; as were also the second 
and third editions in 1717 and 1721 ; and in 1718, 
" Remarks on Nazarenus." In January, 1719, he published 
" Plain Notions of our Lord's Divinity, a Sermon preached 
on Christmas-day." In June, 1719, " The Eternal Exist- 
ence of our Lord Jesus Christ, a Visitation Sermon." In 
October that year, " The Holiness of Christian Churches, 
a Sermon preached at Sunderland, on Consecrating a new 
church there;" and the " Providential Sufferings of 
Good Men, a Thirtieth of January Sermon before the 
House of Commons, 1720." " A Defence of the Bishop 
of London's Letter, 1719, 8vo. ;" and besides the sermons 
already mentioned, he printed five single ones in 1716, 
1726, 1729, 1730, and 1733. 

May 11th, 1721, he was presented to a Prebend, (the 
5th stall), in the Cathedral Church at Durham, being at 
that time styled, LL.D. Chaplain to Dr. Robinson, Bishop 
of London, and Vicar of Ealing, in the county of 
Middlesex. 

He was advanced to the first stall of Durham, Dec. 22, 
1722, and was one of the seven doctors in divinity, created 
July 6, 1725, when Dr. Bentley delivered the famous 

* Biog. Britan. 



VICARS OF EALING. 181 

oration prefixed to his " Terence ;" and at the end of 
the year 1726, he circulated proposals for an edition of 
" Philo-Judseus," which he completed in 1742. 

Dr. Mangey died, March 11, 1755; his "Manuscript 
Remarks on the New Testament," came into the possession 
of Mr. Bowyer, who extracted from them many short 
notes, which are inserted in his " Conjectures," under 
the signature of " Anonym." 

Dr. Mangey married Dorothy, daughter of Archbishop 
Sharp ; by whom he had one son, John, Vicar of Dunmow, 
in Essex, 1754 ; and a Prebendary of St. Paul's. 

Mrs. Mangey, the doctor's widow, died in July, 1780, 
and his son in November, 1782.* 

Dr. Mangey who was universally allowed to be a man 
of great learning, said, " that he always thought he could 
sit as long at his studies as any man, till he came to live 
in the same house as Mr Carte, who used to write or read 
from early in the morning till night, only allowing him- 
self time to take a dish of tea or something of that kind, 
so that," adds the Doctor, " I could not keep pace with 
him at all." When his studies of the day were over, he 
would eat heartily ; and when he was in company, was 
very cheerful and entertaining, without the least tincture 
of moroseness or reserve, but extremely negligent of 
propriety or neatness in externals. f 

The Rev. Charles Sturgess, was the son of the Rev. 
Charles Sturgess, and Sarah, sister of Ambrose Isted, Esq. 
of Eston, in the county of Northumberland. He was 
nearly forty-two years vicar of St. Mary's, Reading ; Pre- 
bendary of the Cathedrals of St. Paul and Salisbury, and 
chaplain to Earl Cadogan, formerly fellow of King's 
College, Cambridge; B.A. 1762; A.M. 1765; he was 
vicar for a short time of Kenton, Devon, 1763, and of 
Ealing from 1775 to 1797. The Rectory of Chelsea was 
offered to Mr. Sturgess, not merely because he stood in 
the clerical line, the nearest in family connection with the 
heirs of Sir Hans Sloane ; but, because they had known him 

* Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol. i. p. 134. Gent. Mag. 1780-2. 
t Nichols, vol. ii. p. 515. 



182 HISTORY OF EALING. 

for more than twenty years past in their neighbourhood 
of Reading; the Bishop of Durham collated him to a 
prebend in his Church at Salisbury, expressly on account 
of his character and conduct being so well known to his 
lordship when his diocesan, indeed, his patron. Bishop 
Terrick said, he was one of the best parish priests he ever 
knew. 

He has a copy of Latin verses in the Musse Etonenses, 
and another in the Academiae Cantabrigiensis Luctus, on 
the death of King George the Second. Mr. Sturgess also 
printed some papers on Confirmation, with a Prayer. 
Religion and Loyalty, a Sermon, preached at Reading, 
1792,which was published at the request of the parishioners. 

He expired on the 22nd of April, 1805, after only half 
an hour's illness, from an apoplectic seizure, immediately 
before the hour of dinner, at the Rectory of Loddington, 
Northamptonshire, and his remains were interred in the 
chancel of that church, on the 2nd of May following. 

By his surviving wife Penelope, daughter of James 
Walter, Esq. of Hurst, Berkshire, and niece to Bishop 
Terrick, he left six daughters. His son the Rev. Charles 
Sturgess, A.M. a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 
died at Worthing, in 1802, at the age of twenty-seven. 

In the church of St. Mary's, at Reading, are tablets in 
memory of Dr. Sturgess and his son.* 

In the Memoirs of Mrs. Trimmer is the following 
respectful mention of him. " The Rev. Mr. Sturgess was 
many years Vicar of Ealing, during the time that Mrs. 
Trimmer was a resident in the parish ; and seldom docs it 
fall to the lot of any place to enjoy the blessing of a more 
conscientious minister, or a more affectionate pastor. In 
every part of his duty he was indefatigable, admonishing 
in season and out of season, persuading, exhorting his 
flock to walk in the path of duty, or to return to it if they 
had unhappily strayed. The sick were visited, the igno- 
rant instructed, the distressed relieved, and. all watched 
over with a regard almost paternal." 

* Gentleman's Magazine. L805 



CHURCH INVENTORY. 183 

Amongst other objects of his paternal care, Sunday- 
Schools engrossed much of the attention of this excellent 
parish priest. No sooner did he hear of the plan suggested 
by Mr. Raikes, of Gloucester, for collecting the children 
of the poor on the Sabbath-day, than he was desirous of 
having Schools of that description in the parish of Ealing. 

He communicated his wishes to Mrs. Trimmer, and 
found in her a most ready assistant. By their united 
efforts Schools were established, and though the faithful 
pastor of his nock who first projected them, and his zealous 
and active coadjutor are now no more, the Schools con- 
tinue to exist, and to be productive of essential benefit 
amongst the rising generation.* 

The Rev. Colston Carr, LL.B. was of St. John's Col- 
lege, Cambridge, LL.B. in 1772, and was presented to 
this Vicarage in 1797, by Dr. Porteus, Bishop of London. 
He died Jury 6th, 1822, aged eighty-three years. 

Church Inventory. — In the year 1552, by command 
of Edward the Sixth, surveys and inventories of Church 
goods were taken by Commissioners, which from their 
exactness, and their contents, are very interesting docu- 
ments, for they furnish us with complete notions of the 
furniture of our Churches, and the value of each article 
mentioned. A book in the Augmentation Office exhibits 
the following inventory relative to this Parish Church. 

Yelinge. — We, the Jury doo present and testify the 
goods, plate, ornaments, Jewells, and bells, belongynge 
and apertaynynge to the Church of Yelinge, in the 
comptye of Middlesex, as well as w th in the inventory 
takyn by r the Kyng's Majysty's commessyoners, as well as 
also the goods belonyng to the same Churche and paiysh, 
not beyinge in the inventory w th rerages and other depts 
belongynge to the same Churche as apereth hereafter 
most playnly testyfyed by us the same jury, the fyth daye 
of Awgoost, in the yere our Lorde God, a thousande fyve 

* Life of Mrs. Trimmer, vol. ii. p. 05. 



184 HISTOKY OF EALIN«. 

hundredtlie fifthy and two, and in the sixth yerc of the 
regne of our Sovereign Lord Kynge Edwarde the Sexte, 
by the grace of God, of Inglande, Fraunce, and Ierlande, 
Kynge Defcndour of the Faithe, and of the Church of 
England and Ierlande, the supreme head emedyately 
under God. 

This inventory made the tenthe day of March, in the 
thyrde yeare of the reyne of our mooste dreade Sovereigne 
Kynge Edward the Sexth, by the grace of God, of 
Inglande, Fraunce, and Ierlande, Kinge Defendor of the 
Faithe, and of England and Ierlande, the supreme hede 
emedyately under God, of all such goods as ar in the 
parysshe Churche of Yelynge, in the comptye of Myddle- 
sex, by the consent of William Harwoode Clarke, vicar of 
the same parysshe, William Page and Robert Baldock, 
churchwardens of the same ; Symond Harmiger, Symonde 
Cooke, Richard Aytworthe, and Thomas Camon, of the 
said parysshe, was witnesse to the same.* 

BSttpVtttttSu — Three Chalicesf w th patents of sylver, and 

gylte thother two sylwer parsell gylte. 
Item. — A pyxe of sylver parsell gylte. 
Item. — A pyxe of copper* gylt, and a clothe to the same 

pyke. 
Item. — A crosse of copper and gylte. 
Item. — A cross of Latten gylte. 



* Item. — That ye and every of you do instructe and teach your parishioners 
the King's Majestie to he the only supreme head under Chryst in erthe of this 
his Churche of Englande, unto whom all potentates and powers of the same 
owen to obey, being thereto obliged and bounde by Goddes worde. — Tnjunct. 
by Bishop of Coventry ondLychefielde. Burnet's Hist. Reform, vol. iii. p. 162. 

+ Chalices. — They were to have in every Church one or two chalices of 
silver. — Burnet's Hist. Reform, vol. i. p. 7-L 

I A pyke of copper, &c. — Pyx, or little chest, from the Latin word pyxis a 
box, in which the consecrated host was kept; that a pix and a pax were 
different things, may be seen from the following passage in the " History of 
our blessed Lady of Loretto, p. 595." A cup, and a sprinkle of holy water, a 
pix and a pax, all of excellent chrystal. Again, in Stowe's Chronicle, p. 077, 
" palmes, chalices, crones, vestments, pixes, paxes, and such like." 



CHURCH INVENTORY. 185 

Item. — A cross of Latten gylte,* and a poste to the same. 
Item. — VIII. copperas cases,f and stoles for the same. 
Item. — Two pair hangyngs to high aultor, one payr of 

black vellett thother payr of whytt satten and 

redd, one payr of hangings for a sycle aultor, one 

pair of black vellet damask. 
Item. — One hole sewte of redd vellett, and one cope of 

the same sorte. 
Item. — One vestment of redd, and a coope of the same. 
Item. — One sewte of whyte damask, and a coope to the 

same.J 
Item. — A sewte of black vellett, and a coope to the same. 
Item. — One other sewte of damask, and a coope to the same. 
Item. — Six other vests of sondrye coulers for every daye. 
Item. — Twoe other oulde coopes for the Sondayes. 
Item. — One crosse of sylke, and two streamers of sylke. 
Item. — Two streamers of lynen. 
Item. — Eyght aultor clothes of lynen to lay upon the 

aultor s. 
Item. — Four to wells of dyeper, and two payre of clothes. 
Item. — Six Gospelles corplesscs for the preast and clarkc. 
Item. — One camary, and one cope of satten. 

* A crosse of Latten gylte. — Latten is still a common name for tin in the 
north: so Tuberville in Ms book of Falconry, p. 1575. "You must set her 
latten bason, or a vessel of stone or earth." So, in the old metrical romance 
of Sir Bevis of Hampton, b. 9. Windows of latten set with glasse. 

+ Eight Corporas Cases. — So called from their being used to cover the 
wafer, which was called Christ's corpse or body, these were usually made of 
very rich materials, sometimes they are made of cloth of gold. 

J A coope of the same. — A sacerdotal cloak or vestment, worn in sacred 
ministration, from the Saxon coppe, the height or top of a thing, cop, head, 
from the British word koppa, the top or highest part. The capa was so called 
a capiendo, because it contained or covered the whole man. It was anciently 
covered with gold fringe, (Fimbria aurese Matt. Paris, 2 Hen. III. sub. anno 
Dni 1246,) and Linwood, p. 252. This ancient habiliment is frequently 
alluded to by the father of English poesy : — 

" Alass ! why werest thou so wide a cope ? 
Gold give me sorwe, but, and I were Pope." 

The Monkes' Prologue, 1895. 



186 HISTORY OF EALING. 



MORE OF THE CHURCHE. 

Item. — Four* antiphoners, two of them parchment, the 
other paper ; and iiii grayles, f three of parch- 
ment, the other paper; and fyve mass books, 
three of parchment, and two of paper ; and one 
Legent* booke and two m.anuells.§ 

Item. — A Byble and a Paraphrase of Erasmus, and S 
Psahlter bookes, and a booke of Omeleys, and 
a bowk of hymnalles. 

Item. — A payre of orgayns,^! and three great standards, 
and four small standards of Latten, and xv 
Candlestycks of Latten for the Roode Lyght, 
and two basons, and two ewers, and two sensors 
of latten, and two latten baskets for two tapars 
to stand in, and one holly water stock of latten. 

Item. — In Steple five great bels,** and a small bell. • 



* Four Antiphonars. — An Antiphonar, from avri, contra, and (fccvvj, 
sonus, so called from the alternate repetition of the Psalm, one part being sung 
by one part of the choir, and the other by the other part of the choir, and 
contained not only the antiphony, as the word barely signifies, but also the 
invitations, hymns, responsories, verses, collects, and whatever was said or 
sung in the choir, called the Seven hours, or Breviary, except the lessons. 

f And iiii. grayles, graduals. The Gradual takes its name from the prayer 
chaunted gradatim, after the Epistle. It is the choir book used for singing 
mass. 

\ And one Legent booke. It contains the Lessons to be read in the Matin 
Office, taken from the Old and New Testament, or the Homilies and Saints' 
Lives. 

§ And two Manuells. The Ritual containing all things belonging to the 
Sacramentals and Benedictions. 

^[ A payre of organs, was the term at that time, when there were two 
kinds of organs, the one fixed and the other portable ; adapted, perhaps, to the 
size of the Church, or to its revenues. The portable organs were probably 
divisible into two parts, and hence obtained the name of a pair. This con- 
tinued to be the term so late as the reign of James the First. They were 
usually placed in the rood loft, between the nave and chancel of the church. 

** In the steeple, Jive great bells. The Catholics baptize bells in the name 
of the Father, Son, and tloly Ghost, and dedicate them to saints, using holy 
water, holy oil, incense and prayers in the ceremony, and according to the 
Missal of Salisbury, there were godfathers and godmothers to the bells, who 



CHURCH INVENTORY. 1ST 

Item. — Two hand bells,* and two sakaryne bells. 

Item. — The chauncell kevered in with leade, and a chest 
with three locks. 

Item. — Two lether Quesshions stuffed with fethers. 

Item. — A Church Howse two tables and formes, a carpet 
stole, three table clothes, two spy ttes, seven platters 
of pewter, seven pewter dyshes, and sawspons, 
and two quart potts of pewter, and two small 
cobhards, two brass potts, and a cauldron, and 
a kettyl, and two sault sellers of pewter. 

©ertgtt ©OO&g gOfol&e as aperethe hereafter. 
Imprimis. — Sowlde to Nycholas Mann, goldsmyth, dwel- 
lynge in Chepesyd, 2 challis being no pastell 
of the forsyde inventory taken by the kyngs 
Commessioners in whych two challis wear 
sowlde the fVrst vere of this reisme of 
our sovereign Lord King Edwarde the 
Sixth:— .... viii 11 - 



MORE SOWLDE. 

Item. — Sowlde to Bryan Evans, founder, dwelling in 
Lothbury, a pyxe of copper and gylte and a 
cross of latten gylte, and a foote to the same 
crosse. 

Item. — Eour great standards and four small standards, and 
on lyttelcandlestyck,and xv candlesticks belong- 
ing to the Rode lyte, and two basens, and two 
ewers of latten, and two sensers, and a holly 
water stock of latten, and two basens of latten 



gave them their names. Durandus, the great Catholic authority for the 
Mysterious Services of his Church, explains at large, the allegorical signification 
of bells. — See Ration. Divin. Offic. lib. i. cap. 4. 

* Two hand bells and a sakaring bell. The little bell, which is rung to 
give notice of the Host approaching, when it is earned in procession, as also 
in other offices of the Eomish Church, is called sacring, or consecrating bell, 
from the French word mere. — Theobald. Annotat. Hen. VIII. 



188 HISTORY OF EALING. 

for two tapers to stand in, and two hand bels 
and sakyreyne bels all latten and copper 

the pound s d. 

wyenge iii xxviii. iii xviii. 

Item. — Sowlde to Margarett Buckmaster, for a tabernacle 

viiis. 
Item. — Thomas Longe for the sign picture and old bason 

vs. Yiiid. 
Item. — Received of James Steyn for a presse xiis. Yiiid. 
Item. — Margaret Lyggon, for a basen of latten ys. 
Item. — Received for waxe iiis. iiiie?. 
Received for images iiii^?. 
The forseyde Churchwardens and Paryshioners do 
declare that they have bestowed in repayringe and mayn- 
taynynge their Church, alterations of necessary ornaments 
for the mayntenance of these devyne servyces according 
to their bownden dewties during the tyme of syx yeares 
passed they have bestowed and layd owt to the some of 
xiii 1L ii s - parcel of the foresayd some of depts, rerages, 
and other goods solde. S. M. xiii 11, ii 8. 

And so remaynyth to the Church in Reddy money in 
the custody of the Churchwardens with the depts 
remaynyth in Edmond Cooks hand mentioned here 
before iii 11 * xi s * ob. 

Yelling. — One Nedler gave 
unto the said Churche for the 
finding a lampe continually to 
burne in the said Churche, one 
acre of arrable lande lyinge in 
Braynford fielde in tholding of 

Richard Belvm bv him XX d ' Whereof to the Bishop of London in 



quit rent viid. 



William Nedler kepethe* 
yerely in the said Churche an 
obite accordyng to the will and 
tenor of a coppy to him made 
and granted by William Nedler 



Chantry Koll Augment. OfTicr 



CHURCH INVENTORY. 189 

his father, of the rent yerely 
going out of one cottage w th a 
curtylage and ii acres of lande 
lyeing in Weste Yeling, in the 
occupation of the said Willm. 
Nedler, whiche lands are by 

yere xiiii 3. Whereof spent at the obite with 5s. 

to the pore vis. \iiid. 

There is Houslyng people w in the said pyshe, the 
number of ccclx.* 

Doctor Baughe he is pson ther, and the benefys is 
worthe by the yere xxii 11 - and that Sir Willyam Hayward 
is Vicar ther and his vycarage is by yere xiii IL vi s - viii d - 
and sarveth the Cure himself. 

There is belongyng to the sayd Churche a tent, called 
the Church House, which was of the gifte of Master 
Frowyck, for to kepe a drynkyng for the relyefth of 
the pore. 

Richard Bynorthe doth yerely kepe an obit in the same 
Churche, for who, it is not certyfyed nor what landes or 
tents, were given for the mayntenance of the same. 

Willm. Ingram gave a certain cottage to Symon Coke, 
to thentente, as it is said, the said Symon should bestowe 
yerely upon an obite for the soule of Willm. Ingram iiii 8 - 
and the residue towards the reparacyon of the said cottage, 
which cottage was solde by Symon Coke to Robert Ingram, 
and ther hathe no obite ben kepte nor the proftttes thereof 
by the space of two yeres past. 



In the year 1681, the Right Reverend Father in God, 
Dr. Henry Compton, bishop of London, consecrated a 
piece of ground containing ten or twelve rods adjoining, 
as an addition to the Church-yard, which ground was 
given by Dr. Humphry Henchman, his immediate prede- 
cessor in that see. 

* Chantry Eoll Augment. Office. 



190 HISTORY OF EALING 



MONUMENTS AND MONUMENTAL INSCRIP- 
TIONS INSIDE THE CHURCH. 

On the wall of the north aisle, at the west end, is a 
circular marble tablet, surrounded with a curled serpent, 
the emblem of eternity — 

Sacred to the Memory of Eobert Orme, 

A Man endeared to his Friends, 

By the gentleness of his Manners, 

And respected by the Public 

As the elegant Historian of the Military Transactions 

Of the British Nation in India Obit. 13th January, 1801, JEt. 73. 

On a tablet with an urn and drapery — 

In Memory of Barnabas Blake, Esq. 

Formerly of Gunnersbury Lodge, 

In this Parish, 

Who died on 15th day of April, 1841, aged 77. 

And of Sarah, his Wife, who died on the 27th of June, 1835, aged 77. 

Their mortal remains are deposited in a Vault under tbe Middle Aisle of the 

Church. 

A tablet in form of a sarcophagus, on the front is the 
following inscription : — 

Near this spot are deposited the remains of Henry Beaufoy, Esq. 

Late of Castle Hill, in this Parish, 

But descended from an ancient family of Warwickshire, 

His integrity was unblemished, 

His talents were of the highest class, 

And he dedicated them in three successive Parliaments to the service of 

his country. 

Ob. 17th May, 1795, anno ^Etat. 44. 

On an oval tablet with drapery — 

Near this place lies the body of John Crofts, Esq. 

Of this parish, who closed a well spent life June 9th, Anno Dom. 1793, 

Aged 09, most truly and deservedly regretted. 

To the pious Memory of the best of Parents, 

Whose indulgent affection, and enlightened judgment, 

Makes his loss irreparable. 

This mournful tribute of love and duty is most gratefully dedicated by his 

afflicted children. 

How blest to die — when suffering faith makes sure : 
At life's high fount an everlasting cure. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 191 

On a large tablet surmounted with an urn and drapery — 

In the family vault beneath 

Are deposited the remains of Peter Thorn, Esq. 

Of the Manor House, Gunnersbury, 

Who departed this life the 4th day of November, 1825, 

Aged 71 years. 

Also of Mary his beloved wife, who died the 25th of October, 1821, aged 45 years 

Leaving a numerous family to regret their loss. 

Also of Amelia, their daughter, who died the 9th of September, 1826. 

Aged 21 years. 

A marble tablet with a pediment — 

Sacred to the Memory of Alexander Love Gordon, Esquire, R.N. 

Formerly of this parish, 

But late of Gorleston, in the county of Suffolk, 

Who departed this life May 28th, 1828, aged 71 years, 

Beloved and regretted by all who knew him. 

On a marble tablet — 

Sacred to the Memory of Richard Gray, Esq, 

Obiit 10th October, 1825, aged 71. 

Also of Jane Gray, relict of Richard Gray, Esq. Ob. 8th March, 182G, aged 70. 

On a marble tablet — 

Sacred to the Memory of the Rev. Thomas Warry, B.D. 

Rector of Barwick, Somersetshire, Vicar of Glasbury, 

In the counties of Brecon and Radnor, 

Formerly Fellow of Wadham College, Oxon; 

And who for nearly forty years officiated successively as Curate, 

And Bowman's Lecturer in this parish. 

Esteemed aud respected by all who knew him. 

He died the 7th of November, 1823, aged 68 years. 

On the east end of the north aisle is placed an ancient 
brass plate, to the memory of Richard Amondesham, alias 
Aunsham, merchant of the staple of Calais, and Katherine 
his wife, the inscription is now partially defaced, but 
the brass figures are represented in dresses which were 
worn in the fifteenth century. 

On the east wall north of the Communion, on a tablet, 
with a pediment — 

In the Vault beneath this Monument are deposited the remains of Ann the 

beloved wife of Mr. Thomas Wood, of Castle Bar, in this parish, 
Who departed this life the 18th December, 1837, in the 50th year of her age. 
She was an affectionate wife, a sincere friend, and a good christian, and died 
universally respected and lamented. 



192 



HISTORY OF EALING- 



On a marble tablet surmounted with an urn and dra- 
pery— 

" In the midst of life we are in death." 

Sacred to the Memory of Sir Jonathan Miles, Knt. 

Of Castlehar Park in this county, who departed this life 

On the 15th of July, 1821, in the 52nd year of his age. 

Requiescat in Pace. 

On a small marble tablet — 

Sacred to the Memory of Elizabeth Garratt, 
Who died June 8th, 1818, and whose remains are deposited near this Tablet. 

East wall, south side — 

Sacred to the Memory of Alexander Copland, Esq. 

Of Gunnersbury Park, in this parish, 

Who died at his house in Great George Street, Westminster, 

The 12th of July, 1834, aged 61. 

His remains are deposited in the Church of St. Martin-in- the -Field, 

In which parish he was born, and for many years of his early life he was a 

resident. 

He will long be remembered and lamented by many who were aided 

by his active beneficence ; 

By those, who in private life, experienced the warmth of his kindness, 

And the value of his friendship ; and most of all, 

By his Widow and Family, 

Now bereft of his devoted care, and affectionate guidance. 

On a small marble tablet — 

Sacred to the Memory of Mary Wood, 

The affectionate wife of George Wood, of Hanger Hill, in this parish. 

Died 5th March, 1830, aged 32, 

Most deservedly beloved and sincerely lamented. 

Also six of their children who died at an early age. 

A large marble tablet surmounted with an urn — 

Sacred to the Memory of Thomas Smith, Esq. of Brentford Butts, in this 
parish, who departed this life on the 10th of November, 1823, in the 74th 
year of his age ; and also to the memory of Susannah, his wife, who died 
March 23, 1840, aged 70. 

On a marble slab — 

In the family Vault of this Church-yard are deposited the remains of 

John Palmer Winter, Esq. 

Of this place, and of Fitzroy Square, London, 

Eldest Son of John Winter, Esq. of Heathfield Lodge, 

In the parish of Acton, who died on the 23rd of November, 1838, aged 57, 

Universally esteemed and regretted. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 193 

On a marble slab — 

To the Memory of John Winter, of Luis Parish, 

And of Heathfield Lodge, Acton, Esq. 

Who died February 5th, 1843, aged 87 years. 

Mary Elizabeth his wife, who died December 18, 1813, aged 57. 

And Anna Maria, fourth daughter of the above-named, who died March 4, 1838, 

Whose remains are interred in the adjoining Church-yard ; 
And also Roger Winter, Esq. Barrister-at-Law, fourth Son of the above-named, 

Who died at Calcutta, May 21, 1828 ; 
And of several children and grand children of the above who died when infants. 



In the south aisle, on a marble slab — 

Sacred to the Memory of Mr. Thomas Caldwall, 

Of Old Brentford, who departed this life on the 2nd of May, 1825, 

Aged 55 years. 

Also of Mrs. Sarah Caldwall, relict of the above, 

Who departed this life on the 5th of July. 1834, aged 70 years. 



On a marble slab surmounted with arms, at the bottom 
a sword and helmet— 

Snored to the Memory of Major Alexander Morrison 

Of Gunnersbury Park, in this parish, 

Who was employed for twenty-eight years in the Bengal military service, 

With distinguished honor, 

Placed by those great commanders, the Marquis Cornwallis and Lord Lake 

In offices of high responsbility. 

His energy, judgment, and firm integrity, proved the wisdom of their choice. 

Driven by illness from this path of public honor, 

He was beloved in private life 

For his christian benevolence, and that beautiful union of mildness and sincerity 

Which characterises the brave and good, the remembrance of these virtues, 

Is the sweet consolation of his widow, 

By whom this tablet is erected. 
He died May 2'L 1827, aged 60 years. 



On a small circular monument surmounted with a 

cherub — • 

Sacred to the Memory of Oliver de Lacey Stapleton, 

The beloved son of Lieut. Col. John Stapleton, inspector of Barracks, 

And of Katherine, daughter and Co-heiress of John Beale, Esq. 

Of Charleston, South Carolina, 

Who departed this life the 10th day of January, 1811, 

In the 12th year of his age. 

A youth of the most amiable disposition, and of great promise. 

O 



194 HISTORY OF EALING. 

On an oval tablet — 

Iu the adjoining Church-yard 

Lie the remains of George Oldmixon, Esq. of Oldmixon, 

In the county of Somerset, 

Who died the 15th of May, 1779, aged 08. 

Also Jane his widow, who died the 31st of October, 1781, 

Aged 57. 

And of George their only child, who died the 15th of October, 1771, 

Aged 17. 

John Oldmixon, his father, was an author of some note, 
who, like most party writers, has been too much extolled, 
and too much depreciated ; Pope has treated him with 
great severity. — 

In naked majesty Oldmixon stands, 
And Milo-like surveys his arms and hands ; 
Then sighing thus, " and am I now threescore, 
Ah, why, ye Gods ! should two and two make four ?" 

Dunciad, b. ii. 1. 283. 

His principal work was a History of England, in three 
volumes ; but he certainly was not possessed of sufficient 
impartiality to make a good historian. He had a principal 
concern in a political paper called " the Medley," and was 
author of a few Poems and Dramatic pieces. He is said 
to have left behind him in MS. a work called " the His- 
tory of Christianity," and some Satires. Mr. Oldmixon 
was of an ancient family in Somersetshire. He died at his 
house in Great Pulteney-street, in the 69th year of his 
age, and was buried near his son and daughter. 

One of his daughters sung at Mr. Hickford's Rooms in 
1746, his daughter Hannah died at Newland, in Glouces- 
tershire, in 1789, aged 84.* 

On a marble slab — 

This Monument is erected in Memory of Rebecca, 

Wife of John Ward, resident of Gibraltar, 

Born A.D. 1733, Married January, 1749, Died the 18th August, 1708. 

Here rests a woman, good without pretence, 
Blest with plain reason, and with sober sense, 

+ Gentleman's Magazine. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 195 

To whom related, or by whom begot, 
Avails not, Reader! Death has been her lot; 
Peaceful now rests my best beloved wife, 
Removed beyond the miseries of life, 
These little rites, a verse, a stone receive, 
'Tis all a husband, all a friend can give. 

Also of Elizabeth, daughter of John and Rebecca Ward, who died 8th of May, 
1832. Aged 76 years. 



On a marble slab — 

In a Grave underneath, 

Are deposited all that remains of a man 

Not so much distinguished for length of clays, as in employments of 

labour and trust, 

For perseverance unremitting, and for honour unblemished. 

To the Memory of John Ward, Esq. long time a faithful servant 

of the crown, of Gibraltar, 

This Monument is erected, the last sad duty of his mourning children. 

" Just of his word, in every thought sincere, A 

He knew no wish, but what the world might hear ; 
He broke no promise, served no private end, 
He gain'd no riches, and he lost no friend." 

Pope. 

He was born at Gibraltar, of which garrison he was many years Paymaster, 
And died in England in April, 1791, aged 01 years. 



On a square marble tablet — 

Sacred to the Memory of Susannah, the wife of Thomas Aston, Esq. of this 

Parish, who died the 4th of May, 1827, in her 71st year. 

Also of the above named Thomas Aston, Esq. who died at Wood Stanway, 

Gloucestershire, on the 27th July, 1836. Aged 79 years. 

" We know that our Redeemer liveth." 



A marble slab with a variegated marble border, with an 
urn — 

In the Middle Aisle of the Church, 

Are deposited the Remains of John Morgan, Esq. 

Late of Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury, London, 

Who departed this life, January 24th, 1808. Aged 53 years. 

Also of Mary Morgan, first wife of the above John Morgan, who died 

April 19th, 1800. Aged 43 years. 

o2 



196 HISTORY OF EALING. 

On a black marble tablet with gilt letters — 

In the Aisle of this Church, 

Are interred the remains of Martha, wife 

Of James Smyth, Esq., of Upper Grosvenor Street, 

London, and of Ealing, in this Parish, 

Who died December 21st, 1709, aged 60 years. 

Also of the said James Smyth, Esq. 

who died December 10th, 1780, aged 70 years. 

James Paul Smyth, of New Bond Street, London, 

Nephew of the above James Smyth, 

Died September 23rd, 1797, aged 62 years. 

Also, Mary, his wife, died January the 7th, 1800, aged 66 years. 

Anne, wife of Sir Frederick Morton Eden, Bart. 

Of Truier, in the county of Durham, 

And daughter of the said James Paul 

And Mary Smyth, died July the 14th, 1808, 

Aged 34 years. 

Also, the said Sir Frederick Morton Eden, Bart., who 

Died November the 14th, 1809, aged 43 years 

William Henry Eden, 

Son of the above Sir Frederick Morton and Anne Eden, 

Died November the 18th, 1793, aged 5 months. 

And James, his brother, died February the 6th, 1800, aged 3 years. 

George Watson Smyth, formerly of New Bond Street, 

Nephew of the above James Paul Smyth, 

Died June the 8th, 1835, aged 81 years. 

A large handsome marble slab , with a veined marble 
border, with arms — 

In a Vault near this spot are deposited the 

Remains of Mrs. Marian Mackenzie, wife of Thomas Mackenzie, Esq. 

Who died July 30th, 1799, aged 30 years. 

Also, Mrs. Jesse Frazer, wife of Duncan Frazer, Esq. 

Late of Brentford Butts, sister to the above, 

Who died September 9th, 1800, aged 59 years. 

Likewise Two of her Children, viz. 

James Frazer, who died June 8th, 1800, aged 3 years, and 

Magdalen Mackenzie Frazer, who died September 9th, 1800, aged 5 years. 

A small antique square tablet, ornamented in the centre 
with an hour glass, with a death's head and cross bones — 

I had rather be a doore keeper in the hovse of my God, than to dwell in 

ye tents of wickednesse. — Psalm lxxxiv. 10. 

On a Wreath. 

I stand by the doore and knock, and it shall be opened unto me. 

Under the Wreath. 

I will waite till mv change cometh. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 197 

This Monument was erected by Eliz. Taverner, in memory of her busband, 
Richard Taverner, Esq. wch dyed y e 13 of Sept. 1638, having lived Vicar of 
this Par. 25 yeres and was maryed to his wife 23. 

On a plain marble tablet surmounted with a serpent 
entwined — 

Sacred to the Memory of 

Charles Hutchinson, Rsq. of this parish, 

Who died October 31st, 1828, aged 29 years. 

Against the western wall on a marble slab — 

In the Church are deposited the remains of Joseph Fletcher, Esq., who 
died 14th February, 1833, aged 70 years, after a long residence in this parish. 
To his memory this Tablet is gratefully inscribed by his affectionate children. 

A Monument to the Memory of Barre Charles Roberts — 

Infra Sepvltvs Est Barre Carolvs Roberts. 

Filivs Natv minimus Edvardi Roberts armigeri, aedis Christi Oxoniae 
alvmnvs. Adolescens turn ob svmmvm iugenivm, et doctrinam, tvm ob 
eximias aninii virtutes, perillvstris ; fvit enim modestvs, probvs, liberalis in 
moribvs, et natvra, mansvetissimvs : immo etiam in variis studiis eruditvs, prae- 
sertim in rebvs antiqvis, et nvmismatibvs ; adeoqve chhgenti Uteris. 

Tarn reconditis qvam elegautioribvs, vt nemo in vtraqve parte esset ornatior, 
caetervm qvo magis animi vigv T ere vires, eo parvm finno corpori absit valetvdo, 
ex qvo proh dolor, phthisi polmonali langvet ivenis carissimvs nondum 
annos vnvm et viginti natvs kalendas ianvariis. Anno Domini, MDCCCX, 
Mortalis esse desiit ; Div diuqve lvgendvs, et desiderandvs. 

A handsome tablet in form of a sarcophagus, on the top, 
a child resting on an urn — 

i.H. s. 

Consecrated 

As a tribute of an affectionate family, to the Memory of Mrs. Sibella Davison, 

Who died July 24th, 1807, aged 70. 

Inheriting an ample fortune. 

Her liberality was universally esteemed ; 

The sufferings of humanity never pleaded before her in vain. 

On a marble tablet — 

Near this place are interred the remains of Ann Goodenough, 

Eldest daughter of Anthony Addington, M.D. 

And Mary, his wife, and Widow of William Goodenough, M.D. 

Of the City and University of Oxford, 

Whom she survived thirtv-six vears. 



198 HISTORY OF EALING. 

She was born on the 2nd of November, in the year 1747, 

And died on the 12th of June, in the year 1806, aged fifty-nine. 

To the Memory of a sister, 

Admired for the endowments of her mind, 

Respected for her piety, and beloved for her benevolence, 

This Tablet is inscribed by her affectionate brother. 



On a marble slab with an ornamented border sur- 
mounted with an urn — 

In Memory of Elizabeth, widow of James Senior, Esq. 

Of Broughton House, Bucks, 

Who departed this life March 13, 1832, in the 70th year of her age. 

And also of Mary Senior, the infant daughter of William and Louisa Laurence, 

and grand- daughter of the above, 

Who departed this life, February 28, 1835, aged one year and six months. 



A small handsome tablet with arms — 

To the Memory of Joseph Gulston, of Derwydd, Esq. 

In the principality of Wales, and of Knuston Hall, Northamptonshire. 

Born 17th of March, 1788. Lied 24th of March, 1841. 



On a large marble table in the form of a pyramid with 
arms and inscriptions : — 

In a Vault underneath 

Lie the remains of Joseph Gulston, Esq. who died December 13, 1757. 

Aged 75. 

Joseph Gulston, Esq. of Ealing-grove, Middlesex, 

One of the Representatives for Poole, in Dorset, 

In five successive Parliaments, 

And a South Sea Director, who died August Gth, 1700, aged 72. 

Maria De Silvse his wife, a native of the kiugdom of Portugal, who died 
November 19, 1799, aged 84. 

John Gulston their son, who died at Eton School, 1764, aged 14. 

Joseph Gulston, Esq. their son, of Ealing Grove, Middlesex, 

And Member of Parliament for Poole, in the county of Dorset. 

Who died July 14, 1786, aged 41. 

And of Elizabeth Bridgetta, his wife, 

Daughter of Sir Thomas Stepney, Bart, who died March 9, 1780, aged 30. 

Sacred to the Memory of Joseph Gulston, Esq. 

Their son, who died at Lausanne, in Switzerland, 

And was buried there in 1790, aged 22. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 199 

On a large stone tablet — 

Near this place lies the body of Edward Vaughan, Esq. of Little Ealing, 
who died October 10, 1612, and by his will gave four acres of land, now Garden 
ground, lying in New Brentford field, in this parish, abutting east on the road 
from Brentford to Little Ealing, and west on the house of Jonathan Knevett, 
in Boston-lane, to the poor of this parish for ever, the yearly profits to be dis • 
tributed by the vicar and churchwardens. 

To perpetuate his memory, the memorial at the finishing of this Church 

(in the room of an ancient monument in the old Church) was put up, Anno 

Dom. 1710, by Thomas Mangey, D.D. Vicar. 

Samuel Anderson, } ~, . , 
_ )■ Churchwardens, 

Thomas Barrett, J 

A beautiful monument of white marble, surmounted 
with, an urn, and supported by two cherubs, with arms — 

Near this place in a Vault lyeth the body of John Loving, Esq. late of Place 

House, in Little Ealing, 

He was one of the Tellers of the Exchequer in the reign of King Charles the 

Second. 

King James the Second, 

And King William the Third, 

He departed this life, July 9th, 1693, aged 82. 

In the same Vault also lyeth the body of Ann his wife, 

Who died the 2nd of Jaunary, 1718 : 

As they were truly endowed with all Christian virtues when living, 

So they were the greatly lamented, by all who knew them, when dead. 

They left issue, one only son, 

John Loving, Esq. who departed this life the 19th day of January, 1731, 

Aged 69, and is buried in Twickenham Church, 

In a Vault there with Dame Mary Humble, 

The relict of Sir William Humble, Bart. 

Who died June 13th, 1752, with whom he intermarried, 

He was an obedient son, a true and faithful friend, 

A loyal subject, and the most kind and indulgent husband, 

And had he not by a modest opinion 

Of his own abilities been mostly inclined to a private life, 

Would have been useful to the Commonwealth, - 

And a bright ornament to his country. 

On a large handsome marble monument in form of a 
pyramid, in front of which is a large urn, underneath is 
the following inscription — 

Dame Ann Edwards, obiit 16th of April, 1785, aged 50. 

" The memory of the just is blessed." Prov. chap. 10, v. 7. 

Sir Thomas Edwards, Bart, obiit. November 13, 1793, aged 59. 

" The righteous hath hope in his death." Prov. 14, chap, xxxii. v. 1. 

Ellen Hester Mary Hope, their only issue, 

Wife of John Hope, Esq. died June 4, 1837, aged 76. 

" Her children arise up, and call ber blessed." Prov. chap. xxxi. v. 28. 



200 HISTORY OF EALING. 

A small marble tablet surmounted with a helmet — 

Sacred to the Memory of Major General Sir James Lemond, C.B. 

Of the Madras Artillery, who after forty-six years 

Of meritorious service, died deeply lamented at Boulogue-Sur-Mer, on the 

13th of August, ls40, aged 04 years. 

A large slab surmounted with a handsome urn — 

To the Memory of Isabella Mary, wife of Thomas Packenham, Esq. of the 

Honourable East India Company's Civil Service, Bengal, 

Who died at Lans Le Bourg Savoy, on her way to Rome, 

On the 8th of November, 1827, in the 33rd year of her age. 

Also to the Memory of Captain Edward Wetherall, 

Of the First Royal Regiment of Infantry, 

Who gallantly fell at the storming of Bergen-op-Zoom, 

On the 8th of March, 1814, in the 23rd year of his age. 

Also General Sir Frederick Wetherall, G.C.H. of Castlebar Hill, 

Who departed this life December 18, 1842, in the 88th year of his age, deeply 

lamented. 

On a large handsome tablet supported by pillars and 
ornamented with drapery and foliage, over the top is a 
fan-like ornament — 

To the Memory of Thomas Pearce, Esq. of Little Ealing, 

Who lieth buried in the Middle Aisle of this Church, 

During forty years he was a constant inhabitant of this parish, 

To which he had retired from business, he died on August 14, 1752, aged 

85 years, 

Having the character (which he well deserved) of an honest man and a 

sincere Christian. 

A large splendid architectural monument, about ten feet 

high, by six feet wide, supported by two pilasters of the 

Doric order, with an architrave, surmounted with a large 

central naming urn, and two smaller similar ones. 

In pious Memory of Dame Jane Rawlinson, widow, 

A lady whose natural wit and sound judgment, 

Improved by an extraordinary education, and much reading, rendered her very 

accomplished 

In herself, and most agreeable in conversation; but an ill state of health, 

Which for more than eighteen of her latter years deprived her of many 

enjoyments of common life, 

Gave her far greater, by a full exercise 

Of the two chief inclinations of her soul, devotion, and charity; 

For these she laid hold of every opportunity, 

And as neither of these fruits of faith can bo forgotten before God, 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 201 

And as her charity will be long remembered 

By many a grateful heart, 

So it is hoped, her legacy of five hundred pounds 

Given for teaching twenty poor girls of this parish of Ealing, 

Will have a long continuance, by being carefully preserved, and well employed, 

For the benefit of posterity, 1713. 

On a large square antique tablet — 

John Bowman, Bachelor of Divinity, Chancelor of ye Cathedral Chvrch of 
St. Pawle, and Parson of this Parish, lyeth hereunder, who in his lyfe tyme was 
a sincere and paynfvl preacher of God' s word, and a bowntifvl and charitable 
releever of the poore, and at his deceasse gave 60 L a yeare for ever to the 
good of this Pailsh, ovt of ye rent of a Fayre Howse, one east syde of Salis- 
bury-court, in London, viz. ±0 L - a year for a preaching Minister, and 20^ a 
yeare to ye poore, he deceased y e loth of October, An° Dni. 1629. 



IN THE CHURCH OX THE FLOOR. 



In the Vault beneath are deposited the remains of Cuthbert Fisher, Esq. late 
of Ealing-park, who departed this life, September 2-1, 1798, aged 58 years. 

Elizabeth, wife of John Maynard, Serjeant-at-Law, was bvryed here ye -1th 
day of January, 1654. 

In Memory of Hugh Owen> late Master of the Welsh School, who departed 
this life March 28, 1797, aged 48 years. 

Beneath this stone are deposited the remains of Robert Wynne, Esq. of this 

parish, late President of the Council of the Island of St. Vincents, who 

died the 20th of February, 1 795, aged 56 years. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS IN THE 
CHURCH YARD. 

A Marble tomb enclosed with iron railing — 

In a vault are deposited the remains of Thomas Skinner, Esq. alderman of 
the City of London, who served the office of sheriff in 1783, and was Lord 
Mayor in 1794 ; he lived respected by the great, and most sincerely beloved 
by the poor, to whom he was a constant friend and liberal benefactor. Obiit 
January 30, 1806, aged 69 years. 



202 HISTORY OF EALING. 

A marble tomb enclosed with iron railing — 

In a Vault underneath are deposited the remains of James Baillie, Esq. of 
Ealing Grove, in this parish, one of the representatives for the borough of 
Horsham, in Sussex. He departed this life on the 7th day of September, 1793, 
aged 56 years. 

Also Collen Campbell his wife, who died on the 29th of April, 1831, in the 79th 
year of her age. 

Collen Campbell Lloyd, their youngest daughter, who died on the 8th day of 
November, 1830, in the 49th year of her age. 

The family vault enclosed with iron railing, of George 
Robinson, of Richmond and Brentford — 

In Memory of Catherine Robinson, the beloved wife of George Robinson, who 
died July 5, 1841, aged 57 years. 

In a vault — 

Here lieth deposited the remains of George Hopewell Stephens, Esq. (Rear 
Admiral of the Red,) who departed this life December 25, 1819, a most 
worthy man, and a sincere christian. 

A marble tomb enclosed with iron railing — 

To the Memory of General Sir Frederick Wetherall, G.C.H. of Castlebar Hill, 
who departed this life December 18, 1842, in the 88th year of his age. 

In a vault with rails- — 

John Home Tooke, late of Wimbledon, author of the Diversions of Purley, 
was born June 1736, and died March 18, 1812, contented and grateful. 

The health of this singular character had been a long 
time before his decease in a declining state, but his humour 
and eccentricity remained in full force to the last, and 
even in the gripe of death, the serenity of his countenance 
never forsook him. While he was speechless, and con- 
sidered insensible, Sir Francis Burdett, who was present 
with a few more friends, prepared a cordial for him, 
which the medical attendants declared to be of no 
avail, but which the baronet persisted in offering, and 
raising up the patient for that purpose, when the latter 
perceiving who offered the draught, drank it off with a 
smile, and in a few minutes after he expired. A tomb 
had long been prepared for Mr. Tooke in his garden at 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 203 

Wimbledon ; in which it was his firm purpose to have 
been buried ; but this after his decease, being opposed by 
his daughters and an aunt of theirs, his remains were trans- 
ferred to this Church-yard, where they were interred 
according to the rites and ceremonies of the Church of 
England, otherwise it was his desire that no funeral cere- 
mony should be read over his body, but six poor men 
should have a guinea each to bear him to the vault in his 
garden. His funeral was attended by Sir Frances Burdett 
and many other political and literary friends.* 

In a vault — 

Mr. Thomas Juliou, thirty-eight years Vestry Clerk of this parish, died July 13, 
1838, aged 70 years. 

Beneath this Stone lies the remains of Richard Atlee, nineteen years Clerk of 
this parish, died February 1, 1790, aged 52 years. 

William, Son and succeeding Clerk of the above, died March 12, 17!)7, 
Aged 31 years. 

Richard, succeeding Clerk, died January 11, 1802, aged 37 years. 

On a stone in the Church-yard — 

Thomas Page, nephew of Mr. John Rogers, who was unfortunately drowned 
the 4th of March, 1818, aged 25 years. 

Here in the silent stillness of the tomb, 
Rests a young man who perished in his bloom ; 
Belov'd and mourn' tl in vain, no act could save, 
The will of heaven doomed him a watery grave. 

Vault in the Church-yard — 

Mr. John Trimmer, citizen of London, died 22nd July, 1772, aged 04 years. 

Also, Mrs. Ann Trimmer, his widow, who died August 10, 1770. 

Likewise Mrs. Ann Trimmer, their daughter, who died May 5, 1824, aged 

82 years. 

Vault in the Church-yard — 

In Memory of Mary Elizabeth Winter, the wife of John Winter, Esq. who 

departed this life, on the 18th of December, 1813, aged 57 years. 
In her character were united the excellences of the wife, the mother, the 

friend, and the christian. 

Also, John Winter, Esq. husband of the above, of this parish, and of Heathfleld 

Lodge, Acton, died February 5, 1843, aged 87 years. 

* Nightingale's and Brayley's London, vol. iii. p. 07. 



204 HISTORY OF EALING. 

Ill a vault in the Church-yard — 

Here lieth the body of Richard Wood, Esq. of Hanger-hill, in this parish, who 
departed this life, January 6, 1783, aged 76 years. 

Also, Catherine Wood, wife of Richard Wood, who departed this life, May 5, 

aged 79. 

Also, the body of Mary Wood, daughter of the said Richard and Catherine 
Wood,who departed this life the 5th of August, 1829, in the 90th year of her age. 

Also, of Mary Wood, wife of George Wood, Esq. of Hanger-hill, in this parish, 
Born April 30, 1803, died March 5, 1836. 

Also, Francis, Ellen, and Katherine, three of their children who died in their 

infancy. 

In a vault in the Church-yard — 

Here lieth the body of Elizabeth Belcher Butlin, the daughter of John and 
Mary Butlin, of Westfield-house, in this parish, who was born the 14th of 
January, 1839, and died the 19th day of June, 1843. 

Sacred to the Memory of Richard Piatt, professor of music, and organist of 
this parish, who died June 11, 1842, aged 58 years. Respected and regretted 
by all who knew him. 

Also, of Lydia, his wife, who died October 12, 1843, aged 24 years. 



In the Church-yard is a Vestry-room where the parish 
affairs are settled, and a stone is placed over the doorway, 
of which the following is a copy. 

A. D. 1840. 

This Vestry-room was erected by the churchwardens, 
with the sanction of the Bishop of London, and the Vicar 
of Ealing, in lieu of the old Cross-house, or Vestry-room, 
a sum of money having been set apart expressly for this 
purpose, by the Poor Law Commissioners, out of the 
proceeds of the sale of the old Cross-house. 

Rev. John Smith, B.D. Vicar. 

Samuel Knevett,) „_ 

m T \ Churchwardens. 

Thomas Layton, 



CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 205 



CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS FOE 
GENERAL PURPOSES. 

1612. Edward Vaughan, Esq. gave by will, Four 
Acres of Land, by Boston Lane, to the use 
of the best living and deserving poor of the 
parish, the yearly profits thereof, to be distributed 
in Coals, by the Minister and Churchwardens ; 
and Twenty Pounds in money, to be laid out at 
interest, for the benefit of the poor. 

1630. John Bowman, of Ealing, in the County of 
Middlesex, B.D. gave a messuage or tenement, 
situate in Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, upon 
trust, to pay Forty Pounds per annum to an 
Afternoon Lecturer, in the Parish Church of 
Ealing ; and Twenty Pounds annually to poor 
persons of the said parish ; and the overplus of 
rents and profits to be applied to such godly 
and charitable uses as the officers for the time 
being should deem meet and convenient. 

These premises were burnt down in the 
Great Fire of London, 1666. 

The property is now held under lease, 
which expires in 1867, at a rent charge of £70. 

John Bowman gave also a rent charge (to the 
same trust,) of Forty Shillings per annum, out 
of premises situate on the Green, at Ealing. 

Here is also a sum of Four Hundred and Fifty 
Pounds, Consols, belonging to the same trust, 
arising from accumulation of profits, and a 
bequest of two Turnpike Roads, to the charity, 
by Sir Charles Morgan, Bart, in 1807. 

The present Trustees are Sir Charles Morgan, Bart. ; 
Archdeacon Pott ; the Rev. "W*. Antrobus ; 
the Rev. John Smith; and George Wood, Esq. 



206 HISTORY OF EALING. 

1633. Richard Need, and Mary his wife, gave a house 
or tenement, for the profit and only use of the 
poor of Old Brentford, for ever. 

Richard and Mary Need's Charity. — The property 
now considered to have been derived from this bequest, 
consists of several tenements, which are particularly 
described in three leases, bearing date the 29th March, 
1814. 

In the first lease is demised by John Thorn, to John 
Simpson, a house or tenement, situate on the south side of 
the High Street, of Old Brentford, and small tenements in 
Pump Alley, for 21 years, from lady-day 1814, at the 
yearly rent of £40. 

In another of the leases, the said John Thorn demised 
to John Bond, a messuage on the south side of the High 
Street, Old Brentford, for 21 years, from lady-day, 1814, 
at the yearly rent of £26. 

By the third lease, the said John Thorn demised to 
John How, two new-built messuages, situate on the south 
side of the town of New Brentford, at the yearly rent 
of £12. 12s. 

The previous rent of the whole of these premises, was 
£30. 

1685. John Taylor, Gent, gave to the poor of the parish 
for ever, a piece of ground, abutting east, on 
land belonging to the Fox and Hounds ; west, 
on Nathanial Vincuff's ; north, on the King's 
Highway ; south, on the River Thames, and 
which the inhabitants in 1685 first let on lease, 
and on which is a tenement now let to Thomas 
Gore, at £22. 

John Taylor's Charity. — A house appears to have been 
built many years ago on this ground, which was demised 
by the Churchwardens, with the approbation of the Vestry, 
to Thomas Gore, for 32 years, from lady-day 1738, at the 
yearly rent of £ I., with a covenant by the lessee to lay out 



CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS 207 

£50. within three months, in repairing the premises, and 
to keep them in repair. 

The Countess of Derby's Gift. — Elizabeth Countess 
of Derby, by her will, dated 24th July, 1714, devised a 
messuage &c. situate at Kew. 

There is now standing in the name of the Accountant 
general a sum of £500. three per cent, consolidated 
annuities, the annual dividend of which being £15. is 
distributed by trustees nominated by the parish of Ealing, 
and appointed by the Court of Chancery, to fifty poor 
widows of the lower side, in sums of fifteen shillings each. 
The same persons receive the annuity during their lives, 
and when a vacancy by death takes place, it is filled up 
bv the churchwarden of the time bein^. 

The names of the present trustees are Thomas Caldwell, 
George Osborne, and John Newton. 

1715. Richard Taylor, gave by will, a house and 
premises in Great Ealing, near the Green, for 
the purchase of coals for eight poor families, 
whom the vicar shall think fit, on each side of 
the parish, not receiving alms of the parish. 
The present tenant, (1845,) is Mr. Nye, at the 
yearly rent of fifty pounds. 

1753. Jonathan Gurnell, Sen. Esq. gave by will seven 
hundred pounds, three per cent, annuities, two- 
sevenths of the interest thereof for .the use of 
the Boys' School, and the remainder to be laid 
out in coal or firing for housekeepers of the 
upper side of the parish, at the discretion of 
the executors. The dividends of this stock are 
paid at the house of Messrs. Harmer and Co. 
Old Broad-street. 

1752. Jonathan Gurnell, Jun. Esq. gave by will five 
hundred pounds in trust for the use of the 
same schools, to be invested in 
securitv. 



208 HISTORY OF EALING. 

1759. Mrs. Elizabeth Barnes, who died in 1759, gave by 
will four hundred pounds, the interest thereof 
to be paid to four poor widows annually for 
ever. 

1759. Mrs. Elizabeth Barnes' Gift — This stock, 
being now three per cent, consolidated long 
annuities, stands at present in the names of 
Rev. John Smith, James Hemmings, Robert 
Clark, and Thomas Meacock. The dividends 
amount to thirteen pounds and six-pence. 

1783. William Adair, Esq. in 1788, gave by will one 
hundred pounds, three per cent, annuities, the 
interest thereof to be applied for the benefit 
of poor widows of this parish, whom the vicar 
and churchwardens shall think fit. 

1793. Henry York bequeathed the sum of two hundred 

and fifty pounds South Sea annuities, half the 
dividends of which is given to the poor of 
Ealing, and half to his descendants. 

1794. Mr. Edward Payne's Gift. — Edward Payne, 

Esq. by his will, dated the 26th April, 1794, 
bequeathed to the vicar of Ealing, the sum of 
one hundred pounds, to be by him invested in 
the three per cent, consolidated annuities, and 
the dividends to be laid out in coals to be dis- 
tributed at his discretion. 

This legacy was invested as directed, and the 
stock purchased was afterwards increased by 
the investment of another bequest of one 
hundred pounds, given by the late Sir Charles 
Morgan, three hundred and eleven pounds, six 
shillings, and eleven-pence ; and was further 
increased in 1843, by a bequest of one hundred 
pounds, from General Sir Frederic TTetherall, 
G.C.H. The stock now amounts to four 



CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 209 

hundred and fourteen pounds, sixteen shillings, 
and nine-pence, and now stands in the names 
of the Rev. J. Smith, J. Tattersal, Esq. M.D. 
and G. Wood, Esq. ; and now produces an 
annual dividend of twelve pounds, eight shil- 
lings, and ten-pence. 



The Boys' National School at Ealing — Contains 
at the present time 115 scholars, of whom 28 are clothed. 
The income arises from Lady Capell's bequest, about £80. 

Mrs. Stafford's legacy £30. 

Mr. Gurvele's ditto £ 6. 

And the dividends on £2700. three per cents £81. 

Arising from sundry bequests and donations. 

There is a residence for the Master to the School 
trust. 

The School premises are situate in Ealing-lane, leading 
to Brentford. 



Lady Capell's Will — By this will the Right Hon. 
Dorothy Dowager Lady Capell, of Tewkesbury, in the 
year 1721, by will gave one-twelfth part of the income of 
an estate in Kent, called Perry-court Farm, towards the 
support of the Charity School, at Ealing. The estate is 
vested in four trustees for the purposes aforesaid. 

The estate is most advantageously situate, adjoining the 
turnpike-road, from London to Canterbury, and within 
one mile from the town of Faversham. It is composed 
principally of arable land, and contains a large house, 
gardens, and offices, and is fit for the reception of a 
genteel family. The present tenant, Mr. John Walter, 
whose family has rented the farm 150 years, has kept 
the buildings and fences in good repair. Except about 
twenty small elms, there is no timber on the estate ; the 
whole of which is titheable, and the grain taken in kind, 
bv the different tithe owners. 



210 HISTORY OF EALING 

Perry-court Farm, in the parishes of Preston, Lucl- 
denham, and Orpringe, surveyed November, 1807. 

A. P. R. 

Great field contains 81 15 

Chapel field 18 1 34 

Martin's field 25 2 (> 

Cut Thorn field 9 2 5 

Meadow 5 37 

The Six acres 6 35 

Orchard 2 2 34 

Yard, offices, and gardens 1 1 27 



Total 150 33 



Girls' Charity School. — This school was founded 
by Dame Jane Rawlinson, who, by her will, dated 7th 
of October, 1712, gave five hundred pounds to Timothy 
Bolton, and others, upon trust, with such sum to purchase 
in fee the sum of twenty pounds per annum, or so much 
more yearly rent as the said sum of five hundred pounds 
would purchase in freehold lands, within twenty-five 
miles of Ealing, and out of the rents and profits yearly to 
pay for the maintenance of a school mistress within the 
said parish, to teach twenty poor girls of the said parish 
to read English and to work plain work. 

There is a Girls' National School at Ealing, to which in 
1837, an Infant School was added. There are now in the 
girls' school about fifty scholars, and in the infant school 
about seventy-five. The girls are clothed. 

The school premises are situate on the Green at Ealing, 
and contain school rooms, with a residence for the mistress 
of each school. The income arises from 
Kent of land purchased with Lady Rawlinson's 

bequest and other monies £ 52. 

Mrs. Stafford's legacy £830. 

The dividends on £1900. three per cents, reduced, 

arising from sundry bequests and donations £ 37. 



CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 



£11 



Chronological List of Charitiei 



DATE 


NAME. 


BENEFACTIOX5 


». APPROPRIATIONS. 


1012. 


Edward Vaughan, Esq 


.... £20. ... 


To the Poor. 


1620. 


John Bowman, B.D 


.... £60 


Ditto 


16.38. 


Richard Need, and Mary his Wife 




1605. 


John Taylor, Gent 






1713. 


Lady Jane Rawlinson 


.... £500 


To the Girls' School. 


1714. 


Lady Derby 


.... £500 


To the Poor. 


1715. 


Richard Taylor 






1721. 




.... £11 


To the Boys' School. 
Ditto. 


1725. 


Elizabeth Colleton 


.... £100 


1750. 


John Rogers, Gent 


.... £100 


Ditto. 


1752. 


Jonathan Gurnell, Jun. Esq.. . 


.... £1000. .. 


To the Poor. 


1753. 


Jonathan Gurnell, Sen. Esq. . . 


.... £200 


To the Boys' School. 




Mr. Thomas Pearce 


.... £10 


Ditto. 


1756. 


Mrs. Sarah Gurnell 


.... £100 


Ditto. 


1758. 


William Wogan, Esq 


.... £5 


Ditto. 


1750. 


Mrs. Elizabeth Barnes 


.... £400.... 


To the Poor. 


1770. 


Matthew Fairless 


.... £50. ... 


To the Boys' School. 


1774. 


Mrs. Mary Bertand 


.... £21. ... 


. Ditto. 


1777 


Rev. P. F. Le Couravcr 


.... £200. . . . 


To the Girls' School. 


1779. 


Mrs. Francis Cole 


.... £50. ... 


Ditto. 




Jeremiah Harman 


.... £20. ... 


To the Boys' School. 
To the Girl's School. 


1783. 


Mrs. Martha Sparrow 


.... £21. 13s. 




William Adair, Esq 


.... £100 


. To the Poor. 


1788. 


John Ayton 


.... £21 


To the Boys' School. 




James Taylor 


.... £75. . . . 


To the Sunday Schools 


1704. 


Edward Payne, Esq 


.... £100 


To the Poor. 


1705. 


Mrs. Hannah Harman .... 


....£62 


To the Girls' School. 


1700. 


Thomas Fletcher, Esq 


.... £40 


To the Boys' School. 


1800. 


Anu, Wife of Francis Stephens 


Esq. £35 


To the Girls' School. 


1802. 


Brentford Armed Association 


.... £20 


To the Boys' School. 



PARISH REGISTER. 

Average of Baptisms and Burials. 

The parish registry , which begins in the year 1582, is 
imperfect during the seventeenth century, that no satis- 
p2 



ge of Baptisms. Average of Burials 


29f 


29 


98* ■ 


110i 

3 


139J 


. . 185} 


156 


162 


173 


■ • 166 T V 


184f 


. . 159f 


225 


. 153* 


175 


162 



212 HISTORY OF EALING, 

factory average of baptisms or burials can be procured ; 
but it was kept with much accuracy during the succeeding 
century, and great pains have been taken to preserve 
what remains of the more ancient records, some of which 
are in a mutilated condition. 

1 

1583—1592 

1730—1739 

1780—1784 

1785—1789 

1790—1799 

1800—1808 

1813—1822 

1823—1836 

Form of Publication of Marriages during the 
Commonwealth . 

1653. A publication of an intent of marriage betweene 
John Holliday, the sonne of Jo. Holliday, water- 
man, and Sarah Walker, spinster, and daughter 
of Richard Walker, of Old Brentford, mealman, 
was published in Yling church three several 
days, viz. Nov. 6, 13, &c. 1653. 

By me, Joseph Wade, Register. 

Burials during the plague in Old Brentford and Ealing, 
in the years 1665, and 1666. 

It appears from the parish register "that this dreadful 
calamity was first brought into this parish by two soldiers 
who were quartered at the Half-way House, at Old 
Brentford, and that from that period it continued to rage 
for more than twelve months, during which time there 
were not less than two hundred and fifty funerals. 

June 24. "A souldier dyed at the Half-way House at 
Old Brentford, at Don's. 



EALING CHURCH BELLS. 213 

July 1. "A souldier that dyed at James Garraways. 

10. John White and a son of Richard were buried 
of the plague, from Don's. 

12. Richard Don the master of the house. 

13. Two children of Richard Don, a maid, and a 

maid of James Garraway's, all buried in one 
grave, in Old Brentford-field, of the plague. 
22 , Sarah, a child of James Garraway's dyed of 

the plague. 
26. One that dyed in the Burrow at Old Brentford, 
of the plague. 
One that wrought at Robert Monday's, of the 

plague. 
The wife of Joseph Grant, of the plague. 
31. A child of Ben Wallis, of the plague. 
Aug. 23. Anne, wife of Robert Randell, of the plague. 
24. A girl buried of the plague, from Walters' house 
in the towne. 

26. Three children from Brentford, of the plague. 

27. Two from Mr. Walter's house. 

28. Robert Randall. 

28. Francis Potter. 

29. A child named John Mason. 
29. Goodman Carter's wife. 

Nov. 10. Robert Cromwell's maid. 

Barbarietta, the daughter John Welbro, Gent." 

The burials continued increasing during the months of 
November and December, sometimes seven in a" day, and 
from June, to the end of January following, not less than 
250 persons were buried of this disorder, most of whom 
were placed in holes dug in the fields to the south of the 
village, and to this very day they have retained the name 
of " Dead Man's Graves." 

Ealing Church Bells. — This peal consists of eight 
bells, on each of which are inscribed the founder's name, 
the date of the year, and the names of the Churchwardens ; 



214 HISTORY OF EALING. 

the earliest of which appears to be 1789, and the latest 
1795. 

The origin of Church Bells is of remote antiquity. It 
appears they were used by the Greeks and Romans, 
both for sacred and profane purposes. Whitakcr informs 
us, that bells were in frequent use among the Romans ; 
and were, probably, introduced by them to the Britons 
during their sway over this island.* 

Even since the introduction of bells into the service of 
the Church, in the fifth century, the English have been 
distinguished for their proficiency in the art of ringing, 
and for their partiality for this amusement. 

Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, is generally considered as the 
first person who introduced bells into ecclesiastical service, 
about the year 400 ; and we are told by an ancient histo- 
rian that, in the year 610, Lupus, Bishop of Orleans, being 
at Sens, then besieged by the army of Clothaire II., fright- 
ened away the besiegers by ringing the bells of St. Stephen's 
Church, which is a clear proof that they were not, at that 
time, generally known in France. f 

The first large bells are, however, mentioned by Bedc, 
in the year 680 ; before that period, the early British 
Christians made use of wooden rattles (sacra lignaj to call 
the congregation of the faithful together. Hand bells, 
probably, first appeared at religious processions, and were 
afterwards used by the secular musicians. The small bells 
were not always held in the hand ; they were sometimes 
suspended on a stand, and struck with hammers. The 
annexed figure, which affords a curious example of this 
kind, is taken from a manuscript of the fourteenth century ; 
it is intended as a representation of King David, and is 
affixed to one of his psalms. + 

* Catli. Hist, of Cornwall, vol. ii. p. 140. Durand. Rational, lib. i. c. 4. 
Allen's Hist, of Lambeth, p. 40 — 53. 

+ Vide Gregor Tur. lib. vi. c. 2. Du Cange, torn. ii. p. 95. 

Is pulsando campanas in Templo Stephani apud Siuonas (quo signo con- 
vocare solebatpopulum) exercitum Clotharii, qui muros obsidione cinxerat adeo 
terruit, ut omnes sese fugam verterunt. — Vincent, in Sjk'c. Hist. 1. 23, c. 9. 

I Manuscript in the Royal Library, now in the British Museum, marked 
B. XL*— Strath Sports and Pastimes, p. ^59. 



EALING CHURCH BELLS. 



215 




Six different names have been applied to bells used in 
church service. Ingulphus, Abbot of Croyland, who died 
about 1109, speaks of them as being well known in his 
time, and says, that " Turketullus, the first Abbot of Croy- 
land, gave six bells to that Monastery, that is to say, two 
great ones, which he named Bartholomew and Beladine ; 
two of a middling size, called Turketullum and Beterine ; 
two small ones, denominated Pega and Bega; he also 
caused the great bell to be made, called Gudla, which was 
tuned to the other bells, and produced an admirable 
harmony, not to be equalled in England."* Of these, 

* Spelman Glos. Yoc. Camp. Du Cange Voc. 



216 HISTORY OF EALING. 

Durandus writes many things ; and he mentions six kinds 
of small bells, that were rung in the church. Squilum was 
rung in the refectory, Cymbalum in the cloister, Nola in 
the quire, Nolula in the clock-house, Campana in the belfry, 
and Lignum in the steeple or the tower. 

In the Romish church, these bells were anointed Oleo 
Chrismatis ; they were exorcised, the Bishop blessed 
them, baptized them, and gave them the name of some 
Saint ; and when these ceremonies were performed, it was 
verily believed that they had the power to drive the devil 
out of the air — to make him quake and tremble — to make 
him fly at the sound thereof. Tanquam ante crucis vexil- 
lum, that they had power to calm storms and tempests — to 
make fair weather — to extinguish sudden Arcs — to recreate 
the dead — to restrain the power of the devil over the corpse 
whilst they rung, Avhich was the reason of ringing bells at 
funerals. But since the time of the reformation, it has 
been the usual course, in the churches of England, and it 
is a very laudable one, that when any sick person lay draw- 
ing on, a bell tolled, to give notice to the neighbours that 
they might pray for the dying party, which was commonly 
called a passing bell, because the sick person was passing 
hence to another world ; and when his breath was expired, 
the bell rung out, that the neighbours might cease their 
prayers, for that the party was dead. 

The Jews used trumpets for bells. The Greek church, 
under them, still follow their old custom of using wooden 
boards, or iron plates full of holes, which they hold in 
their hands, and knock with a hammer or mallet, to call 
the people together to church. China has been remarkably 
famous for its bells. Father le Compte tells us, that at 
Pekin there are seven bells, each of which weighs 120,000 
pounds. 

Baronius says, that Pope John XIII. A.D. 968, conse- 
crated a very large neAV-cast bell, in the Lateran church, 
which was probably the first instance of what has been 
since called the baptising of bells, a superstition Avhich is 
rediculed in the " Romish Beehive." The vestiges of this 
custom may vet be traced in England in Tom of Lincoln, 



EALING CHURCH BELLS. 217 

and great Tom, the " mighty Tom/' at Christ church, 
Oxford. 

" Bells/' says Dr. Fuller, " are no effectual charm against 
lightning ; the frequent firing of abbey churches by light- 
ning, confuteth the proud motto, commonly written on the 
bells in their steeples, wherein each bell entitleth itself to 
a six-fold efficacy, viz. — 

Men's death I tell, by doleful knell, 
Li gli tiling and thunder I break asunder, 
On Sabbath all, to church I call, 
The sleepy head I raise from bed, 
The winds so fierce I do disperse, 
Men's cruel rage I do assuage. 

The dislike of spirits to bells is thus mentioned in the 
Golden Legend, by Wynken de Worde : — " It is said, the 
evil spirytes, that been in the regon of thayne, dowt much 
whan they here the bells rongen, an this is the cause why 
the belles ben rongen when it thonclreth, and whanne 
grete tempests and outrages of wether happen, to the ende 
that the feinds and wyched spirytes shod be abashed and 
flee, and cease of the movynge of tempeste." 

The custom of rejoicing the bells on high festivals, 
Christmas-day, &c. is derived from the early ages. The 
ringing of bells, also, on the arrivals of Sovereign Princes 
or Bishops, at places under their jurisdiction, was also a 
very ancient custom, whence we seem to have derived the 
modern compliment of welcoming persons of consequence 
by a cheerful peal.* 

There is a curious passage in Fuller's History of Wal- 
tham Abbey, A.D. 1542, 34 of Henry VII. relative to the 
wages of bell ringers. It is preserved in the church- 
wardens' accounts — 

" Item, paid for ringing at the Prince his coming, a penny" 

It was customary to put the following lines within the 

* Et est assavoir que en la dite ville, et semblablement par toutes les autres 
villes, ou il a ete, tant en venant a Paris, comme en son retour, il n'a ete receu 
en quelque Eglise a procession, ni cloches sonnees a son venir. Campa- 
narum pulsatio episcoporum et abbatum in ecclesias quae iis subditse sunt, 
antiquus mos. — See Du Cange. Gloss. Verb. Campaiia. 



218 HISTORY OF EALING. 

steeple, or others to the same import, declaratory of their 
various uses — 

We praise the true God, call the people, convene the clergy, 
Lament the dead, dispel pestilence, and grace festivals. 

The use of bells in churches gave rise to that singular 
edifice the campanile, or bell-tower, an addition which is 
more susceptible of the grander beauties of architecture 
than any other part of the church. It was the constant 
appendage to every parish church of the Saxons, and is 
actually mentioned as such in the laws of Athelstan. 

The practice of ringing bells is said to be peculiar to 
this country, whence Britain has been called the ringing 
island. This peculiarity is noticed by an ancient traveller, 
who observes, that " the English are vastly fond of great 
noises that fill the air, and particularly of ringing of bells, 
so that it is common," says he, " for a number of them to 
go up into some belfry, and ring the bells for hours together 
for the sake of exercise."* This custom seems to have 
begun with the Saxons, and was common before the Con- 
quest. Bell ringing, though a recreation chiefly of the 
lower classes, is not in itself incurious, or unworthy of 
notice. Musical composers, however, seem to have written 
but little upon the subject. The treatise at present in 
high repute upon this subject is entitled " Campanalogia 
Improved ; or, the Art of Ringing made easy," which will 
be found to explain all the terms made use of in ringing of 
peals, with all their regular formations. 

The church tower is about eighty feet high. In the 
belfry are recorded several remarkable peals rung here at 
various times, viz. 

1798. Sunday, January 28. — The Society of College 
Youths did ring on the bells in this tower 6048 
changes of bob major, in three hours and forty-five 

* Hentznefs Itin. published by Lord Orford, Straw. Hill, p. 88. See the 
subject of bells further treated on in Faulkner's Hist, of Chelsea, vol. i. p. 194; 
Hist. ofFulham, p. 51— 53; Hist, of Kensington, p. 301; Hist, of Hammer- 
smith, p. 151. 



EALING CHURCH BELLS. 219 

minutes, with the sixth at home, twelve times wrong 
and twelve times right. 

Mr. Richard Hickman, \ ^ . _ 
Ar rp ri r Churchwardens. 

Mr. ihomas Cracknell, ) 

1809. Sunday, October 1. — The Company of Isleworth 
Youth performed the complete peal of 5040 grand- 
sire tripples, in two hours and forty-five minutes. 

1841. Sunday, May 2. — There was rung in this steeple, 
by a Friendly Society, a true and complete peal of 
grandsire tripples, consisting of 5040 changes, which 
was performed in three hours and one minute, by 
nine persons. 

Mr. Samuel Knevett, ) 

nr rp T (Churchwardens. 

Mr. Thomas Layton, i 

Of Ringing the Church Bells. — There have been 
some doubts as to the right of the minister and church- 
wardens, individually, to order or refuse the ringing of the 
church bells ; and the subject having recently engaged 
some attention in the counties of Devon and Somerset, 
the following opinions of Dr. Lushington, upon cases laid 
before him, are referred to for the information of those it 
may concern : — 

Case I. — I am of opinion that all the church bells are subject to the 
same regulations. The bells ought not to be rung without the joint 
consent of the minister and churchwardens. The minister alone has 
not authority to order them to be rung, neither have the churchwardens 
alone. If the minister refuse his consent, they ought not to be rung ; 
but I am of opinion that the minister and one churchwarden would, in 
ordinary cases, be considered sufficient authority for ringing. In 
strictness, the previous consent of the minister and both churchwardens' 
is necessary. The minister cannot lawfully direct the ringing of bells 
until the consent of the churchwardens has been obtained ; nor the 
churchwardens, until the minister's permission has been granted. 

(Signed) Stephen Lushington. 

Case II. — That the consent of the minister, whether incumbent or curate, 
is necessary to authorise the ringing of the bells of the church ; and 
that the consent of either, or both the churchwardens, without the 
minister's consent, is not sufficient : the consent of the minister to the 
ringing of the bells must always be had. If the two churchwardens 
differ, the consent of the minister and one of the churchwardens would 
be sufficient . but the consent of the minister against both the church- 



220 HISTORY OF EALING. 

wardens would not justify the ringing ; nor would the consent of both 
the churchwardens against the minister authorise it. 
The minister has authority to limit the time of ringing, and the ringers are 
hound to obey him ; and no person has a right, without the consent of 
the minister (whether incumbent or curate), to place flags or garlands, 
or any thing else, either in or upon the church, or in the church-yard. 

Stephen Lushington. 
The Parish of Dawlish, Devon. 
The Parish of Charlton, Macknel, Somersetshire. 



PAROCHIAL PERAMBULATIONS. 

That every man might keep his own possessions, 

Our fathers used, in reverend processions, 

With zealous prayers, and with praiseful cheere, 

To walk their parish limits once a year. 

And well-known marks (which sacrilegious hands 

Now cut or breathe), so bord'red out their lands, 

That every one distinctly knew his owne, 

And many broils, now rife, were then unknowne. 

Withefs Emblems (10)35.) 

The origin of the custom of perambulating the bounds of 
parishes goes as far back as the Romans, for, from the 
days of Numa Pompilius they worshipped the god Ter- 
minus whom they looked upon to be the guardian of 
fields and land marks, and the bond of friendship and 
peace among them, upon this account the feast called 
Terminilia was dedicated to him ; instead of which we 
have substituted perambulations which are of great use in 
order to preserve the boundaries of parishes, for by the 
injunctions of Queen Elizabeth it was ordained that the 
people should once a year, at the time accustomed, walk 
about the parish with the curate and the substantial men, 
and at their return to the church make their common 
prayers. And the curate of their said common perambu- 
lations was requested, at certain convenient places, to 
admonish the people to give thanks to God for the increase 
and abundance of his fruits upon the face of the earth, 
accompanied with the singing of the 103rd psalm. Agree- 
ably to this we read in the Life of the inous Hooker, 
that he would bv " no means omit the customary time of 



PEROCHIAL PERAMBULATIONS. 221 

procession, persuading all both rich and poor, if they 
desired the preservation of home, and their parish rights 
and liberties to accompany him in his perambulation, 
when he would usually express more pleasant discourse 
than at other times, and then would always drop some 
loving and facetious observations to be remembered against 
the next year, especially by the boys and young people, still 
inclining them and all his present parishioners to meek- 
ness, mutual kindness and love."* The particular office 
ordered by the Church of England for Rogation Sunday 
is exactly suited for the nature of the season ; the three 
following days are appointed fasts, and one of the Homi- 
lies is composed particularly for the parochial perambu- 
lation. The word parochia, or parish, anciently signified 
what we now call the diocese of a bishop. In the early 
ages of the Christian Church, as kings founded Cathedrals, 
so great men founded parochial churches for the use of 
themselves and their dependants, the bounds of the paro- 
chial division being commonly the same with those of the 
founder's jurisdiction, some foundations similar to this are 
mentioned by Bede about the year 700. f 

Camden says, that this kingdom was first divided into 
parishes by Honorius, Archbishop of Canterbury, in the 
year 636, and reckons 2984 parishes. But the division 
of a diocese into rural parishes, and the foundation of 
Churches adequate to them cannot be ascribed to any one 
act, nor indeed to any one single age. Blount says, that 
Rogation week is always the next week but one before 
Whitsunday, and so called, because as Monday, Tuesday, 
and Wednesday of that week, Rogations and Litinies 
were used, and fasting, at least abstinence, then enjoined 
by the Church to all persons, not only for a devout pre- 
paration to the feast of Christ's ascension, and descent of 
the Holy Ghost shortly after, but also to request and 
supplicate the blessing of God upon the fruits of the 
earth. 

The Dutch call it Cruss Week, i. e. Cross Week, and 

* See Walton's Life of Hooker, p. 72. + Collier's Eccl. Hist. vol. i. p. 231. 



222 HISTORY OF EALING. 

so it is called in some parts of England, because of old, 
when the priests went in procession, the cross was carried 
before them. 

It was formerly among the enquiries of the archdeacons 
whether the practice was duly observed in the several 
parishes, and Herbert mentions the pious and sociable 
uses of this custom.* There does not appear to exist any 
law by which this custom can be enforced, nor can the 
Ecclesiastical Judges oblige the churchwardens to go their 
bounds ; this is a growing evil, which can only be remedied 
by an Act of Parliament. f 

* See Herbert's Country Parson. 

f See Faulkner's Hist, of Kensington, p. 5. 



THE VILLAGE OF EALING. 



223 



CHAPTER III. 

Village of Ealing — Ealing and Brentford Volunteers — Ealing Manor — Par- 
sonage House — Manor of Cold-hall — Goodenough House — Ealing House, 
Lady Noel Byron's Industrial School — Elm Grove — Ealing Grove — Ealing 
Green — Little Ealing — Ealing Park — Ealing Dean — Manor of Gunnersbury 
— Ancient Houses — Eminent Inhabitants. 

The Village of Ealing is situated as already observed, 
principally on the south side of the Uxbridge road; it 
consists of many detached gentlemen's seats, which it is the 
purport of this chapter to describe ; but a remarkable 
event, which occurred in the modern history of the parish, 
demands, from its importance, apriority of notice, namely, 
the formation and establishment of the Ealing and Brent- 
ford Armed Association and Volunteer Corps. 

When the country was menaced by foreign enemies and 
domestic agitators, the inhabitants of Ealing and Brentford 
nobly answered the call of honour, when they formed 
themselves into a military association in 1797. 

The corps consisted of a regiment of infantry, com- 
manded by T. Harrington, Esq. whom they unanimously 
chose for their major. Their arms and accoutrements were 
furnished by government, but all other requisites were 
provided at their own expense. The corps, Avithin a short 
time after it was embodied, consisted of near 200 members. 
The colours were deposited in Ealing church at the end of 
the war. 

After the short interval of peace (1808) subsequent to the 
treaty of Amiens, the threat of invasion being renewed, the 
inhabitants resolved upon the formation of a volunteer corps. 

At a numerous and respectable meeting of the inhabitants 
of the parish of Ealing, and the township of New Brent- 
ford, convened by public notice, at the chapel in Old 
Brentford, on Monday, the 8th of August, 1803, Lieut. - 
Col. Drinkwater in the chair, it was resolved unanimously — 

" That at this momentous crisis, when an ambitious and 



29A 



HISTORY OF EALING. 



implacable foe threatens the invasion and destruction of 
this kingdom, it is the duty and interest of every man, who 
wishes to preserve the blessings we enjoy under our free 
and happy constitution, to stand forward in defence of his 
king and country. — That it is the opinion of this meeting, 
that the most effectual mode of strengthening the arm 
of government, and of testifying our loyalty and zeal, is to 
form a volunteer corps of the inhabitants of the said parish 
and township. — That a declaration, conformable to the 
general provisions of the act of parliament lately passed, 
to enable His Majesty more effectually to provide for the 
defence and the security of the realm, be drawn up, to be 
signed by those inhabitants who are willing to enroll them- 
selves to serve in this corps of volunteers. — That every 
person so enrolling himself, do subscribe three guineas 
towards defraying the expences of his military uniform. — 
That the corps be distinguished by the name of the Ealing 
and Brentford volunteers. — That those persons enrolling 
themselves, who are possessed of arms and accoutrements 
used by the late Brentford armed association, be invited 
to produce them on this occasion; and that application be 
made to government to furnish arms for the remainder of 
the corps. — That a general committee be appointed to take 
measures for carrying the above resolutions into effect. — 
That the said committee consist of seven gentlemen of the 
upper side, and seven of the lower side of Ealing parish, 
and six of the township of New Brentford, together with 
a treasurer, and two auditors." 

■Names of the Committee. — Ealing, Upper Side. — The 
Rev. C. Carr, Vicar ; Rev. Dr. Nicholas ; Rev. W. Goode- 
nough; Lieut.-Col. Drinkwater; E. Roberts, Esq.; R. 
Gray, Esq. ; Thomas M'Donald, Esq. — Loioer Side. — 
T. Smith, Esq. ; T. Harrington, Esq. ; Mr. J. Andrews, 
Mr. T. Caldwall; Mr. J. P. Rowe ; Mr. G. Osborne; 
Mr. R. Allen. — New Brentford. — James Clitherow, Esq. ; 
Mr. M. Banks ; Mr. J. Drinkwater ; Mr. H. Ronalds ; 
Mr. P. Norbury ; Mr. B. Padclon ; together with S. Purkis, 
Esq. who is likewise requested to act as treasurer ; and 
F. Stephens, Esq. and Mr. G Clark, as auditors. 



THE VILLAGE OF EALING. 225 

* c That the said committee be empowered to conduct all 
proceedings preparatory to the final constitution of the 
corps, and also to adopt such further regulations as may 
appear to them expedient. — That such inhabitants as from 
age or other circumstances are prevented enrolling them- 
selves on this occasion, be requested to promote the 
purposes of this meeting by their pecuniary subscriptions, 
which will be received by the treasurer, or any member of 
the committee. — That books for enrollment be left at the 
vicarage, Ealing ; at Mr. Jullien's, Old Brentford ; and at 
Mr. Norbury's, New Brentford, until Thursday evening, 
when the books will be closed. — That the thanks of this 
meeting be given to Thomas M'Donald, Esq. for the very 
eloquent and impressive address now delivered, and for 
his zeal and attention on many former occasions. — That 
the thanks of this meeting be given to Lieut.-Col. Drink- 
water, for his very able and impartial conduct in the chair." 

The speech of Thomas McDonald, Esq. at the general 
meeting of the inhabitants of Ealing and Brentford, on 
Monday, the 8th of August, 1803, to consider the most 
effectual means of forming a volunteer corps : — 

After stating in detail the proceedings of the vestry, 
held at Ealing, on the 28th of July, of the committee 
appointed at that vestry, and the sub-committee by them 
chosen, in the course of which detail he took occasion to 
do justice to the zeal and known merits of the officers and 
gentlemen of the late Brentford armed association, and 
after reading the resolutions of the committee for the imme- 
diate formation of a strong volunteer corps, conformably 
to the act lately passed for the defence of the realm, 
Mr. McDonald proceeded nearly as follows : — " These, 
Sir, are the proceedings and resolutions I have undertaken 
to submit to the consideration of this general meeting of 
the parish of Ealing and township of New Brentford, 
which it gratifies me to see so very respectably and nume- 
rously attended ; and in executing the duty with which I 
have been honoured, I feel the most sensible satisfaction, 

Q 



226 HISTORY OF EALING. 

not only because these resolutions have met with my own 
cordial approbation, but because I am thus enabled to bear 
public testimony to the zeal, the steady spirit, and unani- 
mity which have distinguished all our public meetings on 
this momentous business. The same unanimity I hope 
will prevail on the present occasion ; and I do not hesitate 
to say, with perfect confidence, that if the same spirit pre- 
vails, as we have reason to belive that it does, throughout 
the kingdom at large, the country is safe. The conduct 
of the people here is anxiously observed in France, and 
speedy preparation, with the determined purpose of a brave 
resistance, will enable us, under Heaven, to surmount the 
threatened evil. I have said that in every instance we 
have been unanimous, and indeed were we not unanimous 
at the present crisis, I would ask on what occasion is una- 
nimity to be looked for? Is not the cause a common 
cause ? What rank or station can claim exemption from 
the impending danger ? the rich man would be robbed of 
his wealth, the earnings perhaps of a life of industry, or 
the inheritance of his fathers, but would the poor man 
be protected by his poverty ? If such were his thoughts 
he would quickly find himself greatly disappointed. The 
prince would be drawn from his palace ; but would not 
the peasant be dragged from his cottage, from his helpless 
family, to be the tortured drudge of a ruffian foreigner? 
to be kept alive for the base uses to which his remaining 
strength might be applied ; to be fed in the bondage of a 
slave, from the offals of a Frenchman's table ? his body 
wasting under oppression, his mind would feel all the 
agony of despair, while he thought, full many a thankless 
and unprofitable hour of labour, on the family he had lost, 
the cottage he once could call his own, the security of 
which, under the cherishing care of a good and gracious 
sovereign, he had possessed — the liberty of equal law he 
had enjoyed. Perhaps to complete his woe, he might feel, 
with bitter remorse, that he had but ill estimated the value 
of those gifts of Heaven when they were in his possession, 
that when called upon to defend his country, he had kept 
back, and thus, alas ! deserved the dreadful punishment 



EALING AND BRENTFORD VOLUNTEERS. 227 

he suffered. These are not the paintings of imagination. 
In those wretched countries which, from weakness, for 
want of preparation, from internal dissention, or from 
treachery, have submitted to the iron power of that fierce 
usurper, who now, with insolence unparalleled, dares to 
think of assaulting this mighty empire. In those wretched 
countries there are thousands now pining under the mise- 
ries I have described. They hear the threats against 
England, but not without hope. The glories of British 
liberty have long shone brightly through the gloom. The 
renown of British valour pervades the world. The world 
looks on, and hopes for deliverance and relief; and that 
world shall see, that if the mad attempt is made, the fierce 
invader and his hordes of slaves will perish in the tempest 
which they themselves have raised. But that our vengeance 
may be sure, one must not forget that courage, however 
strong, will not avail without order and controul; our 
indignation to be dreadful must receive its aim from skill 
and system. Spirit, without precaution, would lead to 
destruction — would plunge us into danger, without the 
means of safety. It is the characteristic of English courage 
to bear down with the collected force of steady movement 
— to be firm, and so invincible. Let us maintain this 
character ; and while we suffer not an hour to elapse with- 
out advancing in preparation, let all our preparations have 
the quality of order, and instruction in the use of arms. 
Who that reflects for one moment, can refuse to sacrifice 
some small portion of personal ease for permanent security 
— the glorious security of old English independence. 
Stand forward, then, my friends, and rally round the pillar 
of your country's safety. Our sovereign calls ; and who 
can brook the thought of one moment's delay. What! 
are we prepared to see this fair land, the seat of our fore- 
fathers, the scene of so many glorious acts of patriotism 
and courage, torn from our possession, and made the haunt 
of Frenchmen ? or despoiled of all that the worth of ages 
has produced, and by rancourous desolation reduced to 
that dreary waste which would effectually prevent the 
revival of our former greatness ? Are we prepared to 

q2 



2%8 HISTORY OF EALING. 

suffer our sacred constitution — our pure religion — our just 
laws — our charities — and all our institutions to be at once 
thrown down ? to see the remains of life in our aged and 
infirm parents extinguished under the pressure of con- 
tumely and abuse ? and scenes of bloodshed and rapine 
practised with cruelty proportioned to the envy which our 
former happiness produced ? Shall we submit to this ? 
Shall we pause one instant in providing for the means of 
sure resistance ? It cannot be. We will ever bear in 
mind those royal mottos, so nobly expressive of the just 
and vigorous spirit which distinguish the southern and 
northern parts of this happy island ; the one, ' God and 
my right ;' the other, ' None shall injure us and go un- 
punished.' We will stand forth, without fear. There is 
no cause for fear. Every circumstance is propitious. No 
internal discontents divide us. Here all is tranquil ; and 
an abundant harvest, with favourable skies, augurs plenty 
to the land. The God of nature smiles upon our purpose." 
The resolutions proposed were ably seconded by Edward 
Roberts, Esq. and unanimously passed, with every ex- 
pression of ardent approbation and zeal. 

The corps of the Ealing and Brentford volunteers, which 
was subsequently formed agreeably to the foregoing regu- 
lations, was divided into five companies, under the com- 
mand of Col. Drinkwater and Major Harrington; and the 
following gentlemen were also chosen as officers, viz. : — 

CAPTAINS. LIEUTS. ENSIGNS. 

Osborn Caldwell John Clarke 

Drinkwater Roberts, jun. G. Julion 

Andrews Paddon 

Essex, of Acton Essex, jun. 

J. P. Rowe Newton 

This corps continued their exercises till October, 1806, 
when it was finally dissolved, and the colours were deposited 
in Ealing church. 



EALING MANOR. 229 

Manor. — There are two general courts held for this 
manor, viz. on Easter Monday, and in the middle or end 
of November, in each year ; the former of which is a 
court leet and baron, when constables, headboroughs, ale- 
conners, and a common driver are appointed. 



The manner and ceremonies used at the courts leet and courts 
haron of the manor of Ealing, held at Hammersmith. 

Proclamation. — All manner of persons that owe suit 
and service to our sovereign lady the Queen, or the court 
leet and court baron of Charles James, Lord Bishop of 
London, lord of the manor of Ealing, held this day for the 
said manor, may give attendance here, and come into 
court, and take their admission. 

Juryman's Oath. — You shall truly presentment make 
of all such matters or things, as shall come before you, 
relative to the court leet and court baron held this day, 
for the manor of Ealing ; you shall present no man out of 
malice nor ill-will, nor leave any unpresented out of favour, 
but present the truth so far as shall come to your knowledge. 

Surrender. — You do by me, and by this rod, surrender 
into the hands of the lord of the manor of Ealing, all that 
copyhold messuage, and by this surrender you make to 
the use and behove of A. B. according to the custom of 
the manor. 

Admission. — The lord of the manor of Ealing does, by 
me, and by this rod, grant you seizen and possession of all 
that copyhold messuage, surrendered to you by A. B. to 
have and to hold. 

Surrender to Will. — You do by me, and by this rod, 
surrender into the hands of the lord of the manor of Ealing, 
all your copyhold lands ; and this surrender you make to 
the use and behove of such persons, or to such use or 



230 HISTORY OF EALING. 

uses, as you shall, by your last will and testament, declare 
and appoint. 

1. Copyholds descend in the nature of borough English 
to the males and females, and to the heirs lineal and collateral. 

2. On death or alienation, one year's quit rent to be 
paid, and for heriotable lands, three shillings and four 
pence, in the name of a heriot. 

3. The widow of a copyholder, if a spinster at the time 
of her marriage, hath one-third of his lands for her dower 
during life. 

4. Tenant by courtesy is allowed by the custom of this 
manor. 

5. A tenant may fell timber, or take down buildings on 
his copyhold lands, without obtaining the lord's license 
for the above purposes. 

Lands within the manor of Ealing descend to the youngest 
son, but in default of male issue, are divided among 
daughters equally. 

The manor of Ealing has belonged from time imme- 
morial to the See of London. The demesne lands, con- 
sisting of about 660 acres, were leased by Bishop Bonner, 
under the name of Ealing-bury, to Edward, Duke of 
Somerset, for a term of 200 years ; after his attainder they 
came into the hands of the crown, and were granted, 
anno 1601, for the unexpired term, to Simon Willis, who 
assigned one moiety to Thomas Fisher, and the other to 
Sir Thomas Penruddock. 

At the time of the parliamentary survey, A.D. 1650, 
the manor-house was in the possession of John Pen- 
ruddock, the same, it is probable, who was executed at 
Exeter, in 1655, for an insurrection against Cromwell. 
It is described in the Survey as " ruinated, and lying 
open since the first plundering thereof in the beginning 
of the last troubles." I have not had an opportunity of 
learning through what hands this estate passed afterwards 
till 1757, when Bonner's grant being expired, it was leased 
in the usual manner to Richard Long, Esq. and is now 
held under a new lease by his daughters and co-heiresses, 
one of whom is married to William Vachell, Esq. and the 



PARSONAGE HOUSE. 231 

other to George Harding, Esq. one of the justices of the 
grand sessions for Brecon, &c. Mr. Hardinge has alie- 
nated his interest in the lease to Mr. Peter Thornton. 

Royalties. — The manor is in the Bishop's own hands, 
and the courts are held by his steward. 

The royalties, or the right of fishing, hunting, &c. were 
leased to the late Jonathan Gurnell, Esq. and are now 
held by Jacob Jeddere, Esq. 

The Parsonage House, is a respectable and commo- 
dious building, and was greatly improved by the late 
vicar. The premises consist of about four acres. In ad- 
dition to which, there is a glebe land of about five acres and 
a half. 

The poor house was situated opposite to the church; 
after the completion of the Brentford Poor Law Union it 
was pulled down and houses have been built upon its site, 
which are the property of T. Butlin, Esq. who resides in 
the adjoining mansion, called West-field House. 

Robert Orme, Esq. — This distinguished historian was 
born at Anjingo, in the East Indies, in 1728, and was 
educated at Harrow. He afterwards obtained a civil 
appointment at Calcutta, and was created a member of 
the council at Fort St. George. After being elected com- 
missary and accountant-general in 1753, he embarked 
for England for the recovery of his health, but the ship 
in which he sailed being captured by the French, he did 
not reach his destination until the spring of 1760. The 
first volume of his celebrated work, " History of the Mili- 
tary Transactions of the British Nation in Indostan, from 
the year 1745," appeared in 1763, and the second in 1778. 
The elegance and perspicuity of the narrative, with its 
great fidelity and impartiality, entitle the author to rank 
with the best Historical writers of his time. 

He also published " Historical Fragments of the Mogul 
Empire of the Mahrattas, and of the English Concerns in 
Indostan."* 

* See his Epitaph, p. 190. 



%32 HISTORY OF EALING. 

In the beginning of January 1801, Mr. Ormc fell into 
a state of general debility that prognosticated a speedy 
dissolution of his frame, and on the thirteenth of the same 
month he expired, in the seventy-third year of his age. 
His remains were interred by his friends, in a vault that 
had been previously prepared for that purpose in the 
church-yard at Ealing, and soon after, a neat marble 
cenotaph was erected in the said church, in honour of his 
memory, by his Mend and executor Mr. Roberts, with 
an appropriate inscription composed by General Richard 
Smith. His personal habits were not marked by any 
very striking peculiarities, and his general manner of 
address was at once easy, sensible, and polite. The liberal 
and ingenious qualities of his heart, no less than of his 
mind, merited the highest commendation. His powers 
of conversation were very considerable, and such was the 
variety and extent of his knowledge, such the promptitude 
of his perceptions, and the versitality of his expressions, 
that he seldom failed to illustrate in a pleasing, and fre- 
quently in a forcible manner, whatever subject came under 
his discussion. Ancient literature was ever one of his 
favourite topics, and he conversed on it without evincing 
the slightest symptom of affectation or pedantry. In 
delineating Mr. Orme's intellectual character, it may 
be pronounced, that the principal features in it were an 
excellent understanding, good sense, innate sagacity, and 
sound judgment. These qualities were assisted in their 
exercise by the force of an active spirit, the researches of 
a solicitous curiosity, and the direction of a well cultivated 
taste. To a mind thus constituted, it was no difficult 
task to combine and adjust multifarious circumstances in 
a lucid and apposite arrangement, and to narrate them 
with that precision, and that comprehensive pointedncss 
which so strongly distinguish the writings of Mr. Orme. 
Few historians have connected the events of their story 
with more perspicuity, or described them with more con- 
ciseness. If his narrative appear sometimes minute, it is 
never unreasonably tedious, never redundant. 

Every incident is so distinctly stated, and placed in 



ROBERT ORME, ESQ. 283 

so perspicuous a point of view, every new nation, or 
individual is introduced on the stage of action, with, so 
compendious an explanation, all his general remarks and 
observations arise from the facts with so much ease and 
natural propriety, and are in themselves so just, con- 
vincing, and conclusive, and the style throughout so 
replete with terseness and general simplicity, that every 
reader of discernment and penetration must feel a lively 
interest in perusing his history. It is not, indeed, illu- 
mined with philosophical views of society, national man- 
ners, civil institutions, the polite arts, or a wide spread of 
commerce, nor is it decorated with any delicate delineation 
of character ; but, it is nevertheless, a work of extra- 
ordinary merit, and must ever continue to hold a high 
rank in the class of historical compositions. 

Mr. Orme possessed a correct taste for the arts of 
painting and sculpture ; an admirable picture formerly in 
his possession, representing the dreadful Storm of Pondi- 
cherry, which happened during Colonel Coote's blockade 
of that fortress in the year 1761, and which is pathetically 
described by our author in the second volume of his 
history, was principally designed by himself, acting, how- 
ever, in concert with the celebrated Athenian Stewart. 
This was painted by Wilkins, from a small sketch made 
on the spot by Major Rennell, and it has ever been con- 
sidered by artists as a truly excellent production. It is 
well known that Sir Joshua Reynolds condescended occa- 
sionally to receive hints from Mr. Orme, on the subject of 
some of his most beautiful and delicate touches, both in 
figures and drapery. For many years after the establish- 
ment of the Royal Academy, Mr. Orme never failed to be 
a regular attendant at the exhibitions ; and was frequently 
heard to express a high sense of gratified feelings, on con- 
templating the gradual progress of the fine arts in England. 

Mr. Orme was also an excellent judge of music, to 
which he was very much attached ; this led him to fre- 
quent the Opera, where he more especially admired the 
most sublime compositions of the immortal Handel. 

That he was also a poet, hand crassa Minerva, not 



2U 



HISTORY OF EALING. 



destitute of some genius and talent, the following specimen 
sufficiently attests. It was set to music, and was justly and 
greatly admired on its first appearance and introduction 
to the public : — 

ADDRESS TO THE MOON. 

Written on the Terrace, at Madras, in the year 1757. 

Stay, silver moon, nor hasten down the skies, 

I seek the how'r where lovely Chloe lies. 

No midnight felon asks thy trembling ray 

To guide his footsteps to the dang'rous prey. 

No murderer, lurking for his hated foe, 

Asks thy pale light to guide the vengeful blow 

The breast with love possest, no furies move ; 

No vi'lence arms the gentle hand of love. 

I meditate no theft ; the willing fair 

Shall yield her beauties to my well-fraught prayer. 

Stay, silver moon, nor hasten down the skies, 

I seek the bow'r where lovely Chloe lies. 

The following letter from the learned Sir William Jones, 
expressive of his high opinion of Mr. Orme's talents as 
an historitan, must have been truly gratifying and satis- 
factory : — 

To Robert Orme, Esq. — " It is impossible for me to 
describe the delight and admiration I have felt from the 
perusal of your History of the War in India. The plans, 
circumstances, and events of it, are so clearly described 
by you, that I felt an interest in them rather as an actor 
than a reader. I was particularly pleased with your deli- 
neation of the lives and characters of those who had 
distinguished themselves by their actions or wisdom ; nor 
was I less delighted with the elegance of your topogra- 
phical descriptions : that of the Ganges particularly pleased 
me — it is absolutely a picture. I have remarked, that the 
more polished historians of all ages, as well as the poets, 
have been fond of displaying their talents in describing 
rivers. Thus Thucydides describes the Achelous, and 
Xenophon the Teleboas, and both admirably, though in 
a different manner ; the latter with his usual brevity and 



ROBERT ORME, ESQ. 235 

elegance, the former with a degree of roughness and magni- 
ficence not common to him. With respect to your style, 
if elegance consist in the choice and collocation of words, 
you have a most indubitable title to it ; for you have, on 
all occasions, selected the most appropriate expressions, 
and have given to them the most beautiful arrangement : 
this is almost the greatest praise which a composition can 
claim. The publication of the second part of your history, 
which has been so long and so earnestly looked for, will 
be highly acceptable to those whose opinions you respect ; 
and I need not say, that will add to your reputation. 
Indeed it is not just that the Coromandel coast only should 
receive the ornament of your pen, to the neglect of Bengal, 
which an Indian monarch pronounced the delight of the 
world." 

It should be observed in passing, that Mr. Orme was 
peculiarly felicitous in the composition of monumental 
inscriptions, of which he wrote a great number for his 
friends at different periods, and on various occasions. 
At the time of his death he held the office of historio- 
grapher to the East India company. The successful studies 
and commendable industry of a few gentlemen in the most 
difficult and abstruse parts of Oriental literature, and 
particularly in acquiring a knowledge of the Sanscrit 
language ; the establishment of an Oriental library and 
museum at the India house; the formation of the Asiatic 
Society at Calcutta, with a view to promote researches of 
every kind into the history, languages, and antiquities of 
eastern nations ; and finally, the institution of a college in 
this country, as likewise of another at Calcutta, for the 
instruction of cadets, intended for the civil service of the 
East India company abroad, promise and prognosticate 
the most important and incalculable services, not only to 
the British nation, but to the whole civilized world. 

Although Mr. Orme was not profoundly versed in the 
Oriental tongues, yet the influence of his active spirit, 
keen enquiry, and sagacious observation, had no small 

* Sir W. Jones's Letters, vol. i. p. 72. London, 1821= 



2S6 HISTORY OF EALING. 

share in projecting and recommending establishments preg- 
nant with such singular benefits to this country and to 
mankind.* In conclusion, it may be truly said that never 
had liberal and honourable masters a more zealous, faithful, 
and disinterested servant ; and never had the country, and 
the public at large, a more firm, ardent, and sincere friend, 
than the late ingenious, learned, candid, and amiable 
Robert Orme. 

Manor of Coldshawe. — The manor of Coldshawe, or 
Coldhall, belonged, in the early part of the seventeenth 
century, to Gideon Aunsham, Esq. ; in the year 1667, it 
was alienated by Jane, wife of Henry Mildmay, Esq., 
and Margaret Aunsham, sisters and co-heirs of Robert 
Aunsham, Esq. to William Denington, Esq. who dying 
intestate in 1686, his estates were divided between his 
three sisters. It seems probable that this manor fell to 
the share of Anne, wife of Thomas Watts, who had the 
manor of Coldshawe, in 1690; and Richard Watts died 
seized of a freehold estate at Ealing, in 1710. In 1728, 
Charles Lockyer paid a fine of alienation to the Bishop of 
London, for having purchased the manor of Coldshawe of 
John Loving, Esq. 

It is now the property of Henry Burgoyne Sharp, Esq. 
of Hammersmith, who married one of the Lockyer family. 

The Manor House, now called Goodenough-house, is 
occupied by Mr. Gilbert, as a school for young gentlemen. 

In the year 1776 these premises were occupied by the 
celebrated and unfortunate Dr. Dodd, as a boarding school 
for young gentlemen ; and in the beginning of the month 
of February, in the following year, he was here taken 
prisoner, and carried to Newgate, for the crime of forgery. 
Perhaps no similar circumstance in modern times has ex- 
cited so much of the public sympathy. 

On Saturday, Feb. 22, soon after two o'clock, Dr. Dodd 
was brought to the bar of the Old Bailey, led in by the 
Rev. Mr. Butler ; the indictment being read, Lord Ches- 

* Life prefixed to Fragments. 



GOODENOUGH HOUSE. 287 

terfield was the first person examined, and said, that 
neither the signature to the bond, nor the receipt for the 
money, were of his signing. 

Mr. Manley gave a substantial detail of the whole trans- 
action, from the time the bond came into his hands, to the 
time of the commitment of the prisoner. 

He said that he went to Dr. Dodd's house, and that on 
seeing the Doctor he told him his business, and asked 
him how he could be guilty of such an act; that the 
Doctor seemed much shocked ; and, as soon as he could 
recover himself, said, that urgent necessity was the cause. 
Mr. Nield, treasurer to the society for the relief of small 
debts, was next called, who swore that the signatures both 
in the bond and receipt were the hand-writing of the 
prisoner ; he said he was quite positive, by being so long 
acquainted with Dr. Dodd's writing, and having so often 
seen him write. No witnesses being produced in favour 
of the Doctor, he was called upon for his defence. He 
said he was fully sensible of the heniousness of the crime 
of forgery ; but he called God to witness that he meant no 
injury to any one ; and that he should have been able to 
reinstate the money in a few months ; that this was a 
most cruel prosecution, as Mr. Manley had given him 
hopes, if he made restitution, that no further notice would 
be taken ; that he considered a person committed as prin- 
cipal, and being admitted evidence against him, an entire 
new case, and therefore affected him the more ; that life to 
him, after being exposed to shame, was of no value, he would 
willingly resign it ; but he had a wife, with whom he had 
lived seven and twenty years in the most perfect conjugal 
felicity, for he felt, his creditors must likewise, he said 
be sufferers, should he now suffer ; and as restitution had 
been made, he hoped the court and jury would consider all 
these circumstances, and acquit him. Mr. Baron Perryn 
summed up the evidence very fully, and then the jury 
went out, and after staying about twenty minutes, brought 
in their verdict of guilty. The jury afterwards drew up 
a memorial in recommendation of the Doctor to His 
Majesty for the royal mercy, and presented it to the court. 



HISTORY OF EALING. 

The sheriffs, on the 12th of June, attended by the city 
remembrancer, presented to His Majesty the petition from 
the city of London, in favour of Dr. Dodd, another peti- 
tion, from the Magdalen charity, was presented to the 
Queen, as was one from Mrs. Dodd, delivered by herself. 
Another petition was afterwards presented by Lord Percy, 
signed by upwards of twenty thousand of the inhabitants 
of Westminster. 

Dr. Dodd was carried, on the 27th day of June, in a 
mourning coach, attended by the Rev. W. Willette, the 
ordinary of Newgate, and the Rev. Mr. Dobey, from 
Newgate to the place of execution. The rev. gentlemen 
got out of the carriage, and went with Dr. Dodd into the 
cart, where they prayed by him ; and after some further 
time spent in prayer, by himself, he took an affectionate 
leave of the above clergymen ; he then put on a cap, and 
pulled it over his eyes, and, with the other convict, was 
turned off. The time the Doctor was in the cart was 
about half an hour. He behaved throughout the whole 
with great fortitude. 

He was born in 1729, at Bourne, in Lincolnshire, of 
which parish his father was vicar ; after receiving a gram- 
matical education, he was entered as a sizer at Clare Hall, 
Cambridge, where, in 1750, he took the degree of B.A. 
The following year he married a lady of many accomplish- 
ments, but very little fortune. In 1753 he was admitted 
into orders, and repaired to London, where his eloquence 
and impressive oratory in the pulpit rapidly rendered him 
one of the most admired and popular preachers of the day. 
He successively obtained several lectureships, and pub- 
lished several sermons, which met with a very favourable 
reception. 

Rendered vain by the attentions paid to him, which 
very much resembled those excited by a favourite actor, 
although his income was handsome, his expences far 
exceeded it, and the very considerable sums which he 
received as author, proved altogether inadequate to ex- 
pences to which an opulent private fortune would alone 
have been adequate. He took an active part in the insti- 



EALING HOUSE. 239 

tution of the Magdalen Hospital. For Kis services in this 
situation he received a handsome annual stipend, and in 
1762, Dr. Squires, bishop of St. David's, who had pre- 
viously made him his chaplain, collated him to the prebend 
of Brecon. By the friendship of the same prelate, the 
celebrated earl of Chesterfield appointed him tutor to his 
godson. In the following year he was made one of the 
king's chaplains, and in 1766, took the degree of LL.D. 
His extravagance, however, was such, that he was involved 
in debts, which he could not discharge, and in 1774, he 
had recourse to a miserable expedient to procure the rich 
living of St. George's, Hanover Square, by means of an 
anonymous application to the Lord Chancellor's lady, to 
whom an offer of three thousand pounds was made for her 
interest to procure the living. The letter being traced to 
its author, he was ignominiously struck out of the list of 
royal chaplains. He now deemed it prudent to retire to 
Geneva, where his pupil then was, who received him 
with kindness, and procured for him the living of Winge, 
in Buckinghamshire. His embarrassment, however, 
continued as great as ever, and at length they tempted 
him to the crime of forgery which brought him to an 
untimely death.* He published abridgements of Grotius 
on " Peace and War," and Locke on the " Human Under- 
standing," various Sermons, " Reflections on Death," a 
" Commentary on the Bible," the " Visitor, 2 vols. 12mo. 
and many other works which it is not necessary to detail. 
In his " Prison Toughts" published after his death, he 
was assisted by Dr. Johnson. 

Ealing House, once the property and residence of 
Colonel Douglas, belonged to the family of Bonfoy, in the 
year 1691 ; in 1715 to Sir James Montague, Baron of the 
Exchequer, and afterwards successively to Sir Thomas 
Grey, Knight, 1724; Nathaniel Oldham, Esq. 1728; 
Slingsby Bethele, Esq. 1748 ; General John Huske, Wil- 
liam Adair, Esq. Edward Payne, Esq. and the late Earl 
of Galloway. 

* Life prefixed to Prison Thoughts. 



240 



HISTORY OF EALIXG. 



Here resided William Melmoth, son of the author of 
a pious and well known work entitled, " The great 
Importance of a Religious Life," who was born in 1710. 
He received a liberal education, but does not appear 
to have studied at either of the Universities. He was 
bred to the law, and in 1756, received the appointment 
of commissioner of bankrupts, but passed the chief part 
of his life in retirement at Ealing, He first appeared 
as a writer about 1742, in a volume of letters under 
the name of Fitzosborne, which have been much admired 
for the elegance of their stile, and their calm and 
liberal, if not profound remarks on various topics, 
moral and literary. In 1747, he followed this pro- 
duction with a translation of the " Letters of Pliny the 
Younger," which has been regarded as one of the happiest 
versions of a latin author in the English language, although 
somewhat enfeebled by a desire to obliterate every trace 
of a latin style. He was also the translator of Cicero's 
treatises, " De Amicitia" and " De Senectute." His last 
work was Memoirs of his Father, under the title of 
" Memoirs of a late eminent advocate, and member of the 
honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn." In 1754, he accepted 
the office of joint treasurer of the Ealing charity school. 
In 1755, he took the office solely upon himself, which he 
continued to hold till the year 1760, when he resigned.* 
He died in 1799, aged eighty-nine. f 

These premises are now occupied by Ealing Grove 
School, under the patronage of Lady Noel Byron, which 
was established in 1833, and now consists of fifty boarders, 
and thirty day scholars. The boys work in the garden 
about three hours in the day — two of which are for the 
school, the other for the cultivation of their own ground, 
the produce of which they dispose of on their own account. 
The course of in-door instruction includes Reading, 
"Writing, Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geography, 
Scriptural and General History, and the Elements of 
Geometry. Lessons in Drawing and Singing are also 

* See Vestry Miuutes, April 20, 1700. + Gentleman's Mag. 1799. 



ELM GROTE 241 

given, and occasional Lectures on Elementary Chemistry. 
No boys are admitted under nine years of age, unless for 
very special reasons. The formation of a class of useful 
village schoolmasters being one main object for which the 
school was appointed, every assistance is afforded to boys 
who show a decided turn for teaching. 

The boarders pay fifteen pounds per annum, paid in 
advance, in quarterly payments, and the day boys pay 
sixpence per week. 

Head Master, — Mr. Charles Nelson Atlee. 

Elm Grove, formerly called Hickes-upon-the-Heath, 
is detached from the village, and situated on the edge of 
Ealing Common. 

This house was, in the latter part of the seventeeth cen- 
tury, the property and residence of Sir William Trumbull, 
the early friend of Pope, and afterwards secretary of state 
to King William. 

Sir William Trumbull, an English statesman, was born 
at East Hempstead, in Berkshire, in 1636. He studied 
at Oxford, and having taken the degree of Batchelor of 
Laws in 1659, he travelled into France and Italy. On his 
return home he finished his legal studies, and became 
a barrister in the Court of Chancery. 

In 1682, he obtained the office of Clerk of the Signet, 
and after having occupied various posts, diplomatic and 
political, he was at length made secretary of state. He 
resigned this office after holding it two years, in 1697, and 
retired to his estate at East Hempstead, where he died, 
December 14, 1716. Burnet describes him as an able 
civilian, and a most virtuous man; but he is chiefly known 
as the friend of Pope, who wrote his epitaph, and has 
preserved some of his letters.* 

A pleasing form, a firm, yet cautious mind ; 
Sincere, though prudent; constant, yet resign'd, 
Honour unchang'd, a principle profest, 
Fix'd to one side, but mod'rate to the rest, 

* Biog. Univ. 
R 



242 HISTORY or ealing. 

An honest courtier, yet a patriot too ; 

Just to his prince, and to his country true ; 

Fill'd with the sense of age, the fire of youth, 

A scorn of wrangling, yet a zeal for truth, 

A gen'rous faith, from superstition free, 

A love to peace, and hate of tyranny ; 

Such this man was, who now, from earth remov'd, 

At length enjoys that liberty he lov'd. 

At subsequent periods it was possessed by Charles 
Hedges, LL.D. secretary to Queen Anne, and Dr. John 
Egerton, bishop of Durham. 

The premises were enlarged and improved by Frederick 
Barnard, Esq. and the late lord Kinnard afterwards resided 
here. Of the heirs of this nobleman the estate was pur- 
chased by the late Right Hon. Spencer Perceval, Chancellor 
of the Exchequer. Many improvements were bestowed 
on the house and grounds of Elm Grove, by the lamented 
hand of their late possessor, and the building now consti- 
tutes a commodious family residence of a plain but desirable 
character. The most pleasing front is on the garden side, 
towards the south, and in this portion of the building are 
introduced some few simple and judicious embellishments. 

The grounds contain about thirty-six acres, ten of which 
are in the pleasure grounds, and the remainder used as 
meadow or pasture, but each division is rendered orna- 
mental by the good taste with which it is disposed. A 
broad walk, edged with a thick plantation of shrubs leads 
round the chief part of the premises. 

It is with the deepest regret that we sully our pages by 
recording one of those atrocious events, which to the 
honour of the British nation, rarely occur, and which 
deprived the country of the services of the right honour- 
able Spencer Perceval, chancellor of the exchequer, and 
prime minister of England, a man, who, in his personal 
intercourse, gave offence to none — in his private life was 
an example to all, and who, however firm and unbending 
in his principles, yet conducted political conflicts in a way 
that seemed to disarm them of their characteristic bitter- 
ness. About a quarter past five on the 11th of May, 
1812, as Mr. Perceval was entering the lobby of the 



RIGHT HON. SPENCER PERCEVAL. 24:3 

House of Commons, a man who had a short time pre- 
viously placed himself in the recess of the door-way 
within the lobby, drew out a small pistol, and shot him in 
the lower part of the left breast. The ball is supposed to 
have entered his heart. Mr. Perceval moved forward a 
few faultering steps, nearly half way up the lobby, and 
was in the act of falling, when some persons stepped for- 
ward and caught him. He was immediately carried to the 
room of the speaker's secretary. Mr. Lynn the surgeon 
of Parliament-street was immediately sent for, but on 
examining the wound, he considered the case hopeless. 
All that escaped Mr. Perceval's lips previously to falling 
in the lobby was " murder, or murdered." He expired 
in about ten minutes. A person passing by seized the 
pistol from the hand of the assassin, who surrendered it 
without any resistance. An officer took hold of him, and 
asked if he were the villain who shot the minister. He 
replied, " I am the unhappy man," but appeared quite 
undisturbed. On searching him some printed papers 
were found, copies of which he had previously distributed 
among members. He was taken to the bar of the House 
of Commons and identified as the assassin. Another 
pistol was taken from his pocket ; he was conveyed to the 
prison over the committee rooms, where he underwent an 
examination before several magistrates, and was fully 
committed for trial. He was afterwards conveyed to 
Newgate. 

His name was Bcllingham, and he had been engaged in 
mercantile concerns at Liverpool. During most part of the 
proceedings he preserved an air perfectly calm, and seemed 
under no sort of agitation, but had deliberately and fully 
made up his mind to the atrocious act ; this wretched man 
was a native of St. Neot's, in Huntingdonshire, and aged 
forty-two years. He was brought up in a counting house 
in London, and then went to Archangel, where he lived 
with a Russian merchant, in whose employment as clerk, 
he continued three years. Having formed a connection 
with a merchant in the timber line, he returned to England 

r2 



241 



HISTORY OF EALIX 



and entered into considerable mercantile engagements. 
His friend having become bankrupt he was thrown into 
prison by the merchants, and upon recovering his liberty 
he proceeded again to Archangel where he became re-in- 
volved in yet more numerous difficulties, and he claimed 
in vain the assistance of the British minister, who would 
render him no assistance, but the term of his confine- 
ment having expired, he returned to England full of 
complaints against the Russian government. He subse- 
quently continued to present memorials to the ministry 
on the subject of his claims, but these were concerns with 
which our government would not interfere. 

For the last few weeks he had been in attendance about 
the House of Commons, and had addressed to several 
members a printed statement of his grievances, requesting 
their interference, and on his last application he received 
a repulsive answer, which it is supposed, confirmed him 
in his dark and fatal purpose. 

Bellingham was brought to his trial ; the courts being- 
sitting, on the 15th, there being no difficulty in proving 
the fact, he was without hesitation brought in guilty. 
There was a slight attempt to prove him insane, but except 
his persuasion that what he had committed was perfectly 
justifiable, and an apparent expectation that the fact would 
be so considered on his trial, no other marks of an alienated 
mind could be adduced. In delivering his defence, his 
manner was warm but unimpassioned, his delivery fluent, 
and though he was occasionally much affected, and wept, 
he betrayed no embarrassment. Upon receiving the final 
sentence of the court, he appeared deeply sensible of his 
dreadful situation. His execution took place on the 18th, 
before Newgate. He prepared for his fate with great 
composure by the several religious exercises, and during 
the whole scene manifested an extraordinary degree of 
firmness and self-possession. He denied that he had any 
accomplices in the deed, (as, indeed, there could be no 
suspicions of this kind,) and persisted to the very last in 
refusing to express any contrition for his crime. His 



RIGHT HON. SPENCER PERCEVAL. 24:0 

behaviour on the whole was such as apparently to render 
him in his last moments, rather an object of interest than 
of detestation. 

The right honourable Spencer Perceval, Chancellor of 
the Exchequer, whose melancholy fate has just been 
recorded, was the second son of the late Earl of Egmont, 
of the kingdom of Ireland, and Baron Lovel and Holland 
in England, by Catherine Compton, sister to Lord Nor- 
thampton, and was born at his father's house in Audley- 
square, November 1, 1762. He was named after his uncle 
Spencer, the eighth earl of Northampton, and as his 
father enjoyed the friendship of Lord Bute, the premier, 
during whose administration he presided at the admiralty, 
his lordship doubtless entertained well founded hopes 
that his sons might aspire to the highest offices of the 
state. He died, however, when he of whom we now treat, 
was only eight years of age ; and, consequently, at a period 
when instead of beino- included in the " Lives and Cha- 

o 

racters of eminent men in England," a work in which his 
father was actually engaged at the time of his demise, 
young Spencer was probably reading the " Histories of 
the illustrious men of Greece and Rome." 

He was brought up at Charlton in Kent, and at a 
proper time was removed to Harrow school, whence he 
repaired to Trinity College, Cambridge. Here he obtained 
the degree of M.A. which shortened his road to the bar, 
and was entered of Lincoln's Inn. He commenced his 
career by accompanying the judges through the Midland 
circuit, and was soon considered as a rising man, for he 
Avas appointed counsel to the admiralty, and in 1799, he 
obtained a silk gown. His own university paid him a high 
compliment, by nominating him as one of its two counsel.* 

From this period his professional preferments were 
rapid; in 1801, he became attorney-general, which office 
he held till Mr. Fox and Lord Grenville came into power 
in 1806. In 1790, Mr. Perceval married Miss Jane 
Wilson, the youngest daughter of Sir Thomas Spencer 
Wilson, of Charlton, in the county of Kent. 

* Gent. Mag. 



246 HISTORY OF EALING. 

Meanwhile, being partly propelled by his own ambition, 
and partly by the spirit of his original destination, he 
determined on a public parliamentary life. At length an 
event occurred in consequence of which he had an oppor- 
tunity of entering the political arena, and exhibiting his 
powers in St. Stephen's chapel ; for on the demise of his 
maternal uncle April 7, 1796, a vacancy for the repre- 
sentation of the borough of Northampton took place, as 
his first cousin, Lord Compton, by succeeding to the 
earldom, vacated his seat. The Earl of Northampton suc- 
ceeded his father as recorder, while his friend and relative 
Mr. Perceval, who had been nominated deputy recorder, 
was also returned one of the members. Mr. Perceval 
rose in the House of Commons for the first time on June 2, 
1797, at a very critical period, for the express purpose 
of supporting Mr. Pitt, who in consequence of the com- 
motions at the Nore, had brought in a bill " for the better 
Prevention and Punishment of all traiterous attempts to 
excite Sedition and Mutiny in his Majesties Service." On 
this occasion he suggested a mode for avoiding delay, by 
denominating the offence felony; he also proposed that 
there should be a discretionary power, either of transpor- 
tation or imprisonment. On the 4 th of January, 1807, he 
supported, in an able speech, the " Assessed Tax Bill," he 
was well attended to by the House and was followed by 
Mr. Sheridan who observed, " that this was a speech of 
great talent and ingenuity." From this period Mr. Perceval 
appears to have paid a particular attention to matters of 
finance. Soon after this he attained the first grand step 
in his profession, having been appointed solicitor-general 
at the age of thirty -nine. He became afterwards attorney- 
general. In 1807, he was appointed chancellor of the 
exchequei and first commissioner of the treasury, which 
offices it is well known constitute the premiership, and he 
then took the lead in the House of Commons, and was 
considered as not only the titular, but the efficient minister 
of the government. As a man of business Mr. Perceval 
was affable, quick, and ready, either at starting or answering 
objections. As an orator, he was fluent, perspicuous, and 



LITTLE EALING. 247 

conclusive, though without possessing the good naturecl 
humour of his predecessor, Lord North ; the argumentative 
decision of his rival, Charles Fox; or the bold and com- 
manding eloquence of his friend and predecessor, William 
Pitt; yet he found means to engage, to wield, and to 
convince the House of Commons. 

While a young man at the bar, he is said to have spoken 
of all those who differed with him in politics, with a cer- 
tain degree of asperity ; but a more mature age dulcified 
his expressions, and convinced him that power is not to be 
retained by the same means by which it was acquired. 

Ealing Grove was in 1722, the property of the Earl 
of Rochford, who was admitted to it in right of his wife 
Bessy, daughter of Richard Earl Rivers ; it afterwards 
belonged to Dr. Peters, whose widow brought it in mar- 
riage to Captain, (afterwards Sir Edward) Hughes. In 
in 1755 it was purchased by Joseph Gulston, Esq. well 
known for his valuable collection of prints. It passed suc- 
cessively through the hands of the Duke of Marlborough 
and Argyle. 

Ealing Grove now forms the site of Lady Byron's school. 

Little Ealing is a pleasant village half a mile on the 
westward road, and contains several capital mansions. 

Ealing Park was successively the property of J.Loving,* 
Esq., Sir Richard Ellis, Sir Francis Dashwood, Sir Richard 
Littleton, Earl Brooke, Lord Robert Manners, and Cuth- 
bert Fisher, Esq., and his widow. 

It is now the property of W. Lawrence, Esq. and 
under the care and constant superintendence of Mrs. 
Lawrence, it has become one of the most beautiful spots 
near London. The park is agreeably diversified by wood 
and water, and the collection of exotics is one of the most 
extensive and diversified description. 

Dr. William King was born at Stepney in 1685, and 
received his education at Baliol College, Oxford, where 
he proceeded LL.D. in 1715. He was made secretary to 

* See his Epitaph, p. 109. 



£48 HISTORY OF EALING. 

the Duke of Ormond, and afterwards to the Earl of Arran, 
successive chancellors of the University, and he subse- 
quently became principal of St. Mary's Hall, and public 
orator. 

Dr. King was celebrated for the elegance of his compo- 
sitions, particularly an oration spoken at the opening of 
the Ratcliffe Library in 1749. He published some of his 
speeches, and a few Latin poems, and was editor of the 
five last volumes of South's Sermons. 

He wrote an amusing autobiographical work, containing 
anecdotes of his contemporaries, which made its appea- 
rance some years since in an octavo volume.* 

He resided many years in a capital messuage called 
Newby, near the church, which he surrendered to Charles 
Gould, Esq. 

General Dumouriez resided several years previous to 
his death at Little Ealing, in the house now occupied by 
Mrs. Robinson as a Ladies' Boarding School. 

The career of this officer was short, but it must be 
allowed to have been splendid ; at one critical period he 
fixed the destinies of France, at another he nearly over- 
turned the labours of his own genius. He was born at 
Cambray in 1739 ; his father became his instructor, and 
was at uncommon pains relative to his education. After 
serving for some time as a volunteer he procured a com- 
mission. Soon after this he obtained the rank of captain 
of horse, but at the peace of 1763, he was dismissed. But 
in 1768 he was sent to Corsica, and in 1770 he was ordered 
into Poland. Being of an active and enterprising dispo- 
sition, he turned his thoughts during the American war, 
to an invasion of Great Britain, and actually planned a 
descent on the Isle of. Wight in 1778. On the breaking 
out of the revolution he joined the patriots, and after a short 
administration as minister for foreign affairs, at the head 
of the war department, he was obliged to resign. Dumou- 
riez was afterwards with the command of the army destined 
to save his native country. The famous battle of Jemappe 
was the first decisive victory gained by France ; but his 

* Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes. 



LITTLE EALING. 249 

subsequent exploits were less brilliant ; and he ultimately 
emigrated from France. However, with all his errors, and 
all his faults, posterity will probably consider Dumouricz 
as a great, man. 

But all that this able and ambitious man saved in his 
retreat was merely his life, of which he spent some years 
afterAvards in Germany, concluding it in this parish in 
1822. He was a man of pleasing manners and lively con- 
versation, and was much respected by his neighbours, 
particularly by His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, 
who one day introduced him to a farmer in order to induce 
him to give up his family seat in the parish church to the 
general; but the farmer refused, by saying that he had 
not forgotten his former enmity to this country ; in reply 
to which, His Royal Highness said, that he had freely 
forgiven him. " You may forgive him," said the farmer, 
" but for my part I never will, nor shall he ever have my 
family pew." 

Thomas Pearce, Esq. of Little Ealing, who died in 
1752,* was the father of the learned Dr. Pearce, after- 
wards bishop of Rochester, who received the first rudi- 
ments of his education in a private school at Ealing, where 
his father resided after he had retired from business. 
After his father's death, the bishop occasionally inhabited 
the house, which he inherited from him, and was residing 
there when he was seized with the illness which occa- 
sioned his death, anno 1774. He was buried at Bromley. 
The bishop's children all died young, though his family 
were remarkable for their longevity, he himself died at 
the age of 84 ; his father was 85 ; his mother, who died 
in 1761, was 93; and his brother William Pearce, Esq. 
who died in 1782, was 90 years of age. 

Dr. John Owen, the most voluminous and the most 
temperate writer among the dissenters, was for many years 
an inhabitant of Ealing, where he died, August 24, 1683. 
He was elected member of parliament for the University 
of Oxford, though a divine, was made Dean of Christ 
+ See his Epitaph, page 200. 



250 



HISTORY OF EALING. 



Church by the independents, and in 1652, was vice-chan- 
cellor of the University. " While he did undergo that 
office," says Wood, " instead of being a grave example, he 
scorned all formality, undervalued his office by going in 
querpo like a young scholar, with powdered hair, snake 
bone band strings, with very large tassels, lawn band, a 
large set of ribbands, pointed at his knees, and Spanish 
leather boots, with large lawn tops, and his hat mostly 
cocked."* 

Ealing Dean is now divided into 147 allotments of 
land let out to poor persons, at rents producing an annual 
average of thirty-five pounds, which money has hitherto 
been expended in repairing the various alms-houses in 
the parish. 

Tokens. — On the 14th of May, 1613, King James's 
royal farthing tokens commenced by pro- 
clamation, they were not forced upon 
the people in the light of farthings, or 
established coin, but merely as pledges 
or tokens, for which the government were 
obliged to give other coin if required. 

In the reign of Elizabeth, there being 
no state farthings, it appears that no less 
than three thousand tradesmen, and others 
coined tokens, upon returning which to 
the issuer, current coin of the value was 
given. — In Great Ealing, James Lewis, 
his halfpenny. L. J. A. 1666. 

The Manor of Gunnersbury, called in the old 
records Gonyldesberry, or Gunyldesbury, is held under the 
bishop of London. It is not improbable that it was the 
residence of Gunyld, or Gunilda, niece to King Canute, 
who was banished from England in the year 1044. This 
manor, in the reign of Edward the Third, was held for 




Athcn. Oxoii. vol. ii. 



MANOR OF GUNNERSBURY. 251 

life by John Bray, under a grant of John Chepham,* who 
in 1365, (38th Edward the Third,) gave the reversion to 
Geoffry Schrop, and his heirs. In the forty-seventh year 
of the same king's reign, William Gresle, clerk, and 
others, granted the manor of Gonyldsberry, which had 
formerly belonged to John de Northwych, goldsmith, of 
London, to John Bernes, and others, as trustees, perhaps, 
for the celebrated Alice Perrers, or Peirce, whose property 
it appears to have been at the time of her banishment, 
when it was seized by the crown. In the year 1378, a 
survey was taken by order of the crown, when the jury 
returned the following account of the state of this manor, 
viz :f — " The jury say that the aforesaid Alice holdeth the 
manor of Gonyldesberg, with the appurtenances, in the 
parish of Yellyne, in the county of Middlesex, of the 
aforesaid bishop of London, in his court of Fulham afore- 
said, by fealty and suit of court as above, and the service 
of thirty-six shillings and eight-pence to be rendered at 
the four principal and usual terms of the year. They 
also say, that there is there a certain site of the aforesaid 
manor, with closes, and other buildings, and that it is 
worth nothing beyond reprises ; also, there is there one 
dove-house in ruins which is worth nothing beyond 

reprises, because they likewise say, that there are 

there 140 acres of arable land, and they are worth by the 
year by a reasonable extent, forty-six shillings and eight- 
pence, that is to say, four-pence the acre, whereof are 

sown with corn, thirty acres the vestura sixty-two 

shillings, that is to say, two shillings per acre and not 
more ; because many acres thereof are overflown, and arc 

* Jo fil de Cepham et Eliz. uxor ejus cone Galfrid Sclirop et hsered sui 
manor de Gonnesbury post mort Jo. Bray qui illud tenet ad vitam suam. — 
Abstract of Close Rolls, 38 Ed. III. 

W. de Gresle cliens et alii cone Jo. Bernes civis Loud. M. D. Gonyldbury 
et Palynswyck in Com. Mid. — Ibid, 47 Edw. III. 

Dame Margaret, Lady Sussex, sister to the Earl of Derby, died March 18, 
28 Hen. VIII. at Gunnersbury, and is buried in the parish church, a mile from 
the manor. — Fun. Certificate, Herald 's College. 

f Rot. Olaus. 47 Edw. III. m. 38. dors. — See Faulkner's Hist, of Hammer- 
smith, p. 371. 



252 HISTORY OF EALING. 

sown with wheat and rye. . . .the crop thereof forty-three 
shillings and six-pence, that is to say, eighteen-pence per 
acre, and not more, because they had been sown in rainy 
weather. They also say, that there are there four score 
acres of pasture, and they are worth thirteen shil- 
lings and four-pence, that is to say, two-pence per acre. 
Also, four acres of meadow, and they are worth yearly 
six shillings, that is, eighteen-pence the acre. Also, four 
acres of wood, and they are worth nothing, because they 
were cut during the last year, .with cattle. They also say, 
that there are at Braynford one messuage, and two acres 
of land, and they are worth yearly by reasonable extent 
beyond reprises, three shillings and four-pence. Also, 
at the foresaid manor of Gonyldesberg, seven shillings of 
rents of assises from divers tenants, at the four terms of 
the year.* 

She afterwards procured a remission of her sentence, 
and married Sir William Wyndesor, to whom this manor 
was granted, with other property, which she had enjoyed 
before her attainder. In the next century it belonged 
to Sir Thomas Fro wick, alderman of London, who 
died in 1485, and was buried at Ealing. His second 

* Item dicunt quod prsedicta Alicia tenet manerium de'Gunnyldesberg cum 
pertinentiis in parochia de Yellynue in comitatu . . . . de praedicto episcopo 
London' curiae suae de Fulliam praedicta per fidelitatem et sectam curiae ut 
supra et per servitium xxxvjs, viijd. reddendorum ad quatuor termiuos anni 
principales et usuales. Item dicunt quod est ibidem quidam scitus — praedicti 
manerii cum clausis et aliis edificiis et nihil valet ultra reprisas. Item est 
ibidem unum columbare ruinosum et nibil valet ultra reprisas quia. . . .Simi- 
liter dicunt quod sunt ibidem cxl. acrse terras arrabilis et valent per aimuni per 
extentam rationabilem xlvj*- viijd videlicet acra iiijd. de quibus seminantur 

cum frumento xxx vestura lxijs. videlicet acra ij 3 - et non plus quia plu- 

rimae acrae inde emerguntur per cretevam aquae. Et seminantur hide cum 
siligine et mistel .... vestura inde xliijs vjd. videlicet acrae xviijd. et non 
plus quia tempore pluvioso seminatae fuerunt. Item dicunt quod sunt ibidem 
quatuor viginti acras pasturae et valent .... xiijs iiij d - videlicet acra ijd 
Item iiij. acrae prati et valent per annum vj s videlicet acra xviijd- Item 
iiij. acrae bosci et nibil valent quia prostratae fuerunt penultimo . . . . cum 
bestiis. Item dicunt quod sunt apud Braynford' unum messuagium et ij acrse 
terras ct valent per annum per rationabilem extentam ultra reprisas iij«- iiijd. 
Item. . . .ad praedictum manerium de Guunyldesberg xxvij s < de rcddita assisa? 
de diversis tenentibus per annum ad quatuor tcrminos. 



MANOR OF GTJNNERSBt'RY. 253 

son,* Sir Thomas Frowick (born at> Gunnersbury), was a 
very eminent lawyer, and became Lord Chief Justice of 
the Common Pleas. He settled at Finchley. His elder 
brother, Sir Henry, inherited Gunnersbury, which appears 
to have descended to his daughter and co-heir Elizabeth, 
who married Sir John Spelman, one of the Judges of the 
King's Bench, grandfather of Sir Henry, the celebrated 
antiquary, and ancestor of Sir Clement Spelman, who 
died siezed of the manor of Gunnersbury, in 1607. 

It appears that during this time it was chiefly in the 
occupation of tenants. Margaret, sister of William, Earl 
of Derby, and wife of Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, 
died at Gunnersbury, in 1537, and was buried in the 
parish church of Ealing. In Norden's time, Gunnersbury 
was " well scytuate," as he describes it, " for wood, ayre, 
and water," was inhabited by the Corbets, to whom indeed 
he seems to have supposed it belonged. It was afterwards 
the property of the celebrated Sergc?ait Maynard. 

The history of this eminent lawyer is perhaps as singular 
and eventful as any recorded in the annals of his pro- 
fession. He conducted the evidence against the Earl of 
Strafford, and Archbishop Laud ; sat as one of the lay 
members of the assembly of divines ; was called to the 
degree of sergeant during the protectorate of Oliver Crom- 
well ; and was protector's sergeant both to him and his 
successor. After the Restoration he was Knighted, and 
made King's sergeant, which situation he enjoyed also 
under James II. In 1680 he was appointed to manage 
the evidence against William Viscount Strafford. King 

* Sir Tliomas Frowick, Kniglit, was born at Ealing, son of Thomas 
Frowick, Esq. by bis wife, who was daughter and heir to Sir J. Sturgeon, 
Knight, giving his arms az. three sturgeons, or, under a fret gules. Bred 
in the study of our municipal law, wherein he attained such eminency, 
that he was made Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas on the 29th of 
September, in the 18th year of King Henry II. Four years he set in this 
place, accounted the oracle of the law in his age, though one of the youngest 
men that ever enjoyed that office. He is reported to have died (floridajuven- 
tute), before full forty years old, and lieth buried with Joan, his wife, in the 
church of Finchley. He left a large estate to his two daughters, the eldest of 
whom was married to Sir J. Spencer. — Fuller's Worthies, Middx. p. 187. 



£54 HISTORY OF EALING. 

William, not many months before his death, appointed 
him one of the lords commissioners of the great seal.* He 
arrived at the advanced age of 87, and had been a practi- 
tioner at the bar for more than sixty years. Sergeant 
Maynard was esteemed a very able advocate ; and has been 
called the best old book lawyer of his time. All parties 
seem to have been willing to employ him, and he seems 
to have been equally willing to be employed by all. He 
published some reports, held in considerable esteem, and 
several political tracts. Sergeant Maynard was thrice 
married. Elizabeth, his first wife, was buried at Ealing, 
in 1654-5 ; Jane, his second wife (daughter of Cheyney 
Selhurst, Esq.) was buried here in 1668. His last wife 
survived him many years, and died in 1721. The baptisms 
and burials of Sir John Maynard's family are to be found 
in the parish register. f 

After the death of Sir John, Maynard this house was 
for many years in the possession of his widow, who mar- 
ried Henry, Earl of Suffolk. The earl died at Gunners- 
bury, in 1709, his eldest son, who succeeded him in the 
title, died there in 1718,^ and the countess dowager, in 
1721. Gunnersbury then became the property of Sir John 
Hobart, who married Elizabeth, one of the nieces of Ser- 
geant Maynard, and was sold by him about the year 1740, 
(being then Lord Hobart,) to Henry Turner, Esq. who 
died in 1756. In 1761, Gunnersbury was purchased of 
his representatives for the late Princess Amelia, aunt of 
his late Majesty King George the Third, after whose 
death, pursuant to the directions in her will, it was put 
up for sale, and purchased anno 1788, by Colonel Iron- 
side, who sold it again in 1792, to Sir Walter Sterling, 
Bart., and Henry Crauford, Esq. 



* His bon mot in reply to an observation addressed to bim by William III. 
though well known, may be mentioned as expressive of bis cbaracter and 
sentiments. That Prince, in allusion to Sergeant Maynard's great, age, having 
remarked that be must have outlived almost all the lawyers of bis time, 
" Yes," replied Sir John, " and if your Highness had not come over to our 
assistance, I should have outlived — the law too." 

t Biog. Britun, * Collins's Peerage, vol ii t > L73 



MANOR OF GTTNNERSBURY. 255 

Mr. Morley, a floor cloth manufacturer, purchased the 
premises of the latter on speculation, in the year 1800 or 
1801, and pulled down the fine mansion which had been 
built in 1663, for Sergeant Maynard, by Webbe, a pupil 
of Inigo Jones, and had been for many years the summer 
residence of the Princess Amelia. The house was sold piece 
meal, and the land, containing seventy-six acres, was pur- 
chased by the late Alexander Copeland, Esq. who built a 
handsome house for his own residence on part of the site. 
But, before describing the present edifice it may be proper 
to notice the following account of the late capital mansion. 

" Gunnersbury House is situated between the two great 
roads, and stands on an eminence, the ground falling gra- 
dually from it to the Brentford road, so that from the 
portico in the back front of the house, you have a fine 
prospect of the county of Surrey, the river Thames, and 
the borders for some miles, and also in clear weather a 
good view of London. 

" This house was built by Mr. Webbe, who was son-in- 
law to Inigo Jones. 

" The apartments arc extremely convenient and well 
contrived. The hall is very large, with rows of columns 
on each side. From hence you ascend by a noble flight of 
stairs to a saloon, which is a double cube of twenty-five 
feet. From this room is the entry to the portico on the 
back front of the house which is supported by columns. It 
fronts the south-cast, and the sun shines on it no longer 
than two o'clock ; but extending its beams over the coun- 
try which opens to the view, renders the prospect very 
delightful."* 

The following description appeared in the public papers 
immediately previous to the sale by auction of the mansion 
and premises in 1787. 

" This magnificent edifice was constructed on a noble 
principle, replete with every convenience. In the prin- 
cipal story, a superb saloon occupied the centre, with an 
enriched dome, carved mouldings, embellished with gold, 
the chimney pieces were composed of various marbles, with 

* Tour through Great Britain, vol. ii. p. 102. Loncl 1753. 



%56 HISTORY OF EALING. 

terms and busts, and the floor with polished oak. From 
the saloon there was immediate access to a grand colon- 
nade, which occupied the grand south front. The grand 
staircase was of mahogany with gilt balustrades. The 
south or principal front contained a grand terrace walk, 
and a large sheet of water, and bounded on each side 
by noble pavilions." 

The present edifice which now adorns these premises 
is a handsome specimen of the Tuscan order. 

The south front is 126 feet long, and consists of a centre 
and wings ; the former is three stories high, and the latter 
two stories. 

The north front is of the same dimensions, but of more 
simple construction ; it is ornamented with a grand portico 
with four columns of the Tuscan order ; the whole front 
consisting of three stories. 

The east end is 60 feet wide, and is divided into two 
large and splendid bow windows, and is used as a con- 
servatory. 

The terrace at the front of the house is bordered by a 
dwarf wall and stone coping, and ornamented with vases. 
At the east end of this terrace is an alcove, in which is 
placed a statue of Apollo. 

The west end is bounded by an architectural archway, 
leading to the gardens. 

On the west is a handsome temple of the Tuscan order, 
supported by two pilasters and two columns. On the 
tympanum of the pediment is a shield with foliage- The 
interior is chastely arranged, and beautifully furnished, 
with Chinese vases, antique chairs, &c. and the walls 
are ornamented with bas reliefs, representing the most 
striking scenes taken from the history of Greece. 

From the south front of this temple is obtained an ex- 
tensive view of the surrounding country, including Kew 
Gardens, and the Surrey hills in the distance. This spot 
is the most elevated part of the grounds, as well as the 
most beautiful ; and is further ornamented with a circular 
piece of water, consisting of about two acres. This part 
of the gardens shows evident marks of the hands of Kent, 



MANOR OF GUXNERSBURY. %bi 

who was employed by Mr. Turner, for the purpose of 
embellishing the grounds and improving the landscape. 
A row of cedar trees here raise their majestic heads, and 
are greatly admired. 

The Italian garden, at the back of the temple, is em- 
bellished with eight figures in sand-stone, of Burns' " Jolly 
Beggars," admirably executed by Thorns ; they were 
brought from Scotland to London, for the purpose of exhi- 
bition, but the speculation proving a failure, they were 
put up for sale, and purchased by the present owner, 
for two hundred pounds. They are of the size of life, 
arranged on the grass, and exposed to the weather. 

The orangery, situated on the south-west of the mansion, 
is a chaste and elegant building, sixty feet long, with a 
projecting circular front and nine large windows, em- 
bellished with large Chinese vases. The orange trees are 
in fine condition, and of large growth. 

After the death of Mr. Copeland, this estate was pur- 
chashed by the Baron de Rothschild, and it is row the 
residence of his widow, the Baroness de Rothschild, and 
her family. 

The remaining portion of the park was purchased by 
Stephen Cosser, Esq. and after his death was sold, in 1807, 
to Major Alexander Morrison, who occupied it till his 
death in 1807. This distinguished officer entered the 
East India Company's service in 1780, and he retired 
Feb. 1, 1809.* In i833 the property was purchased of 
his widow, now the Dowager Countess of Carnwath, by 
Thomas Farmer, Esq. its present proprietor. . 

The house, as it now stands, was built by Major Mori- 
son : it is in the cottage stvle. The chief beauties of 
Gunnersbury are its fine forest trees, and the uninterrupted 
supply of water to the lake, fountain, &c. from a spring 
which rises in the premises. 

An interesting object is a stone archway, which was 
an ornament to the gardens when the Princess Amelia 
resided at Gunnersbury. 

* See his Epitaph in Ealing Church, p. 19o, 

S 



258 HISTORY OF EALING. 

Different tenures according to the public announcements 
in 1787, viz. — 



A. R. P. 

Freehold — Houses, Offices, Yards, and 

part of Gardens and Paddock 54 3 2-") 

Potter's Field 5 

Twenty Acres 17 31 

Pond Mead, including Pond 7 3 30 

Long Hay Bush 11 1 4 



91 1 l(i 



Leasehold — Gravel Field 4 2 17 

A Field lying next Brentford Field .... 4 3 14 

The Four Acres 4 1 21 

The Nine Acres 9 19 

The Eight Acres 9 3 38 



32 3 29 



Total Acre9 129 1 a 

The above leasehold part, containing thirty two acres, 
three roods, and twenty-nine perches, are now laid out into 
the paddock and gardens, and are held by lease from the 
representatives of Richard Long, Esq. for a term of 14 
years, from Michaelmas, 1784, renewable every 14 years, 
for the space of 99 years, to be computed from Michaelmas, 
1744, on paying a certain fine of £75, and a yearly rent 
of £57. lis. clear from land-tax and all other taxes. 

A quit rent of £2. Ss. a-year, is payable to the Bishop of 
London and his successors, out of some part of the freehold 
land. 

The ancient Manor House is a substantial building 
standing at the southern extremity of Bollar Brook Lane. 

The parish Alms-houses, situated on the Uxbridge-road, 
facing the Railway Station, were built in the year 1783. 



HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF KENT. £59 



CHAPTER IV. 

Ealing, north of the Uxbridge Road — Castlebar Hill — His Royal Highness 
the Duke of Kent — Manor of Pitt's Hanger — Thomas Edwards, Esq. — 
Fordhook — Henry Fielding, Esq. — Hanger Hill — Hanger Lane — Charles 
Dibdin — The Great Western Railway — The Grand Junction Water Works 
Company's Engine Houses and Works, erecting in 1845. 

On Castlebar Hill, distant from the village of Ealing 
nearly one mile, was the seat termed Castle-hill Lodge, 
belonging to His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent. 
This was for some time the property and residence of the 
late Henry Beaufoy, Esq. and was afterwards occupied by 
Mrs. Fitzherbert. 

Considerable improvements were effected by the Duke 
of Kent, and the house, though not of the first class of 
noble mansions, was sufficiently capacious for the accom- 
modation of a large establishment. The building was of 
rather low, but pleasing proportions. The chief front 
stood towards the north, and had in the centre a portico, 
with four Ionic columns, surmounted by a triangular 
pediment, the tympanum being vacant. The hill on which 
the structure was placed descends from the front with a 
gentle sweep, and a prospect of some extent is obtained 
over a tract of country which is of an agreeable, though 
not of an eminently picturesque character. 

The grounds comprise between thirty and forty acres, 
and are attractive from inequality of surface, but are 
deficient in wood and water. 

The Duke of Kent finally quitted these delighful pre- 
mises in 1812, and they remained in a neglected state for 
upwards of two years, when they were sold piecemeal by 
auction, and on the site a new mansion has been erected, 
which is now occupied by Captain Weatherall, the son of 
the late general."* 

* See his Epitaph, p. 202. 

s2 



260 HISTORY OF EALING 

Edward Augustus, the fourth son of his late Majesty 
George the Third, was born November 2, 1767. Until 
the age of seventeen, he remained in his native country, 
and his education was commenced under able instructors. 

But it being determined to give him a military educa- 
tion, Germany was selected for that purpose. Accordingly 
at an early period of his life His Royal Highness was 
sent to Lunenburg, a portion of the Hanoverian domi- 
nions. Hence he was removed to Hanover, the capital, 
and lodged in one of the palaces. Here he was compli- 
mented with the rank of colonel in the guards in 1786. 

Here he got acquainted with many young English 
noblemen of the same age as himself, and spent his time 
very agreeably. 

At length, when His Royal Highness had reached his 
twenty-third year, he was recalled to England, where, 
during the course of the former spring, he had attained 
the rank of colonel of the 70th foot. As Prince Edward 
had now reached a mature age, he of course expected a 
dukedom, and an establishment suitable to his rank in 
life. He also longed to remain in the bosom of his 
family, but at the end of ten days he was suddenly ordered 
to Gibraltar, and he immediately proceeded thither. 

There he rejoined his regiment, and in the summer of 
1791, sailed along with it to Quebec, but instead of being 
subjected to the rigour of a Canadian winter, he was 
devoted to experience the sickly heats of the torrid zone, 
for he was soon after ordered to join the troops under the 
command of General Sir Charles Grey, destined for the 
conquest of the French West India islands. This expe- 
dition proved completely fortunate, and His Royal High- 
ness there for the first time, drew his sword against the 
enemies of his country. 

Soon after his arrival at the place of his destination, 
his Royal Highness displayed his gallantry at the attack 
of Fort Royal, in Martinique, which out of compliment to 
him, was afterwards named Fort Edward, and by his sub- 
sequent bravery and good conduct, he obtained the praise 
and approbation of the Commander-in-Chief. Upon 



HIS KOYAL HIGHXESS THE DVKE OF KENT. 261 



was 



His Royal Highness's return to North America, he 
rewarded with the government of Nova Scotia, and with 
the rank of lieutenant-general ; but in consequence of the 
fall of his horse under him, it was deemed necessary that 
he should return to England: he was called to the 
House of Lords in 1799, by a patent creating him Duke 
of Kent, and also Earl of Dublin. 

In the course of a few weeks more he was appointed 
Commander-in-Chief of all the forces in British America, 
whither he immediately proceeded, and as the climate 
agreed with his health he wished to remain there. Here 
the conduct of the new Commander-in-Chief was such as to 
produce universal satisfaction. The people were pleased 
with his dignified, but easy manners, his uniform polite- 
ness, and kind and unremitting attention to all, while the 
assembly testified its entire approbation by the vote of five 
hundred guineas for the purchase of a diamond star. 

In consequence of a severe bilious attack, the Duke of 
Kent solicited and obtained leave to return to England, 
and he accordingly arrived here in 1800. A few days 
after this, he was nominated Colonel of the Royal Scots. 

Early in 1803, he obtained the government of Gibraltar, 
and proceeded thither in the spring. This proved the 
most inauspicious period in the life of His Royal High- 
ness, who being now possessed of the supreme command, 
determined to introduce all the rigour of the German 
tactics. But it was found utterly impossible for any body 
of men, particularly of soldiers, to imitate the abstemi- 
ousness, the regularity, and the austere habits of the new 
government. It is lamentable to relate that these new 
regulations were not attended with the salutary effects that 
might have been expected. On the contrary, a mutiny 
took place, December 24, 1803, in which it was said the 
governor's life was actually aimed at. The Duke of Kent 
was soon after recalled, and in 1805 received the baton of 
Field Marshal. From this moment he remained unem- 
ployed, and all his efforts to obtain a restoration to his 
government, or to obtain any command in the army, 
proved unavailing. But although the Duke of Kent was 



HISTORY OF EALING. 

now deprived of the exercise, not only of his official 
situation as governor of Gibraltar, but also of his profes- 
sional services, he did not relapse into indolence, or 
remain a useless member of society. On the contrary, 
although he declined all parliamentary intervention out 
of deference to others, yet he opened a noble career, by 
aiding, supporting, and patronizing most of the public 
charitable institutions of his native country. 

To some he gave his advice and assistance ; to others not- 
withstanding the state of his pecuniary affairs, he became 
a liberal subscriber ; to almost all he acted as chairman, 
and conducted himself with such great propriety, while 
he evinced such glowing eloquence on every occasion, 
that those institutions derived great benefit from his coun- 
tenance and protection.* 

If the best estimate of a governor is to be deduced from 
the voluntary good opinion, and disinterested gratitude of 
the governed, it must be owned, that no public character 
ever challenged a higher claim to respect, than that of the 
Duke of Kent. After his return to England, the inha- 
bitants, including the civil officers of the garrison of 
Gibraltar, transmitted a thousand guineas for the purchase 
of a piece of plate, and a diamond garter, to His Royal 
Highness. 

Regular, methodical, he could be accused of no vice ; 
active, vigilant, intrepid, he could be suspected of no 
dereliction of duty. 

Anxious for the improvement of the minds and morals 
of those subjected to his command, this distinguished 
officer was the first to exhibit a laudable example to the 
army, by the introduction of regimental schools, while, in 
imitation of his Royal Father, he had ever been eager to 
diffuse the blessings of education throughout all ranks of 
civil society. 

Highly gifted by nature both for business and debate, 
the Duke of Kent had hitherto been prevented alone by a 
nice sense of delicacy from exhibiting great oratorical 

* Philippart's Royal Milit. Calendar, vol. i. p. 84. 



HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DIKE OF KENT. 2()o 

powers in his parliamentary capacity, and had therefore 
confined his eloquence to the advocacy of the cause of 
humanity, and the promotion of those great public charities, 
in which England stands so proudly pre-eminent above 
all contemporary and contiguous nations. 

His Royal Highness was tall in stature, of a manly and 
noble presence; his manners elegant, affable, condes- 
cending, dignified, and engaging; his conversation ani- 
mated; his information varied and copious ; his memory 
exact and retentive ; his intellectual powers quick, strong, 
and masculine ; and he resembled the King in many of 
his tastes and propensities. His Royal Highness was an 
early riser ; a close economist of his time ; temperate in 
eating ; indifferent to wine, though a lover of society ; 
and heedless of slight indisposition, from confidence in 
the general strength of his constitution ; a kind master ; 
a punctual and courteous correspondent ; a steady friend ; 
and an affectionate brother. The latter years of the Duke 
of Kent were distinguished by the exercise of talents and 
virtues in the highest degree worthy of a benevolent 
Prince and of an enlightened English gentleman. There 
was no want nor misery which he did not endeavour to 
relieve to the extreme limits of his fortune. There was 
no public charity to which his time, his presence, his 
eloquence, were not willingly devoted, nor to the ends of 
which they did not powerfully conduce. The traces of 
his intercourse with the inhabitants of the metropolis, on 
occasions of a salutary tendency to the morals and happi- 
ness of his poorer fellow creatures, will never be effaced 
from the grateful hearts of those who heard and saw him. 
In conversation his Royal Highness particularly excelled ; 
and he was perhaps one of the most correct and elegant 
speakers of his time ; and his memory was so retentive as 
never to forget a face he had once seen, or a circumstance 
he had heard that deserved to be remembered. His 
Royal Highness was married on the 29th of May, 1818, 
at Coburg, and re-married at Kew Palace, on the 11th of 
July, in the same year, to her serene Highness Victoria 



264 HISTORY OF EALING. 

Maria Louisa, youngest daughter of the late reigning 
Duke of Saxe Coburg, widow of his late serene Highness 
the Prince of Liningcn, and sister of his Majesty the 
King of the Belgians. 



The issue of this marriage has been her most 



.-> 



gracious 



Majesty Queen Victoria. 



There are several handsome villas on this hill, in one of 
which resided for some time the gallant defender of Gib- 
raltar, General Elliot, afterwards Lord Heathfield, and 
where his son, the present Lord Heathfield was born. 

Manor of Pitt's-H anger. — Sir Arthur Ayte, who 
died in 1605, was siezed of a manor, or manor farm, in 
the parish of Ealing, called Pitt's Hanger, containing 
143 acres. 

In 1690 this manor was the property of Margaret Ed- 
wards, widow ; from her it descended to Thomas Edwards, 
Esq. the ingenious author of the Canons of Criticism, who 
it is probable was her grandson. Mr. Edwards spent some 
of the early part of his life at Pitt's-Hanger, but afterwards 
removed to an estate which he had purchased in Bucking- 
hamshire. After his death, which happened in 1757, 
Pitt's-Hanger was sold by his nephews, Joseph Paice and 
Nathaniel Mason, Esq., to King Gould, Esq. whose son, 
the late Sir Charles Morgan, Bart, alienated it to Thomas 
Gurnell, Esq. 

Mrs. Peyton, some time the wife of Jonathan Gurnell, 
Esq. and then relict of the late Admiral Peyton, was the 
late proprietor. Mr. Meacock is the present occupier. 

Thomas Edwards, a critic and poet, born in 1699, was 
the son of a gentleman of London, in the profession of 
the law. After receiving a good classical education, he 
was entered of Lincoln's Inn, and in due time was called 
to the bar ; but like many others, he occupied himself 
more with the belles lettres, than with Coke upon Littleton. 

► See Faulkner's Hist, of Kensington . p. 558, 



MANOR OF PITT'S HANGER. 265 

Having paid a particular attention to Shakspeare, on the 
appearance of Warburton's edition of that dramatist, 
in 1744, he published " A Letter to the Author of a 
late Epistolary Dedication, addressed to Mr. Warburton." 
This was followed, in 1747, by " A Supplement to 
Mr. Warburton's Edition of Shakspeare," a work which 
passed through several editions, and subsequently became 
famous under the title of " Canons of Criticism," the idea 
of which was derived from a hint given by Warburton, 
that he intended to construct a body of canons for literary 
criticism. Edwards took up this design, and framed a 
burlesque set of canons, which he illustrated from War- 
burton's notes on Shakspeare, wherein that celebrated 
personage appears to very singular disadvantage. " An 
Essay towards a Glossary," another of Warburton's abor- 
tive designs, also furnished his ironical opponent with 
great scope for his humourous acuteness. The critic 
attacked was not of a temper to be thus assailed with 
impunity, and took the opportunity of a new edition of 
Pope's Dunciad, to introduce Edwards by name, with his 
usual coarseness of invective — 

Her children first of more distinguished sort, 
Who study Shakspeare at the inns of court, 
Impale a glow worm, or virtu profess, 
Shine in the dignity of F.R.S. — Dunciad, iv. 570. 

The latter, however, received compensation in an ode 
addressed to him, by Akenside, who reflected upon War- 
burton in turn, and thus the affair ended. As a poet, 
Mr. Edwards chiefly distinguished himself by an attempt 
to revive the sonnet, and composed several which are 
more creditable to the justness of his sentiments, than to 
his powers of imagination. 

He was a skilful critic in the English language ; and 
the seventh edition of the " Canons," besides the sonnets, 
contains an " account of the letter Y," in which he 
discusses the principles of English orthography. He 
passed his life in the ease of competence and literary 
leisure, chiefly in London and Ealing, until he purchased 



266 HISTORY OF EALING. 

an estate in Buckinghamshire, in 1739, which from that 
time became the place of his residence. He died,* un- 
married, in 1757, whilst on a visit to Mr. Richardson, 
at Parson's Green.f In 1761 appeared his posthumous 
" Tract on Predestination." 

Fordhook. — Henry Fielding, the Cervantes of England, 
resided occasionally during the last mournful year of his 
life at Fordhook, situated on the Uxbridge road, at the 
distance of about a mile from the village of Acton, at the 
eastern extremity of Ealing. Fielding, whose pen had 
been the source of so much heartfelt mirth, was now 
oppressed by a complication of disorders which threw a 
cloud over his fancy, and would have subjugated the whole 
powers of a mind less vivacious and elastic. As a last 
and forlorn hope, he was advised to seek the mild climate 
of Lisbon. He passed the night before the commence- 
ment of his voyage at his country retirement near Ealing, 
in the society of his children ; and the feelings of such a 
man, in so touching an. hour as that of a departure from 
his family, demand the topographer's attention, while 
pausing over the spot on which the trial of fortitude 
occurred. The following are his own words, proceeding 
warmly from the closest recess of his bosom, as he slowly 
sailed towards the port whence he was never to return : — 
Wednesday, June 26, 1754. — " On this day the most 
melancholy sun I had ever beheld arose, and found me 
awake at my house at Fordhook ; by the light of this sun, 
I was in my own opinion last to behold, and take leave 
of some of those creatures on whom I doated with a mother- 
like fondness, guided by nature and passion, and uncured 
and unhardened by all the doctrine of that philosophical 
school, where I had learnt to bear pains and to despise 
death. In this situation, as I could not conquor nature 
I submitted entirely to her ; and she made as great a fool 
of me as she had ever done of any woman whatsoever, 

* Biog. Brit. Richardson's Corresp. 
t See Faulkner 'a Hist, of Fulham, p. 380. 



FORDHOOK. 



W 



under pretence of giving me leave to enjoy, she drew me 
in to suffer 3 the company of my little ones during eight 
hours ; and I doubt not whether, in that time, I did not 
undergo more than in all my distemper. 

" At twelve precisely my coach was at the door, which 
was no sooner told me than I kissed my children round, 
and went into it with some little resolution. My wife, 
who behaved more like a heroine and philosopher, though 
at the same time the tenderest mother in the world, and 
my eldest daughter, followed me ; some friends with us 
and others here took their leave ; and I heard my be- 
haviour applauded, with many murmurs and praises to 
which I well knew I had no title, as all other such philo- 
sophers may, if they have any modesty, confess on the like 
occasions."* 

He reached Lisbon in August, 1754, and about two 
months after expired, his death taking place on the 8th of 
October following, in the forty-eighth year of his age. 
He was attended on this melancholy occasion by his 
second wife, by whom he left four children. 

The merit of Fielding as a novelist is disputed by no 
school of criticism, in respect to wit, humour, correct 
delineation of character, and knowledge of the human 
heart ; and, perhaps, no novel in any language exceeds 
" Tom Jones" in the exhibition of character and man- 
ners, and for the consummate skill displayed in the 
developement of the story, and the management of the 
catastrophe. " Amelia," with less variety and inven- 
tion, is, in regard to portraiture of life, almost equally 
felicitous ; while as to pure raciness of humour, " Joseph 
Andrews" is often deemed before both. Even " Jona- 
than Wild," coarse as are the persons and doings 
described, is irresistible in the way of humourous cari- 
cature, and we forgive the subject, for the original mode 
of the handling. In the eyes of foreigners, Fielding ranks 
far below Richardson, which is not wonderful, for while no 
one more largely deals in the general elements of human 

* Journal of a voyage to Lisbon, by the late Henry Fielding, Esq. p. 48-55. 



268 



HISTORY OF EALING. 



nature, like Hogarth, he has rendered all his personages 
so unmixedly English, that they are scarcely to be recog- 
nized in any other dress. 

The great impulse given by popular encouragement to 
Works of fiction of a kindred class to these celebrated 
novels, has certainly led to many imposing and splendid 
productions of late years, but it may be doubted if, in 
reference to verisimilitude and real nature as modified by 
the habits and institutions of modern society, Fielding 
does not yet stand at the head of the English school of 
genuine comic romance.* 

Fordhook, which is said to have been the seat of 
Alexander Denton, Justice of the Common Pleas, is now 
the residence of G. Tyrrell, Esq. 

Charles Dibden wrote many of his best songs at his 
house in Hanger Lane, now occupied by Sir Francis Sykes. 

He was the son of a silversmith, at Southampton, and 
was born there about the year 1745. The strong passion 
which he felt for music induced him at a very early age 
to give up all thoughts of the church, for which profession 
his father had intended him, with which view he had 
placed him at Winchester school, upon the foundation. 
When about the age of fourteen he became a candidate 
for the situation of organist in a Hampshire village, but 
his youth proving a fatal objection to his success, he 
accepted the pressing invitation of an elder brother, a 
captain of a vessel in the West India trade, to come to 
London. Here he occupied his time in composing a few 
ballads, which brought him more credit than profit, and 
in tuning piano fortes, till 1762, when he made his first 
appearance on the boards of the Richmond Theatre, and 
two years afterwards on the London stage, as Ralph, in the 
Opera of " The Maid of the Mill." The principal part 
of the music to iS Lionel and Clarissa," and the whole of 
that to the musical entertainment of the " The Padlock," 
written by him shortly afterwards, established his fame as 
a dramatic composer, which he subsequently increased 

* Biog. Britan. 



FORDHOOK. 269 

by the production of nearly one hundred musical pieces 
for the stage, of more or less merit. The most celebrated 
of these are his " Deserter/' brought out in 1772, " the 
Waterman," the dialogue of which is also the production 
of his pen, in 1774, and " The Quaker," in 1775. 

Though devoted to dramatic composition, Dibdin never 
liked the profession of an actor, and having at length 
quarrelled with Garrick, and, indeed, with the proprietors 
of all the principal theatres, as well as having failed in 
more than one managerial speculation on his own account, 
he quitted the stage altogether, and made an attempt, 
which proved singularly successful, to entertain the public 
by his own unassisted powers, accompanying himself, in 
his own songs, on the piano forte. The prolific qualities 
of his genius are ascertained by the prodigious number of 
songs which he wrote (words and music) for these enter- 
tainments, and sang at his Saloon, near Leicester-square, 
to which he gave the title of " Sans Souci." They are 
said to have exceeded twelve hundred. Of these the 
majority display much originality and humour ; but, his 
sea songs in particular, are very felicitously composed, 
and will, in all probability, continue popular in the 
navy while Britain has a fleet. " Poor Jack," " Tom 
Bowling," (the latter is said to have been a real tribute 
of affection to the memory of his brother,) and others of 
the same class, must be familiar to the ears of the major 
part of the community. 

Notwithstanding the popularity of these entertainments, 
and the large income they produced, aided by. occasional 
assistance from government, who considered his exertions 
towards cheering the hearts, and softening the sentiments 
of the sailor, worthy of reward, the improvidence which 
seems so frequently to attend the votaries of Thespis, 
kept Dibdin constantly poor, and he died in very indigent 
circumstances, in 1814. 

Dr. Kitchener has lately published an edition of the 
best of his songs.* 

* Bio°\ Diet, of Musicians, vol. i. 



270 HISTORY OF EALING. 

Ealing north of the Uxbridge Road. — This part 
of the parish has greatly increased of late in houses of a 
respectable character, and in population, in consequence 
of its proximity to the Great Western Rail-way Station, 
which is the first on the road from London. 

The Great Western Rail- way was opened through 
this parish on June 4, 1838. It is assessed to the Poor 
Rate at the sum of £2400. a year, amounting upon an 
average to £360. the rate being about three shillings in 
the pound. The Church Rate and Highway Rate amount 
also to about one shilling in the pound. 



Grand Junction Water Works. — The extensive 
works of the Grand Junction Water Works Company 
have already been noticed, and we are now enabled to add 
the following additional particulars of their progress. 

The Grand Junction Water Works Company obtain the 
water for the supply of the west end of London, from the 
river Thames, between Kew and Richmond, on the Surrey 
side of the river. The water at the point of the river 
whence their supply is drawn is entirely removed at all 
times, and under all circumstances, from the influence of 
the London drainage, and was selected upon the evidence 
of scientific gentlemen, by a committee of the House of 
Lords, in the year 1835, as being considered remarkably 
free from impurities ; indeed, for ten months out of the 
twelve it is particularly bright and pure ; but, as for about 
two months of the year during floods, or rainy weather, 
the water has been found not to be so clear as at other 
times, the company have constructed a depositing reser- 
voir of about three acres in extent, into which the water is 
raised by a direct acting expansive engine. Two engines 
of this character are erected, one of which will serve as 
auxiliary power, and be available in case of accident. From 
the reservoir, the water passes on to a filter bed of about 
two acres in extent, from which it is raised and distributed 
in the western district of London, and supplied to the 



GRAND JUNCTION WATER WORKS. 271 

cisterns of the tenantry without further exposure to the 
atmosphere. 

The Grand Junction Water Works Company have had 
for some time three large engines of about one hundred 
horse power each, upon the non-expansive principle. 
These engines are about to be altered, and converted into 
expansive engines, capable of raising the water to two 
hundred and ten feet above Trinity high water mark. 

In addition to these engines, the company have just 
erected a large expansive engine, and as it is the largest 
engine ever erected by any Water Works Company, some 
particulars of its dimensions may be interesting. 

The diameter of the cylinder is ninety inches ; the 
diameter of the plunger pump is thirty-three inches ; and 
the length of the stroke is eleven feet in both cases. The 
power of this engine when working at ten strokes per 
minute, is equal to two hundred and fifty horses, and will 
raise four thousand gallons per minute. 

The whole of the water is raised over a stand pipe adja- 
cent to the engines, the top of which is two hundred and 
eighteen feet above Trinity high water mark, or two hun- 
dred and six feet above the surface of the ground. 

By these works the company will be able to raise twenty- 
five millions of gallons per week, and will have upon their 
premises auxiliary power so as to insure this quantity 
being supplied at all times, having six engines of an aggre- 
gate power equal to six hundred and thirty horses. 

The advantage to the public by the above alterations 
will be two-fold, for in the first place all the water sup- 
plied will have been previously purified by filtration ; and 
secondly, the whole being raised to a height of two hun- 
dred and ten feet above high water mark, the mains will 
be constantly charged under high pressure, night and day, 
throughout the year, as a protection against fire. 

In addition to this, and for the purpose of guarding 
against the effect of any fracture on the main pipe between 
the Kew Bridge works and the Metropolis, which, how- 
ever, the improvements now carrying on will render very 
improbable, the company have made a reservoir at Camp- 



272 HISTORY OF EALING. 

den-hill, capable of holding three days supply, which will 
enable them to keep their mains always charged, even 
though the communication between their engines and the 
district supplied by them should be stopped. 

The new works and machinery, including the large 
expansive engines, the depositing and filtering reservoirs, 
&c. have been constructed from the designs, and under 
the superintendence of Thomas Wicksteed, Esq. the 
company's consulting engineer. 

From the above short statement of the improved works 
constructed and constructing by the Grand Junction 
Water Works Company, it is evident they have had the 
intention of keeping good faith with the public, having 
availed themselves at a very great cost, of all the modern 
improvements in water works, and placed themselves 
undoubtedly in a situation to offer all that the public can 
require, viz. : a very abundant supply of pure and limpid 
water at such a pressure as will enable it to be given to 
the tops of the highest houses in their district, and afford 
very effectual protection at all times of day and night, in 
case of fire. 

The affairs of the company are conducted by a Court 
of Directors, consisting of ten gentlemen, of which Sir 
William Clay, Bart. M. P. is the chairman ; Benjamin 
Edward Hall, Esq. the deputy chairman ; and W. M. Coe, 
Esq. the secretary. 



THE 



HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 



OF 



CHISWICK 



175 



THE 

HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 

OF 

CHISWICK. 



CHAPTER I. 

Name — Situation — Soil — Boundaries — Extent — Roman Road — Water 
Courses and Bridges — Parliamentary Army at Turnham-Green — Battle of 
Turnham-Green — Ancient Manors. 

This parish, is not to be found in Domesday Book, 
but it is mentioned in various ancient records by the 
name of Ceswyck, Cheswyck, and Cheswick. There 
is a tradition, that within the last hundred years, 
a very considerable mart, or fair, for cheese, was annu- 
ally held in the field called the " Great Downs," nearly 
opposite the Duke of Devonshire's. If so, we here pos- 
sess the most probable derivation of the name of the vil- 
lage, which in all the more ancient writings that I am 
acquainted with is spelt Chesewick, or Cheswick. 

The village of Chiswick is situated by the river side, 
at the distance of about five miles from Hy de-Park-Corner ; 
the parish lies within the hundred of Ussulston, and is 
bounded on the east by Hammersmith, on the north by 
Acton, on the west by Ealing and Brentford, and on the 
south by the Thames. 

This parish contains the hamlets of Stanford Brook, 
Strand-on-the-Green, Little Sutton, and Turnham-Green. 

t 2 



276 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Though neither Chiswick or Sutton occur in the 
record of Domesday among the possessions of the Church 
of St. Paul's, I suspect that the manor of Fulham, said to 
belong to the canons of that cathedral, was no other than 
that of Chiswick, which together with Sutton, contained 
five hides, exactly the quantity mentioned in the Survey.* 

The soil varies from a light sand and gravel to a dark 
and fertile loam, but even in the best land gravel is to be 
found near the surface. 

About four hundred acres are under grass, about two 
hundred acres of which are included in parks and pad- 
docks. About three hundred are occupied in gardening, 
and about three hundred are arable or corn land, of the 
latter about twenty acres are occupied in ozier plantations. 



Extinction of the right or Common on the Lam- 
mas Lands. — In the year 1806, an Act of Parliament was 
obtained for extinguishing the right of Common over cer- 
tain Lammas Lands in this parish, belonging to the Duke 
of Devonshire, known by the following names, and con- 
taining by admeasurement the under-mentioned quan- 
tities, viz. : — 

A. R. 

Dickey Mead 9 1 

Two Slips, 8 a. 3 r. and 7 a. 3 r. 16 2 
The three Thames Meadows 1, 

1, 11 

2, . . . . 4 3 

3, . . . . 3 1 

Corney Meadow 9 

Chiswick Field 14 



Total 67 3 



The Rev. James Trebeck, the then vicar, as owner of 
the land called " Thames Field," also claimed some part 

* Lysons's Environs, vol. ii. p. 180, 187. 



ROMAN ROAD THROUGH TURNI1AM GREEX. 277 

of the Land in " Chiswick Field" for the poor of the 
parish, who were entitled to rights of common.* 

" The next place which we meet with upon the Thames 
is the pleasant village of Chiswick, situate about three 
miles by the Thames side from Fulham, and eight from 
London, was anciently called Cheswick as it appears in 
and some very old deeds. The sweet air and situation 
of this place drew not only a great many considerable 
families to settle here formerly, but indeed, several illus- 
trious persons to build seats; nor has it lost its reputation 
now, but is honoured with the presence of several noble 
persons. Although we find no mention made of this 
place in history, yet several very ancient buildings now 
standing, are an evidence of its antiquity."f 

The Roman road from Regnum or Ringwood, went 
from Staines through Brentford, which was a manse 
between it and London, to Turnham-green, thence over 
Standford-bridge, and into the Acton-road, crossing the 
Watling-street, at Tyburn. 

Dr. Stukeley after having described the course of this 
road, £vo\\\ Regnum, now Chichester, to Pontes, now Staines, 
thus mentions its course through this parish. It passes now 
between Staines and London, being the common road at 
present, till you come to Turnham-green, where the pre- 
sent road through Hammersmith and Kensington leaves it, 
for it passes more northward upon the common, where to a 
discerning eye, the trace of it goes over a little brook, 
called from it Strand-bridge, and comes into the Acton 
road at a common ; at a bridge a little west of- Camden- 
house, and so along Hyde -park- wall, and crosses the Wat- 
ling-street, at Tyburn 

An urn filled with Roman silver coins was dug up at 
Turnham-green in 1731. I have not heard of any 
further discovery of Roman coins on this spot : specimens, 
however, of the British series have been occasionally 
found. 



* 46th Geo. III. c. 111. .Inly 1800. 

f Bowack's Antiquities of Middlesex, p. 13. Loud. 170o. 



278 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



In confirmation of the correctness of the description of this 
ancient road, it may be mentioned, that the most satisfactory 
evidence of its existence was discovered in the year 1834, 
by the workmen employed in making Gold Hawk-road, for 
npon digging down about ten feet from the surface they came 
to the old Roman causeway, which was very hard and 
compact, and consisted of the usual sort of materials 
employed in the formation of these roads. Among the 
various articles dug up, were Roman coins, and small 
square tiles, some of which were preserved ; but, being 
subsequently mixed with similar matters dug up at the 
same time in the Tower ditch, they cannot now be parti- 
cularized.* 







Oj*r 



In this parish are the following principal water 
courses and Bridges, in the highways crossing the same. 

The River Thames. — Passing on the west and south 
sides of this parish, from the parish of Ealing, at the east 

* See Faulkner's History of Hammersmith, p. 20. 



PARLIAMENTARY ARMY AT TURNHAM GREEN. 279 

side of Kew-bridge, to the parish of Fulham, east of 
Chiswick church, is not crossed by any public road. 

Bollar Brook — Passes through this parish, from the 
parish of Acton, at the east end of Ealing-common, to the 
north of the west end of Turnham-green, and through the 
pleasure grounds of Chiswick-house to the river Thames, 
south-west of Chiswick-church, and is crossed by the 
public roads at the following places, viz. at a very small 
culvert in the Brentford-road, at the west end of Turn- 
ham-green. 

This culvert being inadequate to the free passage of the 
waters during floods, Acton-common and the neighbour- 
ing lands are frequently overflowed. 

Chiswick-House-Bridge, in the road from the village 
of Chiswick to Strand-on-the-Green. This bridge is of 
brick, with one arch; it is twenty-five feet wide between 
the parapets ; the water way under the bridge is ten feet 
wide, and five feet high to the summit within the arch. 

It was built in the year 1828, by the Duke of Devon- 
shire, when the road in front of Chiswick-house was 
diverted by his Grace.* 



The Parliamentary Army at Turnham Green. 

The Earl of Essex, (says Whitelock,) returned to London 
at the beginning of November, and the parliament voted 
him £5000. for his conduct in the late battle. On the 12th 
the king advanced with his army towards Brentford, 
where after a sharp fight, he defeated Colonel Hollis' 
regiment, and towards night got possession of the town. 
Intelligence of the king's progress having reached London, 
every possible exertion was made by the parliament to 
assemble a sufficient force to prevent his entrance into the 
capital ; and therefore, with unspeakable expedition, the 
army under the Earl of Essex was not only drawn toge- 
ther, but the trained bands of London led out in their 
brightest equipage upon the heath, west of Brentford, where 

* Report of Public Bridges in the County of Middlesex, -Ato. Loudon, 1826. 



280 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

they had, indeed, a full army of horse and foot fit to have 
decided the title of a crown with an equal adversary.* 

The Earl drew up his forces upon Turnham-green, the 
whole army consisting of 24,000 men, stout, gallant 
proper men, as well habited and armed as were ever seen 
in any army, and seemed to be in as good a courage to 
fight the enemy.f The Earl encouraged his men by riding 
from regiment to regiment, and speaking to each; and 
when he had spoken to them, the soldiers would throw 
up their caps and shout, u Hey for old Robin." Both 
armies continued to face each other the whole day, yet 
neither seemed emulous to begin the attack. Charles pro- 
bably was disappointed in the assistance he had expected 
from his London friends, and Essex was apprehensive that 
part of his troops would desert their colours should the 
battle commence. In the evening the King drew off to 
Kingston, and on the next day the general gave orders 
for the citizens to go home, which they gladly obeyed. 

The good wives and others, mindful of their husbands 
and friends, sent many cart loads of provisions and wines, 
and good things to Turnham-green, with which the sol- 
diers were refreshed and made merry; and the more 
when they understood the King and all his army had 
retreated. £ 

A true relation of the present passages in Middlesex, behceen 
the forces of the Malignants, and those assembled for the 
defence of the Kingdom. London, 1642. 

Saturday, 12th of Xovember. 

Prince Rupert, with his desperate route of cavaliers, 
the vant curryers, or as it were the forlorn hope of these 
malignant forces, having in vain attempted Windsor castle, 
came harassing along these countries, performing all acts 
of hostility upon the good and faithful subjects of Middle- 
sex, and leaving Harrow-on-the-hill on his right-hand, 

* WMtlock's Mem. p. 52. 

■+ Clar. Hist, of Reb. vol. ii. p. 75. 

j Maitland's London, p 237. edit. 1739. 



CIVIL WARS IN CHISWICK. 281 

he came sweeping like a torrent that bears down all before 
him, to Acton Ward, and from thence sat down with his 
forces on a plain called Turnham-Green, some five or six 
miles distant from this honourable city, where part of the 
parliamentary forces were billeted in the hamlets there- 
abouts, with the trained bands, who having notice of his 
approach, resolved to stop his passage, and give him a 
bloudy welcome, as he well deserved, into these parts ; 
drawing therefore into one body, under their several 
leaders, on Saturday, the twelfth of this present November, 
they faced him upon the said Turnham-Green. The 
Prince espying these forces coming marching towards 
him, with their colours flying, and drums courageously 
beating, had no great mind to have meddled with them, 
not looking to have been fought with so soon, at least not 
intending it till more of the malignant forces were come 
up to him; but our men having in view those deadly 
enemies to God and their country, would not expect any 
longer, but gallantly gave them the charge in the front ; 
the ordnance thundering their deathful shot upon them. 
The Prince, as he is cunning enough to save himself, 
opening his ranks wide, the artillery did not so much 
execution upon them as was desired. The Prince, also 
discharging his ordnance upon us, his being the higher 
side of the plain, they flew up in the air over our quarters, 
giving by that means license to our soldiers, ere they 
could again charge them, to come within distance to dis- 
charge their muskets, which they did with good aim and 
expedition, tumbling good store of malignants' horsemen 
on the ground, that strived to force into the squadrons ; 
and keeping their ground with good discretion and valour, 
they charged and discharged like excellent firemen on the 
enemy, who finding himself so terribly galled with this 
first salutation, had no great mind to be acquainted with 
any more such greeting, and rather were willing to defend 
themselves than offend us, till Prince Rupert remon- 
strating to them the disgrace it was for men of valour and 
performance to be afraid of boys and roundheads, as he 
termed our soldiers, he with his own troop, and some 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

others that he knew best experienced, charged them with 
a broad front, into our front of foot ; then might you have 
seen the horses gored to the heart with our stiff sharp- 
pointed pikes, fall with their riders under them; yet 
nevertheless, Prince Rupert, charging like a devil rather 
than a man into our footmen, made them lustily bestir 
themselves, when two or three troops of our horse came 
in on the spur to the relief of the foot, and made the 
Prince's troops stagger, instead of striving to force through 
our great body any further, they shocked up close to- 
gether, fighting as it were in a ring, their other troops 
and foot companies coming up to their rescues, the medley 
grew very hot and bloody, so that it was reported in the 
neighbouring villages, as Brentford, Ealing, and Acton, 
that the clay was like to go against us, and that the Prince 
had taken our ordnance, when indeed there was no such 
matter, it being but a rumour raised by lying malignants, 
to discourage our party, we standing to it like men, re- 
solved to sacrifice our lives, rather than by cowardly non- 
chalance of our duties to betray our country; knowing 
that ere long we should have succour from our brethren 
in London, which upon the notice of this business came 
with all speed to us, and joining themselves with our forces, 
which were well wearied with this two or three hours' 
skirmish, they took upon them the dealing with Prince 
Rupert, who in this conflict with us had received double 
our loss, the red regiments, or red-coats, on our part 
charging them with all fury possible ; there did those 
courageous and valiant London apprentices show them- 
selves to be no boys, as the others in contempt termed 
them, but resolute and able soldiers, falling on with excel- 
lent discretion and agility, being mindful of the ancient 
honour, as well as the present safety, of that noble and 
renowned city of which they were members. Traversing 
their ground, and discharging their muskets into the 
thickest of their adversaries, their pikemen at push 
with those of the enemy, running those instruments of 
destruction clean through their bodies, and with their sharp 
swords making those malignants feel that the London 



BATTLE OF TURNHAM GREEX. 283 

prentices were every whit equal to themselves in courage 
and the exercise of arms. The Prince, who without doubt 
is rather to be held desperate than truly valiant, nothing 
moved with the loss of his men, which dropped down in 
heaps, did lay about him like a fury, and though he was 
shot at a thousand times by our men, not any of them was 
to the purpose, encouraging his horsemen, who were the 
flower of his garland, not to leave him nor the quarrel, 
so that with his persuasion they stood to him, though to 
little purpose, loss upon loss seconding their attempts. 
Yet they made good the field without appearance of rout 
or flight, even until the darkness of the evening friendly 
approached to save them from further destruction ; so that 
fair and softly they retreated from us towards the enclosed 
grounds on the right side of the Green, where they intended 
that night to fix their rendezvous, we following them, and 
giving fire among them, till they were scantly discernablc ; 
and so as absolute masters of the field we sat down on the 
Green, resolving, in the morning as soon as it was light, 
to give them a breakfast of the same viands that they 
had been so plentifully feasted with at supper, watching 
them all the night, lest they should give us the slip ere 
the morning ; all the night there was nothing but drinking, 
damning, and roaring in their quarters, cursing their des- 
tiny, and the horsemen laying all the blame upon their 
footmen, calling them cowards, for that they came up no 
faster, but said that they were afraid of boys and Round- 
heads ; we in the meantime, after careful setting our 
sentinels, and laying at our perdues, fell to our prayers, 
giving God hearty thanks for our deliverance from those 
cannibals. In the night, the Prince gave three or four 
alarms to our quarters, as if he would have instantly fallen 
upon us, but they had no such intentions, however we 
stood upon our guard, intending if they came to give them 
their welcomes with fire and bullets, but they were better 
advised, and stood all night as well as Ave upon their 
defence, thinking we would charge them, which we never 
intended ; so the night being consumed with much expec- 
tation and vigilance, in the morning we took a survey of 



284 H1ST0KY OF CHISWICK. 

our last days's business, finding of their men slain on the 
Green eight hundred and odd persons, most of which 
appeared to be of good quality by their habits, likely to 
be so, the loss falling amongst their horsemen, who were 
most gentlemen, their footmen scarce ever advancing at 
all towards us ; we got some four field-pieces also, which 
they were inforced to leave behind them for haste ; of our 
side some hundred and twenty fell their country's mar- 
tyrs, whom burying as well as the season would permit, 
we stood in arms expecting Prince Rupert's sallying out 
of the closes upon us. About eight of the clock some of 
his horsemen began to run along the sides of the hedges, 
discharging their carbines at our men, who answered them 
with our musquets. Little^ stomach it should seem they 
had this morning to their breakfast, they were so clogged 
over night with their plentiful supper ; however, about 
nine o'clock came up some horsemen towards us, but in 
no just number, for an army being scarcely good sufficient 
parties, with these some of our horsemen encountered, 
there falling but a few in that skirmish on any side ; but 
the Prince advancing out with some other of his forces, 
we saluted him with a bonjour from our ordnance, which 
he took in such bad part he had no more mind to pass on 
any further ; but hovering up and down the green, with- 
out the reach of our muskets, our red coats, being divers 
of them London prentices, could scarcely be restrained 
from falling on those cavaliers ; after some shot spent on 
both sides, but to little damage on our part ; the Prince 
seeing he had taken a wrong matter in hand to deal with 
us, retired again into his quarters, ever and anon some of 
his horsemen fiurting out to try if they could kill or sur- 
prise any of our perdues or sentinels. So the horsemen 
being as a wall between us and their footmen, kept us 
from falling on them ; indeed the ground being very dis- 
advantageous for us to assault them by reason of the 
hedges, their footmen retiring by little and little without 
any noise of drums beating, or their colours furled up, 
escaped through the country which they coasted over into 
Surrey, whither their horsemen all followed in the night, 






BATTLE OF TURNHAM-GREEN. 285 

so that by Monday day -light there was no news at all of 
them, they are certainly in Surrey whence it is conjec- 
tured they intend for Kent, to join the malignants which 
Sir Edward Deering is raising there, but we hope we shall 
still be blessed with victory against these bloodsuckers. 
The valour of the London prentices being terrible to the 
cavaliers, whom we hope shortly to root out with all their 
associates. 

Next day being Sunday, marched out the militia of 
London ; but both armies may be said to keep the sabbath 
and facing each other without any considerable action. 
It is incredible how many cart loads of victuals were car- 
ried out of London, enough to have feasted their souldiers 
some days, and fed them some weeks. In the evening 
the King's forces drew off towards Kingston. The number 
of the slain amounted not to a thousand, and the reputation 
of the victory on the King's side, was more than the effect 
thereof; for then the royalists did nose and beard the 
populous city of London, and did triumphare in, though 
not sub hostio. Indeed the accession of citizens to the King, 
answered not the rational expectation ; wealth, though loyal, 
being always fearful and loath to hazard a certain state. 

This is most sure, that many scores of prisoners taken 
by the King, were by him freely dismissed without other 
ransom, than a strict oath to serve no more against him ; 
now what oath office is kept in London I know not, nor 
what Pope therein had power to dispense with so sacred an 
obligation. But these met with such confessors, who seem- 
ingly satisfied them in the violation of this oath, so that 
some weeks after they appeared on the same side as fierce 
as before.* 

Manors. — There are two manors in the parish of Chis- 
wick, both belonging to the Church of St. Paul's, one of 
which is called the Deans' (being his peculiar), or the 
manor of Sutton ; the other, the Prebendal manor. 

Manor of Sutton. — It does not appear when or by 

* Fuller's Worthies, Middlesex, p. 169. 



286 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

whom the manor of Sutton was given to the dean 
and chapter of St. Paul's. Though it is not mentioned 
among the manors belonging to the canons of that 
church, or in Domesday-book, yet it is upon record that 
they were in possession of it in the reign of William the 
Conqueror. 

Among the archives in the Chapter-house at St. Paul's, 
is a very curious and minute survey of all the manors 
belonging'to the church, made as it appears, in or about 
the time of Alardus de Burnham, who succeeded Ralph 
de Diceto in the Deanery, very early in the thirteenth 
century ; as this is one of the most ancient surveys extant, 
and very explicit and satisfactory in describing the ser- 
vices of the tenants, I shall translate at large the account 
of the demesne lands, and some of the principal estates 
held under the lord by various rents and services. 

An Inquisition of the Manor of Great Suttone Philip de 
Haddam, lessee. 

The jury return, that this manor is taxed or rated to the 
king at three hides, besides the farm* of Cheswick, which 
by itself is two hides, rated with hides of Sutton. The 
manor is free and quit from all suit, either of county or 
hundred, and all other dues which belong either to the 
king himself, or to his bailiffs. In demesne are two 
hundred and ten acres of arable land, sixteen of meadow, 
and about forty of wood, of a good growth.f The quantity 
of pasture is not known, but it suffices for twelve oxen, 
four horses, { ten cows, and one hundred and thirty sheep. 
"Wainagep may be made with twelve oxen and four horses, 
according to the custom of the township. 

* " Solandam." I have translated the word fami,. being guided by tlie 
sense. The word solanda does not occur in any glossary that I have seen. 
Solatium is a farm. 

+ In bosco bene vestito. 

I " Quatuor Stottis." Stottus is denned in the glossaries to be equus 
admissarius — admissarius quia admittitur inter armenta. 

§ " Wanning} mn." Wainage is sometimes used for the furniture of a wain 
or cart, and sometimes for tillage. See Jacob's Law Dictionary. If either, it 
must mean the latter here. 



MANOR OF SUTTON. 287 



Inquisitio facta in Manerio de Suttuni Magistro Ph. de 
Haddam exist ente fir mar io . 

Juratores. Juratores dicunt q d maneriuin istud 

Jobs de Sutton prepos. defendit se versus regem pro tribus 

Walter chiles * hidis prseter solandam de Chiswick q 

Gilib. fii Edwardi. habet duas hidas et sunt geldabiles cum 

Adam fii Gilib. hidis de Sutton et libm et quietum ab 

Wlnodus fil Edwini. omni §ecta ^^ hlmdredi et alio „ 

Gilib. de Sularan. - 

Everardus fii Turbiti. ruua q spectant ad dnm Rege m capite 

Gilib. fil Nicbolai. vel SUOS ballivos. 

In dominico sunt decies viginti acre et 10 de terra 
arabili et in prato 16 acre et in bosco satis bene vestito 
circiter quadraginta acre. Et numer acrar de pastura 
ignorat sed sumcit ad 12 boves et quatuor stottos et 10 
vaccas et ad sexies viginti et 10 oves. Potest wanniagium 
fieri cum \2 bovibus et quatuor stottis cum consuetudinibus 
villate tenentes de domino. 

Tenants of Assise. — Gilbert, son of Nicholas, holds 
three virgates of land, to which his grandfather, Gilbert, 
was admitted by Theoric, a former lessee, and for which 
he now pays thirty shillings per annum, and is subject to 
the following services, viz. He must plough two acres of 
the demesne lands in winter, and two in lent, and sow the 
lords' seed, which he is to receive at the manor-house, 
and to carry into the field ; he must harrow also the land 
above-mentioned ; he must find two mowers,* who are to 
have their provision from the lord of the Manor ;f and 
two men to carry hay, who must be fed at his own cost. 
Two men one day, and two other men a second day, to 
weed the corn, these men to be provided with one meal 
a day by the lord.J He must find also two carts, or one 
waggon, to carry hay, and three men for each of the reap 

* Homines cum falcibus. + Ad cibum domini. 

} Ad cibum domini semel iu die. 



288 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



days.* He must find two men for one day to thresh the 
rent corn,f to be carried to London, these men to have 
one meal a day at the lord's cost, and provide two sacks 
for each rent. He must carry dung from the Manor- 
house two days, each day with two carts, the workmen to 
be allowed provisions by the lord. He must bring four 
cart loads of fuel from the wood, finding provisions at his 
own cost. He must render, moreover, annually two hens 
and twenty eggs. William, son of Tustan, holds one 
virgate at the rent of 6s. 2d. He is to mow also one day 
for the lord of the manor, being allowed his provisions, 
and to send all his labourers to the reap days, the lord 
allowing them victuals and ale. 

Another tenant was to shear the lord's sheep and lambs, 
and to cut his pease. Some were to pay a certain rent, 
called malt silver,* being five-pence, three-pence, or some 
small sum; others a rent called " ward pence,"§ gene- 
rally two-pence, and others a small sum e. g. ten-pence, 
called the gift, if 

Inquisitio Man. Suthona temp. Hen. Decern. Alex. Thesaur. 

Manerium de Suthona defendebat se tempe Rege Henr. 
et Willi. Decan pro S hidas et reddebat vice comiti 

* Quaslibet precarias ! Jacob translates precaria a reap day. It was 
called also in ancient records, a bederyp, or bed repose, from tbe Saxon words 
heden, rogare ; and nip, messis ; being a term for certain assistance during 
the term of the harvest, due to the lord from his tenants, who, according to 
the terms of their agreement, sent either all their labourers., or a part of them, 
upon certain fixed days, called " dies precaria, i. e. bedryp, or reap days. 
Upon these occasions, the lord of the manor always found the men provisions, 
and sometimes liquor. John de Lambourne, a tenant of the manor of Sutton, 
was to send one man to the sicca precaria, and two to precaria; cervisia:. 

(■ " Finnan." Du Cange gives instances of firma, being used in this 
sense : he defines it " Fructus ex conventione reddendns." 

\ A payment to the lord for the privilege of making malt. It was some- 
times called malt shot. 

§ Ward penny was a payment made to the sheriffs for the defence of 
Castles. 

% De dono lOd. Dommi is defined to have been a payment made to the 
lord under the name of a free gift. — Glossariinn Media Latinitatis. 



MANOR OF SUTTON. 289 

3 sol et adhuc ita est et recldit modo canonicis 2 firmas 
plenas cum quingenis solidis et praeterea 40 sol in Dom 
sunt circiter sexties 20 acre et 10 terr arab in prat 16 
acre. In bos'c vestito circiter 30 acr et piscaria habent 
Canonici 5 sol vel decimum piscam. Est ibi past ad 60 
oves et 5 vaccas sunt due caruce dom quietum est ab om 
serv. Sex decern virgata sunt assisse. Aluridus tenet 
unum garram de Dni pro duobus sociis. 

Summa £7 Ss. 7d. ; De Piscaria 5s. ; De Essarto \d. 



Isti tenent de terra assisa. 

Gilib fil Nicholai tenet tres virgulas in quas Gilib 
avus suus habet ingressum per Theodori firmar et 
modo reddit p illis 30 sol et debet 2 acras in hieme 
arrare et duas in 40 et seminare de seraine Dni qdo 
recipiet de curia dni et portabit in campum et liciabit 
eosdem et inveniet 2 homines cum falcibus ad cibum 
dni et 2 homines ad levand fenum sine cibo et duos homines 
uno die et alios duos alio die ad sarcland ad cibum dni 
semel in die et inveniet duas carectas vel unum plaus- 
trum ad fenum ducendum ad cibum dni et inveniet tres 
homines ad quaslibet precarias et una die flagellare cum 
duobus homines firma portendu London, ad unum pastu 
dni et inveniet duos succos ad utramque firma et ducet 
fimum de curia duobus diebus quolibet die cum duabus 
carectis ad cibum dni et quatuor Carectas adducet de 
bosco ad curiam sine cibo et dat 2 Gallinas et viginti 
ova. 

Roger fil Hen I virgata cum insula prati p 12 sol et 
inveniet 3 homines ad quaslibet precarias et quicquid avene 
metent, colligent, et ligabunt, sine cibo. 

Will fil Turstani pro 6 sol et 2d et debet una die ful- 
care ad cibum dni et metere ad precarias cvisia omnes 
operarios et tenentes suos ad cibum Dni. 

Johannes de Lamburne pro dimid virgat inveniet ad 
quilibet siccam precarium unum hominem et ad precarias 
c visia? duo. 



290 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Oms oparios et tenentes suos ad cibum Dni. 
Godman nepos Lefwardi dim virg pro SOd et 3d. de 
Maltsellum. 

Galf fil Alwine 8 acras de essarto pro 16c/. 

This inquisition must have been made soon after Alar- 
dus was Dean, who seems to have succeeded R. de Diceto 
one of the then tenants, holding some land by grant of 
Alardus.* 

Another survey of the manors belonging to the church 
of St. Paul's, made about the year l£45,f says, that the 
manor of Sutton in the time of King Henry, and William 
the dean, which must have been about the year 1111, was 
rated at three hides, and paid three shillings to the sheriffs, 
which it still did at the taking of the inquisition. The 
canons received from it two full corn rents,} and five 
hundred and forty shillings in money. The quantity 
of land is the same as in the survey above quoted, except 
that the work is computed at only thirty acres, and the 
pasture said to be sufficient only for five cows and sixty 
sheep. There were sixteen virgates of land which paid quit 
rent. Aluric held of the lord unam garram,% by the annual 
render of two plough shears.^" The rents of assise amounted 
to £7. Ss. Id. besides five shillings, or every tenth fish from 
the fishery, and four-pence from the cultivated waste.** 

In the year 1285, an agreement was made relating to the 

* Lysons's Middlesex, MSS. Brit. Mus. 

+ Newcourt calls this an inquisition of churches and manors, taken in 1181. 
The inquisition of the manors is expressly said to have been taken when 
Henry de Cornhill was dean, and Alexander, treasurer. Henry de Cornhill 
was made dean in 1244 ; and Alexander Sweiford, the treasurer, died in 
1246. The inquisition of the manors therefore must have taken place about 
1245. The date of the year is annexed to the visitation of each church, viz. 
1249, 1250, &c. 

} " Duos Jirmas plenas." 

§ The word garra I cannot find in any glossary. Du Cange has it in the 
plural ; and mentions an instance wherein garrets atrii occurs, but gives no 
satisfactory explanation of it. If the MS. was not remarkably fair and legible, 
I should suspect that gravam, a grove, was the word intended. 

% " Soccos." See Kelham's Doomsday Illustrated, p. 336. 
** " De Essarto." Essartwm is defined to be waste land, grubbed up and 
cultivated. 



PREBEND AL MANOR. 291 

fisli within the manor of Sutton, between the dean and 
chapter of St. Paul's and the prior of Merton, who enjoyed 
a grant from the king of the fisheries of the river Thames, 
for a certain district, which includes the shores of Chiswick. 

By this agreement, the men of Sutton and Chiswick 
were permitted to place forty wears* for catching of barbel 
and lampreys only, for which permission they were to 
pay twenty-three shillings per annum to the prior of 
Merton ; and if the payment was neglected five days 
beyond the time appointed, the sum was to be doubled.f 

In the ninth year of Edw. IV. Baldwin Bray, whose 
ancestors appear to have been settled there for several 
generations,* conveyed the manor of Sutton, near Chese- 
wyke (that is, I suppose, assigned the lease of the manorial 
estate), to Thomas Coveton and others.§ During the civil 
wars, the manor was sequestered to the lord mayor and 
aldermen of London.^" In the year 1676, the lease came 
into the hands of Thomas, Earl of Fauconberg,** whose 
great-nephew, Thomas Fowler, Viscount Fauconberg, 
assigned it, about the year 1727, to Richard, Earl of 
Burlington. After Lord Burlington's death, the lease 
was renewed to the late Duke of Devonshire, who married 
his sole heir, and it is now held by the present Duke. 

The manor house was lately the property of Thomas 
King, Esq. deceased, by whom it was in a great measure 
rebuilt. The dean and chapter of St. Paul's had a grant 
of free warren in their manor of Sutton, 9 Edw. Il.ft 

Prebend al Manor. — The prebendal manor is so called, 
as being the corps of one of the prebends of "St. Paul's 
cathedral. The ancient survey before mentioned, describes 
it as containing two hides of land. 

The reserved rent, as received by the prebendary, is 

* Burrochae. 1- Reg. Dec. and Cap. lib. A. f. 35. 

♦ John Le Bray, of Sutton, is mentioned in a record, 45 Edw. III. See 
Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus. No. 4507, p. 121. 

§ 9 Edw. IV. m. 18. IT Court rolls of the manor. 

** Rent books and court rolls of the manor. 
H Cart. 9 Edw. II. No. 31. 

v2 



292 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

£39. 2s. 6d. In the year 15T0 (12 Eliz.) Gabriel Good- 
man being then prebendary of Chiswick, granted a lease 
of this manor, with the demesne lands, consisting of about 
one hundred and forty acres, for ninety-nine years, to 
William Walter and George Burden, in trust that they 
should within two years convey the same to the church of 
Westminster, of which the said Goodman was dean. The 
dean and chaper still hold it of the prebendary of Chiswick, 
under a lease for three lives. 

In 1649, this manor was valued at £177. 8d. exclusive 
of the reserved rent, was in the occupation of Arthur 
Duck, LL.D. as sub-lessee, and was sold soon afterwards 
as Church property, being discharged of the reserved 
rent, for the sum of £155. 5s. Sd. to William Angier and 
Edward Radden, on behalf of Richard Duck, of the 
county of Devon.* 

In 1691, Sir Stephen Fox was lessee of the manor under 
the Church of Westminster.! The lease was assigned by 
his son Stephen, about the year 1727, to Dr. Michael 
Hutchinson, and by some mesne assignments came to 
James Fry, Esq.* Dr. Michael Hutchinson appears to 
have held the manor till 1737 ; from that year till 1745, 
Mrs. Mary Daniel and Joseph Alstone, who probably 
were his heirs ; in 1745, Gauntlet Fry, Esq. ; in 1748, 
Susanna Sharpe, spinster, who devised it to James Fry 
above mentioned. 

The present lessee is Charles Welsted, Esq. and as such he 
is called lord of the manor, and holds an annual court baron. 
Lands within this manor descend to the youngest son. 



Manor Farm House, this house which was an academy 
in the occupation of the Rev. Dr. Home, is called in 
a survey dated 1725, the Manor Farm* House, and was 
then in the tenure of Lady Nevill. 

* Parliament. Surveys, Lamb. MS. Library. 

+ His name first occurs that year as lord of the manor, in the court rolls. 
I Stephen Fox was lord of the manor in 1726 ; and Dr. Michael Hutchinson 
in 1727- 



MANOR OF COLLEGE HOUSE. 293 

Manor of College House. — In Gabriel Goodman's 
lease above-mentioned, it is stipulated that the lessee should 
erect additional buildings adjoining to the Manor house, 
sufficient for the accommodation of one of the prebendaries 
of Westminster, the master of the school, the usher, forty 
boys, and proper attendants, who should retire thither in 
time of sickness, or at other seasons, when the dean and 
chapter should think proper.* 

To this day a piece of ground is reserved in the lease to 
the sub-lessee as a play place for the scholars, though it 
is not known that the school was ever removed to Chis- 
wick since Busby's time. It is on record that he resided 
here, with some of his scholars in 1657. f 

A few years ago, when this house was in the tenure of 
Robert Berry, Esq. the names of the celebrated Earl of 
Halifax, John Dryden, and many others were to be seen 
upon the walls. Bowack who wrote an account of Chis- 
wick in 1T06 says, that the house was then so decayed 
that it was wholly unfit for its intended use, and was patched 
up into small tenements for the labouring people of the 
town.J 

If his representation be accurate, it must have been 
rebuilt, or at least have undergone very considerable 
repairs, before the year 1725, when the College house 
was inhabited by Dr. John Friend, master of Westminster 

* Fuller is inaccurate when lie says that Dean Goodman purchased a house, 
with land thereunto belonging, for the use of Westminster school. " If these 
lands," says he, " at this day be not so properly employed as they were by 
the donor piously intended, it were safer to bemoan the sad effects, than to 
accuse the authors thereof." He adds, that " Goodman with his own hands 
planted a row of elms in his time, grown up to great height and beauty." — 
Worthies, b. iv. p. 35. Norden is more accurate than Fuller when he says, 
" Cheswicke, belonging to a prebend of Pauls, now in the hands of Dr. Good- 
man, dean of Westminster, where he hath a fair house, whereunto he with- 
draweth tbe schollers of the colledge of Westminster." — Spec. Brit. p. 17. 

+ " I was presently in all haste," says Bagshawe, in the narrative of his 
dispute with Busby, " in that hot and sickly season of the year, to be removed 
unto Westminster from Chiswick, where I had fixed my residence, and where, 
upon all removes of the college, the second master is by statute obliged to be." 
— p. 3 This was in the year 1657. There is mention of other removes of 
the college during the same year, p. 2. 

I Antiquities of Middlesex, p. -±8. 



294 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

school, and the prebendary's apartments by Dr. Broad- 
rick.* Dr. Nicholls was the last master who occasionally 
resided at the College house. Dr. Markham, the present 
archbishop of York, when master of Westminster school, 
rented the prebendary's lodgings of the dean and chapter. 
The whole being in a ruinous state, was let on a 
repairing lease in the year 1788, for which purpose a 
special license was obtained from the dean and chapter of 
St. Paul's, and the prebendary of Chiswick, pursuant to 
dean Goodman's injunctions, whereby the Church of 
Westminster is restrained from letting the mansion, or 
manor house for more than one year, without such license. 

* Survey of the manor, bearing date 172f). 



RECTORY AND VICARAGE. 295 






CHAPTER II. 

Rectory and Vicarage — Ancient Inventories of the Church of Cheswyk — 
Prebendaries — Value of the Vicarage — Parliamentary and Commonwealth 
Clergy — Vicars from 1662 — Church of St. Nicholas — Monuments and 
Inscriptions in the Church and Church Yard — Parochial Charities and 
Benefactions. 

Rectory and Vicarage. — The church is a vicarage in 
the patronage of the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, who 
are ordinaries of the place, it being exempt from the 
bishop's jurisdiction. 

In a survey of the churches and manors belonging to 
the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, taken about the year 
1245, the inquisition relating to this parish says, that the 
church of Sutton, meaning I suppose Chiswick, was in the 
demesne of the canons, who received from it ten shillings 
per annum by the hands of the lessee. It paid also thir- 
teen pence under the name of synodals. The lessee col- 
lected the peter's pence, which he received to his own use.* 

Ecclesia de Sutton: — est in domin canonicorum et 
red eis per man firmarii et solvit nomine sinodalium 13d. 
flrmarius colligit denarium sancti Petri et sibi retenit. 
Hab. hsec eccles. in dom. suo 16 J acras de ten* arab. in 
prato 1 acre liberas, et habet de dominio tertiam partem 
decimarium tarn in majoribus quam in minoribus similiter 
de dom. Scotlande Thesaurarii tertiam partem decima- 
rum et de duobus villatis totas decimas prseter fenum. 

* Cart. Antiq. Reg. D. et Cap. lib. iv. f. 82. 6. 



296 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

The glebe land belonging to the church was 16 J acres 
of arable, and one of meadow, all free land 

The church had also a third-part of the tithes both great 
and small, of the demesnes, and of the treasurer's demesnes, 
and all the tithes of both townships, except those of hay. 
In the reign of Hen. III. the dean and chapter, out of 
respect, it seems, to Gualo, the Pope's legate, granted a 
lease of the rectory of Chiswick to Tholomeus Romanus,* 
for thiee marks per annum. 

In 1327 it was rated at one hundred shillings ;f in the 
time of Edw. VI. at £404 

It appears by the survey of 1649 that the parsonage of 
Chiswick was then on lease to John Edgar, at £4 10s. per 
annum; and that it was valued at £55 4s. per annum, 
over and above the reserved rent.§ 

Another survey, taken in 1650, values the rectory at 
£100; it was then in the occupation of Mr. Chaloner 
Chute.«[j 

The rectory is now leased with the manor of Sutton 
Court, the reserved rent of both together being £43 per 
annum. 

At a visitation of the church of Chiswick, anno 1252, it 
appeared that the vicar received all the alterage,** and had 
a glebe of twelve acres of arable and one of meadow ; 
besides which, he was paid a mark of silver annually by 
the chamberlain. ff 

At a visitation, anno 1458,++ the vicar's glebe was com- 
puted at twenty acres, which he enjoyed for the purpose 
of finding a boy for the choir, to assist in the divine 
service. 

* Cart. Antiq. St. Paul's, No. 787. 

+ Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus. No. 60. 

J Chantry Roll, Augmentation Office. 

§ Parliament. Surveys, Lamb. MS. Liby. 

«J[ Parliamentary Survey, Lambeth MS. Lib. 

** Decreed by the Court of Exchequer, 21 Eliz. to comprehend all small 
tithes. 

H Peg. Dec. and Cap. lib. L. f. 137, 6. 

H See a thin book of Visitations of Churches, among the archives of St. 
Paul's cathedral. 



ANCIENT INVENTORIES. 297 



ANTIENT INVENTORIES OF THE GOODS 
AND ORNAMENTS OF THE CHURCH. 

Among the archives of the dean and chapter of St. 
Paul's, are two inventories of the goods and ornaments 
belonging to the church of Chiswick. 

The first bears date 1252, and may be thus translated : 

A good and sufficient missal sent from the treasury 
of St. Paul's. 

A tropery, in good condition, except that it wants 
binding.* 

An old legend with masses inserted in various places, 
for the use of the monks. f 

An antiphoner, in good condition, with the notes pro- 
perly marked. X 

A good and sufficient psalter. 

Item. — There is no manual. 

Item. — A silver chalice, small and of little value. 

A chesible of red velvet § with a handsome orfray, which 
was a rich border or fringe to a garment worked for the 
most part with gold and silver, called an orfray, or orfroy ; 
in Latin sometimes orfrea, and sometimes aurifrigium. 

Item. — Two sufficient gradales.^" 

* Tropium. — A tropery was a book of Sequences, Ducange defines Tropus- 
versus qui prtecipue festis cantatur ante introitum. 

t Lecconarium. — Mr. Lewis calls the Book of Lessons read at matins, the 
legend ; these lessons were sometimes taken out of the Scriptures, and some • 
times out of the Sermons and Homilies of the fathers, or the lives of the saints. 

I Antiphonarium. — A book containing antiphones, or anthems. 

§ Casula. — Mr. Lewis calls this a chesible, it differed from the principal 
vestment, or cope, by being shorter, and open on each side ; on the fore and 
hind part of it was a large cross. 

^ Gradalia, — so called from the gradales which were sung after the Epistle. 
— See Gutch's Collec. Curios, vol. ii. p. 108. An Account of Books, Vest- 
ments, and Utensils, used in Churches before the Beformation, by the 
Bev. John Lewis. 



£98 HISTORY OF CHISWTCK. 



Here follows a Second Inquisition of the ornaments and 
goods of Chisivick Church, dated anno 1458. 

A cope entire and well ornamented, another cope with 
a white chesible, thin and torn.* 

Two maniples and a stole. f 

Three corporasses.* 

Five consecrated altar cloths in good condition, one of 
them ornamented with silk.g 

A silk cloth of arest in good condition, given to the 
church, by one of the parishioners.^! 

And old Chrismatory.** 

A good and sufficient banner. 

Item. — There is no pix wherein to place the conse- 
crated host. 

Item. — Two brass candlessicks, and two of tin, and four 
tin vials. 

The font much out of repair and without a lock. 

The chancel out of repair, and the roof decaying. 

Item. — There is no collection for lights except a half- 
penny from each house for the pascal-taper ; it is ordered 
that a like collection be made for the rood light.f f 

* Or principal vestment, made close on both sides, and open only at top 
and bottom, generally of very rich materials. 

+ The Maniple was a slip of linen or silk embroidered with crosses, and 
fringed at one end, which the priest wore round his left arm. — Stole. A broad 
piece of white linen, or of silk, fringed at both ends, and sometimes embroid- 
ered with crosses, worn by the priest about his neck, and hanging down 
sometimes below his knees. 

+ Three Corporasses — Corporalia, so called, because it covered the water, 
i. e. according to the Roman Catholic tenets, the body of our Saviour. 

§ Palle altarii benedicte. 

^[ Du Cange gives some instances of cloth of arest occurring in Records, 
but does not define it ; perhaps the same as arras, so called from a town in 
Artois. 

** Chrismatory, a vessel for the consecrated oil. 

++ Rotella. — The only definition of this word in the Glossaries, is a little 
wheel, as a diminute from Rota. But as Du Cange defines rodella idem quod 
rotella, we may suppose that the latter was used also for the former, in which 
case it may be derived from roda, a word made from the Saxon rode — the rood 



ANCIENT INVENTORIES. 299 

Item. — John Belemeis then prebend of Chiswick, has 
half a mark towards the repairs of the chancel, left by 
Alexander, the late treasurer. 

Item. — The church has not been dedicated* 

©rnatmma tnbntta aputt ©fiesfoicfe die ScoW 

Johs. et Pauli. An Dom. 1252. 

Missale bonum et sufficiens missum ibidem de Thes. 
Sancti Pauli. 

Duo Graduale sufficiente. 

Un troprium sufficiens, male ligatum. 

Item — Vet. lib. lecconari, cum messa incerta per locis 
in usu monach. 

Item — Antiph. leccone sufficiens bene notat. 

Item — Psalterium bene et sufficiens. 

Item — Desit Manuale. 

Item — Calix argenteus parvus et parvi pretii inhibans. 

Item — Una casula de Sameto rubeo bene ornata auri 
fregio. 

Item — Vest, integ. institut paratis bene. 

Item — Al vest cum alba casula debili et rupta inti cum 
duplicis maniplis et Stol. 

Item — Tria corporalia bnda. 

Item — Quinque pallae Altaria benedicte, in integ. quo 
una habet parura de serico. 

Item — Pannus sericus de aresta qui quidem parochi- 
anus dedit eccles. integ. 

Item — Chrismatorium vetus. 

Item — Unum Vexillum bene et sufficiens. - 

Item — Nulla Pixis ad reponam Corp. Domini. 

Item — Dua candelabra eneae — et cluas candelab stagnea?. 

Item — Quatuor Phiale Stag. 

Item — Fons debil. et ruptus sine cera. 

or holy cross. Indeed, the sense here, and in the surveys of the other 
churches, in most of which it occurs, will allow of no other definition. It is 
well known that collections for the pascal and rood-light were made in almost 
every parish in England before the Reformation 

* Before the ensuing Inquisition was taken, ii had been dedicated to St, 
Nicholas. 



300 



HISTORY OF CIIISWICK. 



Item — Cancellum debile. et ruptum et cooptum male. 

Item — Ad luminare nichil collectem in collecta ad 
sereum paschalem sed cle quolibet domo obol. injunctum 
est parochianis simile collectam ad rotellam. 

Item — John de Belemeis dimid marc ad cancel, emend, 
de testament, quondam a Thesau. 

Item — Ecclesia non est dedicata. 

Item — Vicar habet tot Altaragium cmn 125 acr. terr. 
arab & 1 acr. prat. & 1. marc Argent, per man. camerarii. 

In the second Inquisition of the state of Chiswick 
church, dated anno. 1458, there is mentioned amongst 
the ornaments, a tablet of alabaster over the great altar, 
representing the death of our Saviour.* 

Two paintings representing the last judgment, and the 
five joys of the Virgin Mary. 

A vest of green silk with flowers of gold and white 
birds. 

Another vest of red silk with golden lions. 

A third vest of red bawdekyn, with flowers of gold, 
being the gift of William Dolman. f 

A vest of black sattyn, having orfrays of green silk, 
with white lilies. 

A green vest of brod alysaunder, with white roses* and 
two frontals.§ 

The chancel was represented as in very bad condition, 
and the charges of repairing it estimated at twenty marks. 

Complaint was made of " twenty-two elmys loppid and 
pollyd," near the road of the procession. 



* Tabula de Alabastro Tabula is said to mean sometimes a solid tablet, 
adorned with sculpture, and fastened to the altar. — Glossarium Media Lati- 
nitatis. 

f The richest kind of silk, wrought with tissue of gold, sometimes baw- 
dekyn, or baldekin, because as Du Cange says, brought from Baldaco, or 
Babylon. Minshew's says, Bawdekin, quia a meretricibus inventus, — Gloss. 
Med. Lett. 

+ Probably a species of cloth brought from Alexandria. 

§ A cloth to hang under the tapers. 



ANCIENT INVENTORIES. 301 

CTfiC iJl'SSSiK Of ©fiegtoefe*— We the Jury doo 
present and testyfy the goods, plate, ornaments, Jewells 
and bells, belongynge and apertayngnge to the Churche 
of Cheswek in the comptye of Myddlesex as well as wh 
in the Inventory takyn by the Kyngs Commessyoners as 
well as also the goods belongyng to the same Churches as 
apereth hereafter most playnly testyfyed by us the same 
Jury, the fyfth daye of Awgoost in the Yere of our Lord 
God a thousande fyve hundredthe fifty and two, and in 
the sexth yere of the Reygne of our Soveregn Lord Kynge 
Edwarde the sexte by the grace of God of Ingiand and 
Ierlande the supreme head Emedyately under God : — 

This Inventory made the tenth daye of March in the 
thyrde yere of the Regne of our moost dreade Sovereigne 
Kynge Edward the sexte by the Grace of God of Inglande 
Fraunce and Ierlande Kynge Defender of the faithe, and 
of England and Ierlande the supreme hede Emedyately 
under God of all such goods as ar in the Parysshe Churche 
of Cheswek in the comptye of Myddlesex. 



The Inventory e taken by the Kynges Commessyoners in the 
thurd yere of his moost gracyous reygne — 

BmprittUS* — Two challis of sylver parsel gylte weynge 

xxvi 11 
Item — A pyxe of latten.* 

Two latten candlestyks on the high aultor. 

A basen and ewer of latten for crystenvng. 

A crosse of copper and gylte. 

Three corporess cases 

A vestment of blew saten. 

* The curious observer will do well to ascertain when any brass, bearing 
traces of enamelled work comes under his notice, whether the metal employed 
in such cases be copper, or the usual kiud of brass anciently termed latten, a 
mixed yellow metal of exceedingly bard quality, and which appears to be the 
identical in composition with that now used, for making cocks for casks or 
cisterns, technically called cock brass. — Archccolog. Journal, Sept. 1844. p. 208. 



*30£ HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 

Item — A vestment of blue satin w th a redd crosse on the 

same. 
A" vestment of dark blew satyn of brydges w h a 

crosse of blew vellctt. 
Two vestments of blew satyn of brydges w th blew 

crosses. 
One vestment of damask of popingjay color why the, 

womens heds on the crosse thereof. 
One vestment of yellow flowers. 
One vestment of sylke full of whyte byrds. 
One vestment of murry chamblett with starres. 
One vestment of redd chamblett. 
One vestment of whyth fustyan w th redd spotts. 
One vestment of yelow sylke. 
One yelowe cope with lyons. 
One other yelowe cope w th pecokes feders. 

irtOittlft* — One cope of redd caffa w th yelowe lyons. 
One cope of grene w th flowers of redd. 
One cope of redd saye. 
One corse cope wyth grene flowers. 
One camary clothe of redd sylke. 
A hearse cloth of redd sylke. 
A hanging of yelowe sylke for the high aultor. 
In the steple fyve greate bels one of them beyinge 

a clock. 
A sacaryn bel. 
A hand bel. 



Goods belongyng and remaynynge in tkeprochc. 

BRASS AND PEWTER. 

Item — Two brass potts weyinge .... poundes. 

* Stolen — the people obtained iutelligence of the intended visit of the 
ecclesiastical commissioners, whose purpose was to remove the greater part of 
the trinkets, or implements used in those days of ignorance and superstition, 
and they broke into the churches and carried them off to preserve them ns 
relicts — Gutch, GoUcc. Curios, vol. ii. p. 17C. 



ANCIENT INVENTORIES. 



Item — A spytt. 

1111 pewter dyshes and a lyttlle basen weyinge 
xi pounde. 



STOWLN. 



All the lynynge of the churche, as Albes, sorplesses, 
aultor clothes, and all other lynynge stoyln out 
of the churche, and the church brokyn. 



Depts and Rerages dew to the same Churche 

li. s. d. 

Item — In the hands of John Thomas, one of the 
churchwardens, delyvered in to his 
hand ...... xi 

William Baldock beyinge warden dyd 
lend of the churche money to one 
William Sutton and unpayd . . vi viii 
John Good ..... xl 

And remayns in the boxe in the costody 
of the sayde wardens Willim Gyells 
and John Tursell . . . . x vii 

GOODS SOWED. 

Som of these depts and rerages* . . v xi iiii 

Prebendaries of Cms wick. In Newcourts' Reperto- 
rium may be seen a list of the prebendaries of Chiswick, 
among whom are Nigellus, Bishop of Ely, Richard Clifford, 
Bishop of London, Cardinal Moreton, Christopher Urswick, 
Bishop Bonner,, Bishop Barlow, and Bishop Beveridge.f 

The present prebendary is the Rev. J. Smith, M.A. 
vicar of Ealing. 

The prebendary of Chiswick hath the eighteenth state 
on the left side of the choir, and the corps of his prebend 
lies in this parish, and belongs to that manor, which toge- 

* Certificate of Church Goods in Middx. temp. Edw. VI. — Augment. Office. 
+ Vol. i. p. 138. 



304 HISTORY OF CHTSW1CK. 

ther with the mansion-house, and all the manors and 
messuages, lands, tenements, and rents, are left to the dean 
and chapter of Westminster, and hath been so ever since 
Queen Elizabeth's reign. 



Prebendarii. 

Edmundus ; Willelmus Decanus ; Nigellus Nepos 
Rogeri Sarum ; Ricardus de Amanville ; Ricardus The- 
saurarius ; Will. Coroner ; Rodolphus Held ; Alanus, 
Clericus Dom. Papee, Mn. III. ; John Belemus ; Will, de 
Bathonia ; Edm. de Bathonia ; Ric. de Gravesende ; Will, 
de Scothe ; Phil. Weston ; Will, de Wenlyngsburgh, 
Sen.; Will. Bryan, pr. 26 Sept. 1395; Ric. Clyfford 
Archid. Cant. 18. Apr. 1397; Ric. Clyfford, 21. Dec. 
1398; Joh. Nottingham; Tho. Poole, 20. Feb. 1418; 
Ric. Clifford, 19. Jun. 1419;— Will. Cleve; J. Colville, 
11. Nov. 1419; Hen. Sharp, L.D. 7. Apr. 1471; Robt. 
Neubald, L.B. 25. April, 1472; Joh. Morton, A.M. 29. 
Jun. 1478; Rob. Morton, A.M. 29, Jun. 1478; Ric. 
Sampson, L.D. ; Ric. Sandford, A.M. 31. Mar. 1534; 
E. Bonner ; E Moyle, d. 4. Sept. 1529 ; Gal. Goodman ; 
Will. Barlow, S. T. P. 1. Jul. 1601 ; Ric. Bayley, S. T. P. 
2. Maii, 1631 ; Ric. Perinchief, S. T. P. 2. Aug. 1667 ; Car. 
Smith, d. 9. Sep. 1673 ; Will. Beveridge, d. 22. Dec. 1674. 



THE VALUE OF THE VICARAGE. 

In the king's books this vicarage is valued at £9 18s. 4d. 
per annum; in the survey of 1649, at £53 18s. ; in that 
of 1650, at £58 ; in the latter survey is mentioned a glebe 
of twenty acres and a half. Patrick Seamer was then 
vicar,* having been presented by the parliament, after the 
sequestration of Mr. Packington. 

James Thompson, who was presented to the vicarage of 
Chiswick, Nov. 4, 1658, by William Steele and others, 

* Parliamentary Surveys, Lambeth MS. Liby. 



VALUE OF THE VICARAGE. 305 

procured an allowance of sixty pounds per annum, out of 
the impropriated tithes, April 27, 1660.* 

In 1649, the commissioners say that the present vicar, 
Mr. Patricke Seamer, is an able and honest preaching 
minister, presented by the parliament after the seques- 
tration and putting forth of Mr. Packington; there 
is a vicaridge house w ch is very much decayed, the 
barne thereunto belonging was very lately repayred by 
the present minister, and is lett unto William Simon, 
for three pounds the yeare. One and twenty e acres 
and a halfe of gleabe land belongying to the vicaridge 
ys valued at twenty e-seaven pounds pr annum, held 
by Beniamyn Holden ; the petty tythes valued att twenty 
five pounds p annum; the presentation of the minister 
formerly, as we are informed, was by the deane and 
chapter of Paules, London. The parsonage is in the 
hands and occupacyon of Mr. Challoner Chute. The 
value of the chiefe tythe is, as we are informed, one 
hundred pounds per annum, for what tearme, he the said 
Mr. Chute hath it in, wee cannot know.t 



We the Comm rs for approbacon of puhlique preachers and 
all others whom it may concerne. 

We William Steele etc the true and undoubted patrons 
of the vicarage of the psh church of Chiswick, become 
void by the death of the late incumbent or by any other 
wayes whatsoever, have nominated and presented James 
Thompson minister of the word to the said vicarage, and 
desire that the said James Thompson may be admitted to 
and reside in the said vicarage, and vested with all the 
rights, members, and appurtenances thereof which we doe 
hereby upon your admission graunt unto him, and that 
you would doe and fulfill all the other things requisite 
and necessary by you in this behalf to be done. Given 

* Minutes of the Commissioners' proceedings, Lambeth MS. Library, vol. 
xix. p. 137, 138. 

+ A Survey of Church Lands, Anno 1049. vol. i. p. 1^. Lambeth MS. Lib. 

X 



306 HISTORY OF CHISWIOK. 

under our hands and seales the 4th day of November, 
1658. 

James Thompson admitted the 19th day of November 
1658 to the vicarage of Chiswick in the county of Middle- 
sex upon a presentation exhibited the 17. day of the same 
month from the trustees for maintenance of ministers. 
The patrons and certificates from Richard Mayo of King- 
ston-upon-Thames. Thomas Willis of Twickenham, Ri. 
Hobhouse of Walton.* 

Mr. Thompson procured the allowance of sixty pounds 
per annum, out of the impropriated tithes, in consequence 
of the following mandate : — 

" Whereas the vicarage of the parish of Chiswick in the 
countie of Middlesex doth not exceede the yearly value 
of £40 and the lease of the impropriated tythes of Chiswick 
aforesaid, parcel of the possessions of the late deane and 
chapter of Pauls as lately appeared. It is ordered that 
the yearley summe of three score pounds bee graunted 
out of the rents and profitts of the said tithes, to and for 
encrease of such godly and painful preachers of the gospell, 
as shall from time to time be the settled ministers of ye 
said parish church, and duly to be paid to Mr. John 
Thompson present minister whereof, of whose godly con- 
versation, abilities and fitness for ye said place, the said 
trustees have good testimonie to hold for such times as he 
shall continue faithfully to discharge ye duty of the 
minister of the said place till farther ordered. And that 
Mr. Francis, churchwarden doe pay the same unto him as 
annexed to his vicarage according to act of parliament in 
jt behalfe.f " 

Thos. Thorowgood Io. Pocock. 

W. Skinner. Ri. Yonge. 

* Minutes of the Commissioners' proceedings, Lambeth MS. Library, vol. 
xix. p. 137. 

+ Minutes of the Commissioners' proceedings. Trustees for plundered 
Ministers, vol. xxxv. p. 144. Lambeth MS. Library. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE CHURCH. 307 

Bowack thus describes this church in 1705 : — cc This 
church we are well assured is very ancient, tho' after all 
our pains we cannot discover its founder or the time when 
it was built, therefore we must venture to give our con- 
jectures from the architecture of it, as we have done in 
other places. Upon a careful survey of the structure of 
this church, we find in it three or four distinct kinds of 
building, between every one of which by their different 
appearances there must have been a considerable interval. 
That which appears most ancient is the north wall, the 
lower parts of which we suppose to have continued ever 
since its first foundation. This is built with flint and 
chalk stones, and is of great thickness, though without any 
care or order, and seems of a piece with the buildings of 
the 12th or 13th century. We have further reason to 
believe it of such a standing, because there is a cup 
belonging to this church, used in the communion service, 
called St. Nicholas's cup, of a very antique form, which 
probably was dedicated to the said Saint with the church. 
But that which strengthens this conjecture is, the archi- 
tecture of the tower at the west end, which seems to be 
built at least 200 or 300 years since the foundation of the 
church, and we are assured is of about 300 years standing ; 
the founder dying in the year 1425, as appears by this 
inscription on a marble stone near the belfry : — 

' Mr. William Bordale, principal vicar of this church of 
Chiswick, was founder of the steeple of the same. He 
dyed in the year of our Lord mccccxxv. both of which 
appears in the brass of his tombstone in this church. This 
monument of this worthy benefactor, being by William 
Walker, his successor, happily preserved from being lost, 
is now in this stone commended to the lasting memory of 
posterity by the Eight Honourable and truly noble Lord, 
Francis, Lord Russell, Earl of Bedford, Anno Domini 

MDCXXX.' 

" The said plate referred to in this inscription is now in 
x2 



308 HTSTOllY OF CHTSWICK. 

being, and the inscription on it inserted in the collection 
following. 

" In some other parts of this church, the walls seem to be 
rebuilt almost from the foundation, and considerably raised 
in several places, as also alterations in the windows, which 
seems to be done about 150 years ago ; but that which is 
most modern, is the south aisle, a handsome brick building, 
carried a considerable way from the body of the church 
towards the south, built from the ground by the parishi- 
oners in the years 1649-50 and 51 (the south side of the 
church, being then in a shattered condition, and the con- 
gregation much augmented), and cost them, with some 
other repairs £279. These are all the alterations and 
repairs we can discover in this church, except some repairs 
of the chancel, by the Right Honourable Thomas, Earl of 
Falconberg, in the year 1694, by virtue of his lease from 
the dean and chapter of St. Paul's." 

" It may not be improper here to add, that some few 
years after repairing the church, the parishioners likewise 
liberally contributed towards the rebuilding of the Par- 
sonage house, which was in a very shattered condition ; 
and in the year 1658, the old one was pulled down, and 
a new one erected, built of brick, very handsome and 
commodious, the parish rate for this was £260. Also, in 
the year 1698, the house being out of repair and wanting 
several conveniences, it was repaired, beautified, and 
had some additional buildings added, which cost in all 
£56. 16s. Several of the honourable and eminent inha- 
bitants contributing very largely, particularly that worthy 
gentleman Sir Stephen Fox, who also at his own charge 
has built a spacious barn of brick near adjoining, for the 
use of the vicar, which cost him £40." 

Thomas Elborough who was collated to this vicarage in 
1662, published an Exposition of the Common Prayer, in two 
books. He was an intimate friend of John Barwick, who 
was made dean of St. Paul's, by Charles the Second, for his 
loyalty and sufferings during the civil war. Dr. Barwick 
in the latter part of his life, frequently retired to his 
friend's house at Chiswick. 



\ 



) 




(CSnigWKCIE. (DHWIBOHc 




HEJR Tm®M&8> (SHAMMERS MOTTCIIIOTT, JKBdDfi, 



LIST OF VICARS. 309 



1483. William Bordale * 
James Thompson. 
1662, Sept. 26. Thomas Elborough, resig. 
1675, April 15. Samuel Turner, M.A. death. 
1678, Feb. 20. Jacob Ellesby, M.A. death. 
1716, Mar. 26. Thomas Wood, resig. Ellesby. 
1732, Dec. 5. Thomas Spateman, M.A. death. 
1761, Jan. 26. Arthur Cohan, M.A. death. 
1781, Mar. 30. James Trebeck, by cession. 

1808, Dec. 1. Thomas Hughes, D.D. death. 

1809, Aug. 16. John Pretyman, B.A. resig. 
1811, Mar. 26. Thomas Frere Bowerbank, M.A. 

by cession. 









This church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, who was 
believed by our Saxon ancestors to be propitious to mari- 
ners, merchants, and fishermen, and we therefore find 
many sacred edifices upon the sea coast adjoining great 
rivers, put under his protection. 

The present structure appears to have consisted origi- 
nally only of a nave and chancel, and was built probably 
about the beginning of the fifteenth century, at which time 
the tower was erected at the charge of W. Bordall, vicar 
of Chiswick, who died in 1435, as appears by an inscrip- 
tion on a tablet placed against the west wall of the nave 
of the church. 

There are six bells in the steeple, five of which bear 
date anno 1656. The sixth bell, or tenor, is thus inscribed, 
"Thomas Mears, founder, London : this bell* was cast 
December 1843, in lieu of the former tenor which had 
been broken and useless many years." 

The church clock was made by Twaites, of Clerkenwell, 
anno 1814. 

The tower, which is built of stone and flint, is eighty feet 

* Besides the above named William Bordale I can give no further account 
of the Vicars of the church, because some of the Records of the dean and 
chapter were burnt — but of such as were admitted since the restoration. — 
Neivcourfs Repertorium, vol. i. p. 500. 



310 



HISTORY OF CHI S WICK. 



high, and the spire and vane is twenty-eight feet high, and 
is crowned with a figure of St. Nicholas, the patron saint. 
The chancel is the only part of the old church now 
remaining, and is built with stone and flint. 

The Interior of the Church. — The interior of the 
church presents a handsome and uniform appearance : 
at the last general repairs in the year 1818, the galleries 
were enlarged, and the whole was painted to resemble 
wainscot. The south aisle and gallery were built 
by voluntary subscriptions in 1772, and the north 
aisle and gallery were built by voluntary subscriptions, 
in 1817. The pulpit is judiciously placed against the 
east wall of the nave, it is octagonal and painted uniform. 
On Sundays it is covered with crimson velvet and gold 
fringe. 

The church is lighted by twelve windows, placed in the 
north and south aisles, and at the west and east ends of the 
nave. The body of the church is fifty-eight feet long from 
east to west, and sixty -five feet wide from north to south. 

The chancel is lighted by a large gothic window at the 
east end, one circular headed window on the south side, 
and two on the north side; it projects easterly from the 
body of the church to which it is connected by a gothic 
arch. It is thirty feet long, by fifteen feet wide. On 
the north side is the Duke of Devonshire's family pew, 
which he occupies as lord of the manor of Sutton. 

Over the communion table is painted the credence table 
in four divisions. 

The parochial charities and benefactions are painted in 
gilt letters on the front panels of the galleries. The organ 
is placed as usual over the west gallery. 

The present organ was first opened on Sunday, April 9th, 
1797, with the overture and chorus from Solomon, which 
was sung by Mr. Braham. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 311 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 

Tendimus hue omnes, metam properamus ad imam, 
Omnia sub leges mors vocat atra suas. — Ovid ad Liviam. 

The transition from the fabric of the Church to the tomb is 
easy and natural, and the reader must expect little more 
in the following pages than a transcription of epitaphs. In 
a parochial history a list of this kind cannot be without 
interest, since there must be a pleasing sensation in the 
recollection of departed friends. Whilst we see around 
us the memorials of those whom we once loved, or at least 
those whom we once knew, we cannot but indulge a few 
moments of serious thought, and profit by the prospect. 

The tomb of a good man supplies the want of his pre- 
sence, and veneration for his memory produces the same 
effect as the observation of his life.* 

On the south wall of the chancel is the monument of Sir 
Thomas Chaloner, composed of red veined marble, repre- 
senting a tent sort of architectural design, the upper part 
projecting in a semicircular form, with an entablature of 
the doric order, on the metopes of which are displayed 
two coats of arms. Over this is a pediment, in the front of 
which is another coat of arms ; on the apex of the pedi- 
ment stands a figure of fame with a trumpet in each hand. 
On the entablature, supported by two angels' heads, stand 
two figures in coats of mail, with duck trowsers, military 
boots, black beards, black hair, faces and hands coloured 
flesh, who drawing aside the curtains, shew the figures 
of a man and a woman kneeling before an altar, on which 
is a skull with this inscription : — 

Here lieth the bodey of Sir Thomas Chaloner, who was Knighted 

In the warres of France by King Henry the Fourthe, a« 1591, and 

After governor in the minority, and chamberlayne to the late prince 

Of famous memory, Henry Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornval, 

And Earle of Chester. He married to his first wife, Elizabeth, 

Daughter to William Fleetwood, Serjeant at Lawe, to Q. Eliz. 

* Dr. Johnson's Essay on Epitaphs. 



312 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

And Recorder of London, by whom he had yssue, Thomas, decea. ; 

Willia; Arthur, decea. ; James, Elizabeth, decea.; Mary, wiffe 

To Sir Edward Fisher, Knight; Elizabeth, and Dorothy, and 

Died the 22 d of June ao 100:3, aged 35 yeares : and to his 

Second wife he married Jude, the daughter of Will. Blunt, 

Of London, Esquier, by whom he had also yssue, Henry, Charles, 

Frederick and Arthure ; Anne, Katharine, and Francis, 

And she decea. the 30th day of June, ao 1615, aged 36 yeares, 

And the aforesayd Sir Tho. Chaloner, died ye 18th day 

Of November, 1615, beinge of ye age of 51 yeares. 

An. Dom. 1721. In gratefull remembrance of his honourable ancestor, this 
monument was repaired at the charge of Edward Chaloner, of Gisbrough, in 
Com. Ebor. Esqre. 

Arms. — Sab. a chevron between three cherubim, or, for Chaloner of Gisbrough, 
quartering 1 arg. a cross flory engrailed sab. between, for Cornish, choughs for 
Ithell. 2. arg. a chevron vert between 3 wolves' heads erased arg. 3. Sab. 
between 3 fleurs-de-lis arg. Chaloner impaling per pale nebuly az. and or, 
6 martlets in pale, counterchanged for Fleetwood. Chaloner impaling arg. 
2 bars, az. an escarbuncle of eight staves, for Bluut. 

This Sir Thomas was the son of Sir Thomas Chaloner, 
the elder, a very eminent person in the reign of Queen 
Elizabeth, and he seems to have inherited a great portion 
of his father's accomplishments. He was particularly 
attached to the study of natural history, which led him to 
the discovery of the first alum-mines which had been 
known in this kingdom, and which he found near Gis- 
brough, in Yorkshire. The method of preparing the alum 
he is said to have brought from Italy. These mines, with 
others that have been discovered, were afterwards seized 
by the crown, and became so valuable, that Sir Paul 
Pindar rented them at £4,740. per annum ; and as Fuller 
says, did not complain of his bargain. The mines lay 
neglected for many years, but are now worked, and the 
produce sent both to the London market and to foreign 
parts. Sir Thomas Chaloner wrote a Treatise on the 
Virtues of Nitre, and " others matters (says Wood,) per- 
taining to virtuosity, and some things as it seems to 
Pastoral ; but whether extant I cannot tell." 

Puttenham compares " Maister Chaloner for Eclogue 
and Pastorale Poesie to Sir T. Sydney, and the gentleman 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 313 

who wrote the Shepherd's Calendar, all of whom" says he, 
" deserve the highest price."* 

William, his eldest son, was created a baronet by James 
the First, anno 1620. Edward, who was born at Chiswick, 
entered into holy orders, and published several Sermons, 
and a work entituled, " the Authority, Universality, and 
Visibility of the Church," 4to. 1625. He died of the 
plague, at Oxford. James, disgusted by the seizure of the 
alum mines, took a very active part against Charles the 
First, and sat on his trial. At the restoration, messengers 
being sent to arrest him, he took poison. He was the 
author of a short Treatise on the Isle of Man, appended 
to King's Vale Royal, of Cheshire. Thomas signed the 
warrant for the King's execution, which occasioned him 
to be excepted out of the act of oblivion. He retired to 
Holland, and died at Middleburgh, in 1661. He wrote, 
among other things, a pretended discovery of the tomb of 
Moses. 

Fuller says, Sir Thomas Chaloner (tutor, rather gover- 
nor, as I take it, to Prince Henry,) not long ago built a 
spacious house within a close of Clerkenwell Priory, upon 
the frontispiece whereof these verses were inserted, not 
unworthy of remembrance. f 

Cliast faitli still stayes beliinde, though hence be flown 

Those veyled nuns, who here before did reste ; 
For revend marriage, wedlock vows doth own, 

And sacred flames keeps here in loyal brest. 

Presuming that the original verse was written by the 
younger Chaloner, we may regard it as an ingenious com- 
pliment to his first wife, who was the daughter of Fleet- 
wood, the celebrated recorder of London, in Queen Eliza- 
beth's reign. The following lines inscribed on a sun-dial 
within the precincts of the Nunnery, is ascribed to the 
elder Chaloner. 

" Non aliter pereo species quani futilis umbree." 

The fleeting shade describes its day and mine, 
For life and light by the same steps decline. 

* Fuller's Worthies, Yorkshire, p. 180. Art of Poetry, p. 51. Wood's 
Athen. Oxon. vol. i. Biog. Britan. art. Chaloner in the notes. 
+ Church Hist. Book vi. p. "278. London, 1665. 



314 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

On the same wall, an elegant marble monument with a 
pyramid, and a female figure reclining on three coffins 
under a weeping willow tree — 

In a vault beneath this church 

Are deposited the remains of 

William M'Tavish, 

Who died in his 22nd year, at Strand-on-the-Green, 

On the 4th of May, 1818. 

Ann M'Tavish, 

Who departed this life at Bridport, on the 22nd of May, 1819, 

In her 20th year. 

And Mary Pasley, sister of the above, 

Who died in her 22nd year, at Sidmouth, 

On the 9th of June, 1819. 

On a small tablet underneath the above — 

Simon M'Tavish, Esq. 

Fourth and last child of Simon M'Tavish, Esq. 

Died at Eamsgate, 9th of October, 1828, 

Aged 25 years. 

Quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus 
Tarn cari capitis ? 

On a handsome marble tablet surmounted with a bust — 

Thomas Bentley, 

Born at Scrampton, in Denbighshire, January 1st, 1730. 

He married Hannah Oates, of Chesterfield, in the year 1754, 

Mary Stamford, of Derby, in the year 1772, 

Who survived to mourn her loss. 

He died November 26th, 1780. 

Blessed with an elevated and comprehensive understanding, 

Informed in a variety of sciences. 

He possessed 

A warm and brilliant imagination, 

A pure and elegant taste. 

His extensive abilities 

Guided by the most expanded philantrophy, 

Were employed 

In forming and executing plans for the public good. 

He thought 

With the freedom of a philosopher. 

He acted 

With the integrity of a virtuous citizen. 

He was partner with Mr. Josiah Wedgewood in the celebrated Staffordshire 
manufacture, and being possessed of an elegant taste, furnished man; of the 
beautiful designs for that ware. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 315 

On the south wall of the chancel — 

Sacred 

To the Memory of 

John Thompson, Esq. who died Sept. 16, 1807, aged 68 ; 

And of Judith Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the above John Thompson, who 

died October, 1814, 

Aged 43 years. 



On the same wall is this monument, curious for the 
quaintness of the epitaph. On each side is a pilaster 
formed of books, with clasps in the old manner, and 
placed alternately with backs and front leaves outer- 
most. The pillars support a cornice, on which is placed 
a coat of arms between what has been once intended for 
pine apples. In the lowest part of the monument, is 
another coat of arms, with a scroll on each side, which 
displays " Law will I mark, will, and walke aright." 

Sibi vivens. et Mariee Uxori charissimae optase 

Mortuae (ne quos vivus amor et Felix concordia 

Conjunxit, mors ipsa divideret tumulo hie uxoris 

C'ineres expectant viri ut quod,) vivis non licuit din 

Qui unanimes fuissent semp una esse possint in 

Terra usque du in coelis Deus sit omnia in omnibus 

Wills. Walkerus hujus Ecclesiae Pastor indignus 

Quod nollet, id volens posuit, quin sibi, quoqu 

Conjugique suae secundae marthae Filiae, 

Clarissimi domini D. Johannis Allot Eqvitis 

aurati, et Praetoris olim Londinensis ; Deo 

Annuente designat. 

Maria Walker, daughter of yt venerable divine, 
Mr. Robert Kay, who honoured his pfession and profited 

Y e people of Ware in Hertfordshire with his fruitfull 

preaching and holy life for above ix yeares, and ye wife of 

William Walker, ye pastor of this Pish, was a singular 

Sampler, of true piety, virtue, goodnes endowed wth 

much beauty of body, and more of mind. She left 2 

sons, Francis & Theophilus, and 4 daughters, Mary, Faith, 

Anne, Elizabeth Walker. She lived beloved, and dyed 

desired of all, and living daily dying, did dying come to live 

eternally. She finished ye last act of her mortification 

On earth by death, and entered into true life in heaven, 

Feb. 21. A. D. mdcxix. 

Law will I mark, will, and walk aright. 



316 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



Arms: — Arms almost obliterated, were arg. on a chevron sab. between 3 pel- 
lets, as many crescents of the Field for Walker quartering arg. a milrind sab. 
and impaling arg. 2 bendlets sab. for Kay. There was also the coat of Walker 
impaling arg. on a bend sab. between 2 pellets a demi lion rampart of the field, 
for Allot, the name of his second wife who is mentioned in the Epitaph. 

Near the preceding — 

Here before lyeth buryed the body of Anne Barker, 

Of Chiswick, widowe, daughter to Lawrence 

Stoughton, of Stoughton, in Surry, Esq. first married 

To Richard Maxey, of Salinge, in the county 

Of Essex, Esq. by whom she had one sonne, and 

Five daughters, and having lived his wife 

And widow fifty and five years, departed 

This life the fourteenth of May, in the threescore 

And nineteenth year of her age, anno domini 1607. 

Non violenta rapit te mors sed tempore pleno 

Plena annis, meritis plenior Anna cadis 

Utque annis absumpta cadis sic surgis in altum 

Et vivas meritis non moritura tuis 

Hie igitur placide faglix anus, ossa quiescant 

Laus inter vivos mens super astra volat. 

Arms : — Barker as before, impaling az. a cross engrailed erm, for Stoughton. 
Anne Barker was daughter of Lawrence Stoughton, Esq. of the county of 
Surry. 

On the east wall of the chancel — 

Here lyeth buried ye body of Thomas Barker, of Cheswyke, Esq. one 

Of His Maj tes justices of ye peace for ye county of Midd* 

And bencher of ye honble societie of the Middle Temple, London, sonne 

Of William Barker, of Sunninge, in ye county of Barks Esq. and 

Anne his wife, whose body lyeth also here bvried. 

He married Marye ye daughter of Valentine Saunders, Esq. one of six 

Clerks of His Majtes high court of Chancery, by whom hee 

Left three sonnes and five daughters. Hee lived a faithful member of 

God's church, an honour to his house and familye, a father to ye 

poore, learned in his profession, beloved of his neighbors, 

And full of d ayes and good workes, departed this life, and changed his 

abode here for a perpetual mansion, not made with handes, 

but eternal in ye heavens. Upon ye third of April in 

the threescore and fyfte yeare of his age, an. dni. 1G30. 

Arms : — Quarterly 1 and 4. per chevron engrailed or. and sab. a lion rampant 
counterchanged ; 2 and 3 arg. 3 spears in pale and a chief sable ; the spears 
headed on the chief; arg. for Barker, impaling per chevron sab. and arg. 
3 elephants' heads erased and counterchanged for Saunders. 

Thomas Barker married the daughter of Valentine Saunders, Esq. 






MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 317 

Near the communion table on the north side, is the 
following inscription, on an old tablet — 

Here before lyetli buried ye bodies of Cbidioke Wardour, 

Esqieur, who served the state in the time of the late Queen 

Elizabeth of famous memory, and ye most renowned 

Kinge James that now is, by the space of forty-two years 

In the office of Lo Treasorers Clerke, writer of the 

records of the Pelles of Introitus and exitus who 

dyed ye xiiii day of September, an. dni. 1611. 

And of Mary Becher, wife of the said Chidioke Wardour, 

daughter unto that worthy gentleman Henry 

Becher, late alderman of the famous city of London, 

who dyed the 15th day of September, 1600. Which said Childioke 

and Mary had issue one sonne, named Edward, 

and three daughters, whereof the eldest, named Jane, 

and ye youngest, named Ursula, died young, but the 

second named Elizabeth, after she had bin married 

by the space often years unto Sir Stephen Lestieur, Knt. 

Now ambassador from ye King's Majesty unto 

Mathias ye II. elected emperor of ye Komans, 

By whom shee had issue two sonnes, Edward and Stephen, 

who both dyed infantes. She also dyed ye first day of 

April, 1606, and lyetli here buryed. 

As also ye body of Edward Wardour, eldest son of Edward 

ye sonne of ye said Chidioke and Mary, who dyed \ 

the xith day of March, 1605. In happy memory of all which (vizt) his 

father, mother, sister, and sonne, Edward Wardour, hath dedicated this 

monument 

this (first day of November, 1612, not doubting but) that all their souls do 

rest happily 

In the kingdome of heaven, where he doth assuredly hope he shall 

see them face to face, 

And also be made an heire of the same kingdom, through the only merites and 

mercies of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. 

Against the north wall of the chancel on a monument 
in the form of a pyramid with a bust in front, on a medal- 
lion — 

If talents 

To make entertainment instruction 

to support the credit of the stage 

by just and manly action, 

if to adorn society 

by virtues 

which would honour any rank and profession 

deserved remembrance ; 

let him with whom these talents 

were long exerted, 

to whom these virtues were well known, 



318 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

and by whom the loss of them will be long lamented, 

hear testimony to the worth and abilities 

of his departed friend. 

Charles Holland 

was born Mareh 12, 1733, 

dy'd Dec. 7, 1709, 

and was buried near this place. 

D. Garrick.* 

On the north wall of the chancel, on a marble tablet — 

To the memory of Mr. John Forbes, A.L.S. 

A botanical collector in the service of the horticultural society of London, 

Who died at Senna, 

On the Zambazee river, in Eastern Africa, 

In the month of August, 1823, 

In the 22nd year of his age. 

This tablet is erected by the council of the society, 

In testimony of their entire approbation of his conduct 

while on their service, and of their deep regret 

at the untimely death of a naturalist of so much enterprise and promise. 

Over the north door of the chancel, on a plain marble 
tablet — 

Sacred to the memory 

Of her Grace Charlotte, Duchess of Somerset, 

Daughter to Daniel Finch, second Earl of Nottingham, 

and wife to Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset, 

by whom she had two daughters, 

The Lady Frances, married to John, Marquis of Granby, 

and Lady Charlotte to Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford. 

Thus distinguished by her noble birth and connections, 

She added lustre to both, 

by the invariable rectitude of her conduct, 

the unaffected simplicity of her manners, 

the uniform practice of every virtue, 

and the purity of a long and exemplary life, 

on the 21st day of January, 1773, at the age of eighty years. 

She expired in the arms of her family, 

who had long been instructed by her precepts, 

as was the world by her example. 



Peace to this urn, for to its charge is given, 
All that was mortal of a saint in heaven. 

The Duchess of Somerset resided at Sutton Court. 

* Mr. Charles Holland died also this year. He was a performer of consi- 
derable talents and great attainments, and if not originally excellent, was one of 
the best copies of excellence. — KirkmatCs Life of Macklln, vol. ii. p. 31. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 319 

On the south wall of the chancel, on a marble tablet — 

This tablet 

Is erected by 

W. S. Penderleath, Esq. 

To the Memory of 

Margaret, 

His beloved wife, 

Who died at Dover, on the 

22nd day of September, 1833, 

Aged 58. 

And lies interred 

In a vault in this church. 



And now Lord what wait I for ? 
My hope is in Thee. — Psalm xxxix. 7. 

On the floor of the chancel pavement — 

Here lyeth interred 

The corps of Mary Bitcott, daughter of John Bitcott, Esq. 

Pensioner unto our gracious Queene Elizabeth, 

And wyfe unto Richard Barker, of Sunning, Esq. 

And with her Jeane Barker her vth child, of whom she died in 

Child bed, and at her death leaving a sonne, and daughter living, 

She dyed the vnth day of November, whose soul assuredly resteth 

With the Lord, and her bodie upon that sudden occasion buried 

the ixth day Anno Domini m.dxcix. 

Et regni Reginae Elizabeths quadragessimo primo. 

Marcus Antonius La Bastide De Crosat 

Obiit Quarto Martii, 1704. 

This gentleman was secretary to the Marquis Rovigny, ambassador from the 

King of France to Oliver Cromwell.* 

The following inscription is near the church-rails — 

Here lyeth interred the body of Mr. Thomas Elborrow, late Vicar of Chis- 
wick. He departed this life the seventh of April, 1675, aged fifty-four years. 

Having thus described the monuments within this 
ancient and beautiful chancel, we now enter the nave or 
body of the church. The word nave or naf is Saxon, and 
signifies properly the middle of a wheel, and is thence 
transferred to signify the body or middle of the church. 

* See Bowack's Antiquities of Middlesex, p. 25, London, 1705. 



3£Q HISTORY OF CHTSWTCK. 

The two following inscriptions arc mentioned by Weever. 

©rate pro mxinm /ttat?)tl&ig g>alb)cgne uxovte 
&icl)aviJt Salbcgne JWiUtts ®f)isauser 3EccU 
que o6* 1432. 

In the middle aisle on a very old brass plate, now in 
the hands of the churchwardens ; the impression of which 
is visible upon an old stone, to which it belonged, is the 
following inscription : — 

Htfc lacet aHiUtug 25orOaU ^rtndpalis 
YTimii fwjug talk tt funitatur campanilte 
efusft* ®ut ofiu't xvto.&f* mtm. ©ctoft anno* 
Wnu mccccxxxv. cujug ale piopctietur ©ens* 

Weever has the following passage when speaking of 
inscribed grave stones in church pavements. " Many 
monuments are covered with seats or pews, made high 
or easie for parishioners to sit or sleep in, a fashion of 
no long continuance and worthy of reformation.! Pews, 
however, appear to have been introduced much earlier 
than Weever's time ; for Stow, in his account of the 
" faire and beautiful" church of St. Andrew Undershaft, 
which " hath beene new builded by the parishioners there, 
since the year 1520, every man putting to his helping 
hand, some of their purses, others with their bodies," 
states that Stephen Jennings, some time lord mayor of 
London, (besides erecting all the northern half) had the 
whole of the south church glazed, and the pewes in the 
south chappell made of his costs, as appeareth in every 
window, and upon the said pewes. J 

The Pulpit. — The ambo Avas what we now call the 
reading desk, a place made on purpose for the reader and 
singers, and such of the clergy as ministered in the first 
service called Missa Cathecumenorum. It had the name 

* Weever's Funeral Monuments, p. 165. London. 1681. 

+ Fun. Mon. p. 701, Lond. 1631. % Survey of London, p. 284. Lond. 1618. 




Willius Bordall, Principalis Vicarii Hujus Ecclie. 
Qui obiit Anno Domini MCCCCXXXV. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 321 

of Ambo, not as Walafridus Strabo imagines, " ab ambi- 
endo," because it surrounded them that were in it; but 
from anabainein, because it was a place of eminency, to 
which they went up by degrees by steps. The bishops 
did not anciently use to preach from the Ambo, but more 
commonly from the rising steps of the altar, as Valesius 
shews that this custom continued in France to the time of 
King Childebert;* and, therefore, both Socrates and 
Sozomen seem to speak of Chrysostom's preaching in the 
ambo as an unusual thing ; but he did so for conveniency, 
Socrates says, that he might be the better heard by the 
people. We cannot therefore conclude that the ambo 
was the ordinary place of preaching, but rather the altar. 

Organ — The present organ was opened on Sunday, 
April 9th, 1797, with the Overture and Chorus from 
" Solomon," which was sung by the celebrated Mr. 
Braham. 

Near the pulpit is a small and delicate mural monument 
ornamented with a figure of Faith, by Westmacott, with 
this inscription — 

Near this spot are interred the bodies of 

The Reverend James Trebeck, M.A. 

Twenty-eight years vicar of this parish, 

Who died July 1, 1808, aged 80. 

And Mary his beloved wife who died December, 1, 1805. 

Aged 75. 

They delivered the poor that cried, and the 

Fatherless, and him that had none to help him. 

If there was any virtue, if there was any 

Praise, they thought on these things. 

On the east wall of the south aisle on a marble tablet — 

Near this spot in one grave lie the remains of 

Augustus E. Brande, Esq. M.D. 

Born 16th December, 1746. Died 27th January, 1834. 

Anne his widow, 

Born 22nd October, 1753. Died 3rd July, 1837, 

* Valois, Hist, de France, torn. i. p. 62. Socrat. Hist. Eccl. lib. vi. c. 5. 
Sozomen Hist. Eccl. lib. vii. c. v. Bingham, lib. viii. c. 5. p. 4. Durand. lib. 
iii. De Evang. p. 77. Spelman, Glos. Voc. Ambo. 

Y 



322 HISTORY OF CTIISWICK. 

And of Anna Frederica Kramer, 

Bom 27th May, 1755. Died 10th March, 1836, 

Many years inhabitants of this parish. 

Also of Thomas Thomas, Esq. M.D. 

Of Charles Street, St. James's Square, London, 

Born 21st December, 1750. Died 17th November, 1838 

And of Augusta, widow of Capt. Jno. Lambe, 

Formerly commander of the Melville Castle, 

Honble. East India Company's Service, 
Born 3rd July, 1762. Died 27th April, 1839. 



On the wall of the south aisle, a handsome marble 
tablet is thus inscribed : — 



Sacred to the Memory of 

Simon Cock, Esquire, 

Of this parish, 

Endowed with talents of the highest class, 

With an elevated and energetic mind, 

He filled various appointments of honour and respectability ; 

His opinion was frequently sought 

On questions of commercial importance, and occasionally 

Upon public measures under consideration of Parliament. 

Attentive to the performance of all the social duties 

In his comprehensive benevolence, 

He was ever ready to relieve the wants, or advance the prosperity 

Of all those who desired or needed his aid. 

He was thus justly endeared to a large circle of friends, 

Afflicted by illness of long duration 

Which he bore with the utmost cheerfulness. 

He departed this life on the 23rd of March, 1837, 

In the 63rd year of his age. 

A few of the friends of Simon Cock have erected this monument 

To record their sense of his public and private worth. 

" Be vigilant." Peter, 5th ch. 8th v. 



On a small tablet adjoining — 

In a vault under this church, lies the body of Charles Whittingham, late of 
this parish, Printer; who attained considerable eminence in his art, parti- 
cularly in the printing of wood engravings. He was born at Calledon, in the 
county of Harwick, 16th of June, 1767, and died at Chiswick, 15th January, 
1840, aged 73 years. 

In the same vault lies buried Mary, wife of the above ; also, Rebecca 
Whittingham, his sister. 






MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 323 

On a tablet is thus inscribed near the preceding — 

Sacred to the Memory of 

Henry Robins, Esq. of the Great Piazza, Covent Garden, London, 

Who departed this life the 15th of September, 1821, aged 68 years, 

Whose mortal remains are deposited in a vault beneath this tablet. 

Also, of Ann his wife, who died July 2, 1820, aged 74 years. 

Also, of James their son, who died January 19th, 1815, 

In the 33rd year of his age. 

In the vault beneath are deposited the mortal remains of 

Tabitha, wife of Mr. George Robins, of Covent Garden, and 

Turnham Green, who departed this life the 19th of December, 1828, aged 51. 

By nature grac'd, by smiling fortune deckt 
With all that conquers love and wins respect; 
An honoured friend, a dear and cherished wife, 

Blest as a poet's vision seemed thy life; 
But, when disease had dimmed that radiant eye, 

When closed was that long lingering agony ; 

A nobler blessing crowned thy parting breath, 

The holy triumph of a Christian's death. 



On an adjoining tablet — 

Beneath in a vault 
Lieth the body of Miss Grace Maria Robins, 

Daughter of Henry and Ann Robins, 
Who died September 15, 1796, aged 16 years. 

Whose lovely form by studious care refined, 
Contained that precious pearl, an upright mind : 
Her parent's hope, but righteous providence 
They trust, for better life, soon took her hence. 

Also, the body of her sister, 

Miss Catherine Robins, 

Who died Feb. 20th, 1802, aged 19 years. 



On a tablet — 

Sacred to the Memory 

Of Mrs. Elizabeth Pratt, of Little Sutton, 

Whose remains lie near this place, 

Died the 28th April, 1806, 

Aged 82 years. 



Thy will be done. 
Y 2 



HISTORY OF CHIS WICK, 

On a tablet — 

Near this place 

are 

Deposited the remains of 

Thomas King King, Esqre- and Juliana his wife, 

The former died 28th April, 1800, aged 75. 

The latter on the 16th of July. 1815, aged 85. 

This venerable couple 

Many years inhabitants of this parish, 

were 

Benevolent, charitable, and devout, 

Kind neighbours, and sincere friends. 

In the north aisle east end, a marble monument with 
arms — 

In a vault under this marble 

Lie interred the remains of 

The Honourable Thomas Walpole, 

Secend son of Horatio, 1st Lord Walpole, 

Of Wotterton, in the county of Norfolk, 

Born 6th October, 1727, died 21st March, 1803. 

Also, those of Ins eldest daughter, 

Catherine Mary Walpole, 

Born 8th July, 1756, died 2d June, 1816. 

This marble is placed by order of 

His youngest daughter, 

Elizabeth Walpole. 

A marble monument, with arms — 

Near this place lies the body 

Of Charles Barnwell, Esq. 

Was born February 10th, 1695, 

And died the 30th of May, 1739. 

Arms : — Arg. a field and river proper, a stag drinking. 

On the west wall, on a tablet — • 

To the Memory of Mr. Robert Hawley, 
Who died July 27th, 1800, aged 77. 

If upright conduct, virtue, piety, 

Affection, friendship, truth and charity, 

Betoken christian faith, his acts confirm, 

He liv'd in hopes, his soul may rest in peace ; 

Trusting in Christ, to rise among the blest. 

Also, James Masters, Nephew of the above, who died 
July 20th, 1801, aged 46 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 825 

On a square antique tablet, under the organ gallery — 

Mr. William Bordall, principal vicar 

Of this churche of Chiswicke, was 

Founder of y e steeple of ye same. 

He died ye 15the day of October, 

In ye year of our Lorde mccccxxv. 

both whcb appeare in tbe 

Brass on his tombstone in 

This church, whch monument 

Of this worthy benefactor, 

Being by William Walker, 

His successor, happily preserved, 

Is now in this stone contended to the lasting 

memorie of posteritie by ye 

right honorable and truly noble lorde Francis Lorde Russell, 

Earle of Bedford, anno Domini M.Dc.xxxi.* 

Near the preceding on a tablet — 

To the Memory of 

Mr. John Edwards, 

Who died March 18, 1794, aged 59 years. 

Also, of Mrs. Mary Edwards, aged 50 years. 

Also, of Mr. John Panter, 

Who died April 24, 1791, in the list year of his age. 

Also, to the Memory of Mrs. Charles Bush, 

Who died June 20th, 1815, aged 78 years. 

North aisle, at the west end, on a tablet — 

In a vault beneath this tablet 
Are deposited the remains of 

Lewis Peacock, Esq. 

late of tbis parish, who died 

on the 4th of August, 1828, 

aged 77 years. 

Also of 

Elizabeth, 

for 55 years the beloved 

and affectionate wife of the above, 

who departed this life, 

on the 5th Jany. 1839, 

aged 8b' years. 

* Brass in Chiswick Church. — Many monuments of the dead in churches 
in and about this city of London, as also as in some places in the country, are 
covered with seats or pews made high and easy for the parishioners to sit or 
sleep in, a fashion of no long continuance and worthy of reformation — 
Weevcrs Fun. Monuments, p. 701. 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



On a neat plain marble tablet- 



BENEATH IN A VAULT 

ARE DEPOSITED THE REMAINS OF 

JOHN SICH, ESQ. 

FOR MORE THAN SIXTY YEARS 

AN INHABITANT OF THIS PARISH. 

HE DIED 24th JANUARY, 1836, AGED 84 YEARS. 

ALSO OF ANNE HIS WIFE, 

WHO DIED 22nd MARCH, 1824, AGED 09 YEARS ; 

LIKEWISE OF HARRIOT SICH, THEIR DAUGHTER, 

WHO DIED 28th JANUARY, 1830, AGED 47 YEARS. 

On a tablet — 

A sacred tribute of parental affection 

to the beloved memory of 

Robert Hay, 

who departed this life 

October 28, J 823, aged 24 years. 

" Into thy hand I commend my spirit." 

On the wall of the north side — 

Here rests 

In humble hope of a blessed resurrection 

through the merits of his Redeemer, 

The body of the Rev. Thomas Home, D.D. 

formerly fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, 

and for many years 

Master of the Manor House School, 

in this parish. 

After a life of exemplary piety, 

Purity, and Christian Charity. 

He departed hence on the 27th January, 1824, 

in the 86th year of his age, 

full of faith and good works. 

Also, that of his excellent consort Francis Ann Home, 

who affectionately following his footsteps, 

departed in the blessed hope with cheerful resignation, 

Oct, 28th, 1826, in the 76th year of her age. 

Near the preceding, on a marble tablet — 

In a vault near this place are deposited 

the remains of Anne Sharpe, late wife 

of Benjamin Sharpe, of Fleet Street, Banker. 

who died after a few hours illness. 

May 1 111). 1819, aged 31. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 32' 

This marble whilst it gratefully records the virtues of one 
who as a wife, a mother, and a Mend, was a blessing, 

to those with whom her earthly lot was united, 

expresses likewise the humble, though confident hope 

that her short life passed in the love of God, 

and by that love, prompted to the performance 

of every Christian duty, has through the merits of her Redeemer, 

been changed for one of eternal happiness and glory. 

Sacred to the Memory of William Francis Sharpe, 

second son of the above, who died 25th April, 1828, 

he possesed a superior mind far beyond his years, 

with the mildest manners and most affectionate heart. 

Forgive blest shade, the tributary tear 

That mourns thy exile from a world like this ; 

Forgive the wish that would have kept thee here, 
And staid thy progress to the realms of bliss. 



In the same vault with those of his beloved wife and son 

have since been interred 

the remains of Benjamin Sharpe, Esq. 

of Fleet Street, and Chiswick. 

He departed this life after a short illness, 

On the 12th of February, 1838, 

In the 08th year of his age. 

This memorial is inscribed by his three surviving children 

To whom, next to his God, his whole life was devoted. 



On the east end of the north ailse on a marble tablet — 

Near this place lies interred the 

Body of Thomas Plukenett, 

late of this parish, Gent, who 

Departed this life the 1st. of November, 1721, 

in the 81st year of his age. 

Also the body of Mrs. Grace Plukenett, 

Relict of the above Thomas Plukenett, 

who departed this life the 25th day of November, 1738, 

in the 88th year of her age. 

Also the body of Mrs. Grace Woodroffe, 

Daughter of Thomas and Grace Plukenett, 

who departed this life the 31st. of September, 1743, 

in the 69th year of her age. 



Arms: — A bend engrailed gules, impaling az. a chevron between 3 hanks of 
cotton arg. borne by Cotton. 



328 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

On the wall at the east end of the nave, on a large 
tablet — 

Mary Rachel Wade, 

Born the 16th of July, 1760, died 16th of September, 1827, 

Buried in a vault beneath this church. 

She was the daughter of the Honorable Richard Walpole, 

the third son of Lord Walpole, of Wollerton, in Norfolk, 

who was the brother of Sir Robert Walpole, 

Earl of Orford, K.G. Prime Minister. 

She was married on the 1th January, 1798, 

To the Reverend Ashton Wade, of Hardington, 

lu the County of Northampton, who died and was buried there in May, 1820. 

George Ashton Wade, Esq. 

The 2nd son of the above, born at Hardington, 

On the 4th of December, 1803, died at Bath the 1st of October, 180"), 

Buried at Walcot Church in that City. 

This monument is erected by the three surviving children, 

Richard Henry, Caroline, and Harriett. 

On the east end of this aisle — 

Sacred 

to the Memory of 

Col. John Beckwith, 

who departed this life, 

October 16th, 1815, 

aged 88. 

Also of 

Mrs. Beckwith, 

who died 21st January, 1824, 

aged 70. 

On the north-east wall of the nave, on a large antique 
marble tablet — 

James Henry Casamajor, Esquire, 

Obiit 23rd Jan. 1815, JEtat. 69, 

And his mortal remains are deposited 

at the foot of this tablet. 

He lived long enough to exhibit 

Amidst various trusts both in public and private life, 

a consistent example of 

probity, purity, and innocence. 

Nor was he less an aimiable than a good man, 

And the kindness of his heart confirmed the love 

which the suavity of his manners had conciliated. 

The warmth and constancy of his affections, 

His care and anxiety, tenderness, and indulgence, 

in the relation of husband and parent. 






MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. S89 

are imperishable memorials of his domestic virtue, 

deeply inshrined in the bosom of his family 

To whom he has bequeathed 

the sacred inheritance of his unspotted name, 

and the example of his excellent life. 



On a tablet adjoining — 

Also the remains of Elizabeth Cassamajor, 
the beloved and respected wife of the above, 
who died on the 19th of January, A. D. 1837, aged 



On a tablet adjoining 









Sacred to the Memory of 

Mrs. Rebecca Cassamajor, widow, 

who departed this life, 

On the Oth of November, 1788, 

aged 73 years. 



At the cast end of the north aisle, on a tablet with a 
pyramid and two urns — 

Sacred 

to the Memory 

Of Thomas Spateman, A.M. 

late vicar of this parish, 

wherein he officiated 

near twenty-nine years, 

and with what sincerity, 

With what humility, and study after peace, 

is gratefully remembered in this place. 

He lies interred in the new vault, 

Near this place by his own direction. 

Bom Augt. 1091. 

Died Jany. 1701. 

Arms : — Erm. on a fesse gules, between two bars gemellcs sab. 3 griffins' 
heads erased, or. 

On the floor of the north aisle — 

Here rests the remains of John, son of Thomas and Ann Griffith, of Pall 
Mall, London, who died Dec. 20, 1787, in the 23rd year of his age Mary, 
sister of the above, died Feb. 9th, 1791, aged 17 years. The above W. Thomas 
Griffith who is buried in the vault in the church, died March 13, 1795, in the 
03rd year of his age. Ralph Griffiths, aged 83 years, buried Oct. 5. 18d3. 



330 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

In the south gallery — 

In Memory of 

Vere Warner, of Upwoo d, 

in the county of Huntingdon, Esq. 

who departed this life November 

the 23rd, 1756, in the 58th year of his age* 

He married December 25th, 1745, 

Mary, relict of Leman Hutchins, 

of Northaw, in Hertfordshire, Esq. 

by whom he left no issue. 

Near the preceding — 

Near this place lie interred the bodyes 

of Robert Kennel, Esq. of the 

Parish of St. Martin's-in the-fields, 

who died in the year of our Lord 1690. 

Also Jane Kennell, his wife, 

who dyed in the year of 

our Lord 1719. 

This monument is erected to their pious 

Memories, at the charge of their 

eldest daughter, Ann Kennell. 

On the same wall — 

Near this place 

lyeth interred the body of 

Richard Taylor, Esq. 

in a vault built by him, and appropriated 

to his own family, 

Obiit 29 Aug. A.D. 1698, ^Etat. 73. 

Also Mrs Ann Taylor, relict of 

of the said Richard Taylor, 

Obiit 28 Oct. 1700, iEtat. 67. 

Arms : — Arg. on a chief az. 3 escallop shells, or, for Taylor, impaling a wood, 
proper for Delbotch, impaling arg. a bend between 6 martlets sable. 

At the east end of the south aisle, on a tablet — 

M. s. 

Johannis Tayler, arm. 

Hospitii de Bridewell et Bethlem 

Londini Thesaurii. 

Vitss integritatem simplicem modestiam, 

pietatem in parentes fidem conjugalem, 

In liberos suavissima comitate conditam gravitatem, 

in omnes benevolentiam, 

ab hoc marmore discite superstites 






MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 331 

Uxoreni houesta satis et antiqua gente B — 

Margareta Del B — 

Et ex ea duplicem utriusque sexus prolem 

Reliquit Feb. 10, 

An. Dni. m.dccxxix setat. lix. 

Patri opt. 

Johannes Filius Natu max, 

P. 

Arms: — Arg. on a chief az. 3 escallop shells, or, for Taylor impaling a wood, 
proper, for Delbotch. 

On the south wall over the gallery, on a tablet — 

H. s. E. 

Richardus Tayler, arm. 
Qui res a Patre relictas 
Imunis malarum artium 

Satis feliciter auxit. 

Nee defuit ejus interim 

Larga universis pauperibus 

Licet ignota manus. 

Cum universum orbem 

Iuvenis sapientias emptor pretiosus 

Peragrasset ; latuit quietus 

Honorum juxta ac Vitiorum spretor 

miranda in illo viro 

Hispanica firmitas 

Gallica Promptitudo 

Itala Sagacitas at 

.Anglica benevolentia. 

Annam filiam unicam reliquit 

supra fidem docilem 

A veneris finxit cura patris solers. 

Hoc monumentum maerens posuit 

Dimidio animae suae sacrum 

Martha conjux superstes. 

Obiit ille in Aug. 

Anno Salutis humanae reparatae mdccxvi „Etatis suae lx. 

Arms : — Taylor impaling azure, a chevron between 3 fleurs-de-lis, or, a canton 
of the second. 

On a tablet, on the same Avail — 

Near this place 

lyeth the body of 

James Howard, Esq. 

only son of the Honble. 

Thomas Howard, brother to the Right Honble. 

James, Earl of Suffolk, wbo 

was interred the sixth dav 



oS2 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

of July, 1660, 

about the 20th year of his age. 

This monument is erected at 

the charge of 

Dame Elizabeth, Viscountess 

Shannon. 

Arms: — Howard quartering Warren, Fitzalan and Mowbray not blazoned. 

James Howard married Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria Boyle, natural 
daughter of Charles the Second, by Lady Shannon. His only child Stuarta 
Walbury Howard, aliened the house at Turnham-green, which had belonged 
to her father, to Sir John Chardin. 



On a tablet — 

Here lyes ye clay 

Which the other clay 

Inclos'd Sam Sevill's soul, 

but now is free and unconfin'd, 

she fled aud left her clog behind 

Intomb'd within this mole 

May ye 21, 1728, 
In the 30 year of his age. 

In the north gallery, on a tablet — 

In Memory of 

Colonel Ralph Winwood, 

who died the 28 Dec. 1790, 

aged 73 years. 

Also Elizabeth, his wife, who died 0th January, 

1800, aged 68 years. 

On a tablet — 

To the Memory of 

Thomas Tomkins, 

Of Sermon-lane, Doctor's Commons, 

whom God in his wisdom thought fit to remove 

from his numerous circle of respected 

and regretting friends, 

upon the 5th of Sept. 1816, 

aged 73 years. 

His professional abilities were exceeded only 

by his universal philantrophy. 

On a tablet — 

Sacred to the Memory of 

Mary Read Pyke, 

of this parish. 

She died the 30 day of March, 1818, 

aged 7 1 years, 

and her remains are deposited iu the vault beneath. 






MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 333 

On a tablet — 

Sacred to the Memory of 

John William Horsley, Esq. 

late of this Parish, 

who departed this life on the 1st of June, 1833, 

aged 75 years. 

and of Mary his wife, 

who departed this life on the 9th of December, 1830, 

aged 70 years. 

The following epitaph was written by A. Murphy, Esq. 
on John Ayton Thompson, a youth of fifteen — 

If in the morn of life each winning grace, 
The converse sweet, the mind-illumined face, 
The lively wit that charm'd with early art, 
And mild affections streaming from the heart ; 
If these, loVd youth, could check the hand of fate. 
Thy matchless worth had claim' d a longer date. 
But thou art blest, while here we heave the sigh ; 
Thy death is virtue wafted to the sky. 
Yet still thy image fond affection keeps, 
The sire remembers, and the mother weeps ; 
Still the friend grieves, who saw thy vernal bloom, 
And here, sad task ! inscribes it on thy tomb. 

In the church, in the Earl of Burlington's vault, is 
interred the illustrious Kent, a painter, architect, and the 
father of modern gardening. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS IN THE 
CHURCH-YARD. 



On the north side of the church the following inscription 
is on a square altar tomb with iron rails — 

In a vault beneath this tomb lye buried the remains 

of Nicholas Crispe, Esq. who having been many years severely 

afflicted with an asthma and stone, dyed quite worn out 

and weary of life, the fifth day of March, in the 60th 

year of his age, A.D. 1705-li, 



334 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Mrs. Ann Crispe, wife of Nicholas Crispe, Esq, 
died Feb. 0, 1731, in the 74th year of her age- 
Lady Gough, widow of Sir Richard Gough, Bart, their 
eldest daughter, died Dec. 31, 1731, in the 50th year of her age, 

Mrs. Mary Walker, their 2nd daughter, died Oct. 4, 1760, 
In the 72nd year of her age. In hopes of a joyful resurrection. 

Against the north wall of the church, and facing the 
above, is a mural tablet, with the arms of the Crispe's, 
thus inscribed — 

Near this place lies interred the body of Edward 

Crispe, Esq. who died Augt. 12th, 1739, aet. 48. 

In regard to whose memory this monument was erected. 

At the north-west end of the church-yard, and on a hand- 
some monument, secured by iron rails, is the following in- 
scription — 

This monument 

is dedicated to the memory of 

Philip James De Loutherbourgh, Esq. R.A. 

who was born at Strasbourgh, in Alsace, Nov. 1740, 

and departed this life at Hammersmith Terrace, March 11, 1812, 

aged 72 years. 

With talents brilliant, and supereminent as an artist, 

he united the still more envied endowments of a cultivated, 

enlarged, and elegant mind, 

adding to both the supreme qualities of the heart, 

which entitled him as a man and a Christian to the cordial 

respect of the wise and good. 

In him science was associated with faith, piety with liberality, 

virtue with suavity of manners, 

And the rational use of this world with the enobling hope of a 

world to come. 

A deathless fame will record his professional excellence, 

but to the hand of friendship belongs the office of strewing on his 

tomb those moral flowers which displayed themselves in his 

life, and which rendered him estimable as a social being. 

This monument was erected from a design by Sir John 
Soane, and his epitaph was written by the late Rev. Dr. 
Christopher Lake Moody (who was buried Dec. £9, 1805), 
whose initials are placed under it. 

Here, Loutherbourgh ! repose thy laurel' d head ; 
While art is cherish'd thou canst ne'er be dead. 
Salvator, Poussin, Claude, thy skill combines, 
And beauteous nature lives in thy designs. 

C.L.M. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 335 

On a handsome table monument secured with iron rails 
is the following inscription — 

Sacred to the memory of the Eight Honorable George, Earl of Macartney, 
Privy Counsellor, Knight of the Order of the Bath, &c. a nobleman endowed 
by nature with the most extraordinary talents, which he cultivated with a 
degree of assiduity and perseverance hardly ever equalled. The greatest part 
of his life was devoted to public service ; he filled a variety of high and 
important functions in different parts of the world with the most unsullied 
honour, the strictest integrity, good credit, and advantage to his king and 
country. His private virtues were such as to demand universal esteem and 
admiration. His liberality and generosity were unbounded. His superior 
knowledge, sweetness of temper, amenity of disposition, and lively entertainiug 
conversation, rendered him the delight of his friends, and the ornament of 
society. He was born on the 4th of June, 1737, and died on the 31st of 
March, 1806. 

We unwillingly observe, that the letters of the in- 
scription on Lord Macartney's monument are so badly 
cut, and the punctuation rendered so erroneous by the 
want of judgment in the mason, that the work may in a 
future day be adduced as a specimen of ill taste in the age 
that produced it. 

At the north-west end of the church-yard, on an altar 
monument — 

In a vault under this tomb lieth the body of Charles Holland, late of Drury 
Lane Theatre, of whose character and abilities David Garrick, Esq. has given 
testimony on a monument erected to his memory in the chancel of tbis church, 
by permission of his Grace the Duke of Devonshire. 

John Holland, died May 19, 1764, aged 67. 

Mrs. Sarah Holland, died Oct. 7, 1778. 

Mr. John Holland, died March 10, 1780. 



On the south side of the church-yard is the monument 
of the celebrated William Hogarth. 

On the north side of it, in basso-relievo, are the laurel 
wreath, rest-stick, pallette with the line of beauty, pencils, 
a book inscribed Analysis of Beauty, a mask, portfolio 
decorated with oak-leaves and acorns, under which are 
the following lines, by his friend Mr. Garrick — 



336 HISTORY OF CHTSWICK. 

Farewell, great painter of mankind ! 

Who reach'd the noblest point of art. 
Whose pictured morals charm the mind, 

And through the eye correct the heart. 

If genius fire thee, reader, stay ; 

If nature touch thee, drop a tear ; 
If neither move thee, turn away, 

For Hogarth's honour 'd dust lies here. 

East side — 

Here lieth the body 
Of William Hogarth, Esq. 
Who died October 26th, 1764, 
Aged 67 years. 

Mrs. Jane Hogarth, 

Wife of William Hogarth. Esq. 

Obiit 13th November, 1789, 

iEtat. SO years. 

South side — 

Here lieth the body 
Of Mrs. Anne Hogarth, sister 

To William Hogarth, Esq. 

She died August 13th, 1771, 

Aged 70 years. 

Also, the body of 

Mary Lewis, Spinster, 

Died 25th March, 1808, 

Aged 88 years. 

West side- 
Here lieth the body 
Of Dame Judith Thornhill, 
• Relict of Sir James Thornhill, Knight, 
Of Thornhill, in the county of Dorset. 
She died Nov. 12, 1757, 
Aged 84 years. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 06 i 

" Time will obliterate these inscriptions, and even the 
pyramid must crumble into dust, but Hogarth's fame is 
engraven on tablets which shall have longer duration than 
monumental marble."* 

Arms : — On the tomb — az. a sun in splendour for Hogarth, impaling arg. 
a chevron gules between, 3 blackbirds for Thornbill ; there is also the coat for 
Tbornhill, imp. per fesse az. and erm, a pale counter-changed, 3 lions arg. 

The following epitaph, written upon Hogarth by Dr. 
Johnson, is printed in Mrs. Piozzi's anecdotes — 

The hand of him here torpid lies 

That drew the essential form of grace ; 
Here clos'd in death th' attentive eyes. 

That saw the manners in the face. 

This epitaph has been much admired, but it is by no means a favourable 
specimen of that kind of composition. The first two lines are tame and prosaic ; 
and the word " farewell - ' is inappropriately made use of To say farewell to 
the ashes of the dead is natural to those who look for the last time on the face 
of one they loved; but the object of an epitaph being merely to inform the 
reader of the great or the good man who moulder below, there is no necessity 
for the word of leave taking. The thought in the last stanza is much better, 
and were it not for the unreasonable request, that we should weep over the 
spot, would be perfect. Men cannot weep that their predecessors have died ; 
we may sigh that neither virtue nor genius can escape the common lot of 
humanity, but no more, we cannot weep. Admiration claims no such homage, 
and if it did, we could not pay it. — Mavkay's Thames and its Tributaries, 
vol. i. p. 96. 

On an altar monument, secured with iron rails, nearly 
adjoining the preceding on the east, is the following in- 
scription, written by Arthur Murphy, Esq. — 

Whoe'er thou art, with silent footsteps tread 

The hallow'd mould where Rose reclines his head. 

Ah ! let not folly one kind tear deny, 

But pensive pause where truth and honour lie. 

His the gay wit that fond affection drew ; 

Oft heard, and oft admir'd, yet ever new ; 

* Mention is made of this monument in the following works : — Nichols's 
Anecdotes of Hogarth, p. 345 ; Strutt's Hist, of England, vol. ii. p. 24 ; 
John Ireland's Hogarth Illustrated, vol. ii. p. 111.; Sam. Ireland's Hogarth, 
p. 185, and River Thames, vol. ii. p. 156 ; Lysons' Middx. ; and Boydell's 
River Thames. 

Z 



HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 

The heart that melted at another's grief; 
The hand in secret that bestow'd relief ; 
Science, untinctur'd with the pride of schools, 
And native goodness, free from formal rules ; 
With zeal through life he toil'd in learning's cause, 
But more, fair virtue, to promote thy laws : 
His every action sought the noblest end ; 
The tender husband, father, brother, friend. 
Perhaps e'en now, from yonder realms of day, 
To his lov'd relatives he sends a ray ; 
Pleas'd to behold affections like his own, 
With filial duty raise this votive stone. 

On the west side is the following — 

Miss Eliza Rose, who died January 10, 1802, aged 
32 years. 

Underneath, a large flag-stone is thus inscribed — 
The entrance to Dr. Rose's vault. 

Adjoining the monument of Dr. Rose on the west, on a 
mutilated flag-stone, is this inscription — 

Isabella, the affectionate wife, the faithful friend, the sensible companion, of 

Kalph Griffiths. 

March 25, 1764. Aged 52. 

On a stone, west side of the church-yard — 

To the memory of 

William Sharpe, Esq. 

Historical Engraver, 

Member of the Imperial Academy of Vienna, 

Of the Eoyal Academy of Munich, 

Died July 25, 1824. 

Aged 74 years. 

On a head-stone — 

Henry Smith, late of East Smithfield, July 22, 1787, aged 57. 

Tho' Boreas' blasts and Neptune's waves 

Have tost me too and fro, 
In spite of both, by God's decree, 

I harbour here below. 



MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 339 

Tho' now at anchor I do rest, 

With many of our fleet, 
We must one clay set sail again, 

Our Saviour Christ to meet. 

On a table tomb — 

This tomb is erected to the Memory of 
Alexander Brodie, Esq. 
late of Carey Street, in the liberty of the Rolls, London, and CallcuU. in the 
County of Salop. 
First inventor of the register stoves and fire hearths for ships, and had the 
honour of supplying the whole British navy with the latter, for upwards of 
thirty years. To the preservation of many valuable lives, since their intro- 
duction, and was a great service to government; by which, with his own 
industry, he accumulated a large fortune. 

Died 6th January, 1811, 

Aged 78 years. 

Mary, the wife of Alexander Brodie, Esq. 

Died 13th of August, 1777, aged 32 years, 

Likewise their only child, who died in its infancy. 

On a large flat stone, south side of the church-yard, the 

following inscription, and coat of arms — 

UGO FOSCOLO 

OBIIT XIV. DIE SEPTEMBRIS, 

A.D. 1817, 

.ETATIS 52. 



Miles Corbett, Esq. 

March 18— 172 1 

Aged 83. 



An elegant and elaborate altar tomb, erected 

By Lord Burlington, to the memory of his favourite 

Bricklayer. 

Richard Wright, Bricklayer, 

20th July, 1734, aged 62. 



Mr. William Lewis, 

Covent Garden, Bookseller, 

Died Nov. 18, 1759, aged 74. 

Requiescat in pace. 



Mrs. Catherine Carpue, 
departed this life, Feb. 16, 1797, 
62. 



z2 



340 HISTORY OF CHISWIGK. 

Rev. John Mapletofts, M.A. 

Chaplain to the Royal Hospital Bridewell, in the city of London, 1773, 

aged 41. 



On a head stone — 

Mr. William Murfin, died 28th Bee. 1813, 

aged 72. 
On earth he truly liv'd old Adam's heir, 
In tilling it with sweating pain and care ; 
And by God's blessing great increase did find, 
As serv'd to please his gracious master's mind ; 
Till from those earthly gardens he did rise, 
Transplanted to the upper Paradise. 

On a head stone — 

Mrs. Betsy Adamson, wife of Thos. Adamson, died 28th of November, 1812, 

aged 42, and left a disconsolate husband and seven children to lament 

her loss. 

Mr. Thos. Adamson, husband of the above, died 18th Feb. 1837, aged 66. 

On a stone tablet in the eastern wall facing the high road, 
is this singular inscription — 

This wall was made at the charges of the right honourable and truelie 
pious Lorde Francis Russell, Buke of Bedford, oute of the true zeal and care 
for the keeping of this church yard, and the wardrobe of Goddes saintes, whose 
bodies lay therein buryed from violateing by swine and other prophanation; so 
witnesseth William Walker, A.B. 1623. 

It maybe observed that there was no Buke of Bedford of the Russell family 
till 1694. 

North wall of the vestry in the church-yard — 

Sacred to the Memory of 

James Fittler, Esq. R.A. 

Marine Engraver 

to his late Majesty George the Third, 

and a Member of the Royal Academy of London, 

whose mortal remains 

are deposited in this vault, 

Obiit Bee. 2, 1835— .Etat. 79 years. 

Requiescat in Pace. 

North-west corner of the church-yard, on a stone tablet — 

This church yard was enlarged 
Ay an addition of twenty-five perches of 

Ground given to the parish, 

By his Grace William Spencer Cavendish, 

Buke of Bevonshire, E.G. 

and this boundary wall built thereon 

by order of Vestry, A.B. 1838. 



CHARITIES AM) BENEFACTIONS. 341 



CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 

Two acres of land in Chiswick Field, left to the poor, 
but the benefactor and the situation of the land are 
unknown. 

This benefaction is thus recorded — * 



Ceswicke. j The pore and churchwar _ 

j dens of the said pishe, are 
possessed to th use of the 
pore of two small tente 

with 11 acres of lande ^xin vm^ And ther remaynetl 
thereunto belongyng now 
in the tenure of Edwarde 
Kyng and Hugh Edwyn, 
paying yearly . 



To the deane and 
chapter of Powles 
in quit rent . . 



clere 



John Morecoke gave to the 
said pson and church- I One 
wardens to thuse of the f Cowe. 1 the handes of 



pore 



Which is 
the handi 
and paithe yerely . ii 



Henry Fryer, Esq. A.D. 1681, gave twenty-five pounds 
per annum to the poor of this parish, payable out of 
estates left by him to Christ's hospital. 

Received by the churchwardens annually, at Christ's 
hospital. 

Henry Fryer, A.D. 1631, by his will, bearing date 
7 Car. II. left certain estates to charitable uses, charged 
with a specific sum of one hundred pounds per annum, to 
be divided between the poor of the parishes of St. Botolph, 
Alder sgate ; Harleston, in the county of Cambridge ; and 
Chiswick. 

By a decree of chancery, 28 Car. II. the estates were 
conveyed to the lord mayor and common council of the 
city of London, the governors of St. Thomas's, Christ's, 
and Bridewell hospitals, in trust, charged with the sum of 
forty pounds per annum to St. Botolph ; thirty-five pounds 
to Harleston ; and twenty-five pounds to Chiswick. 

* Chantry Roll temp. Edw. VI. Augmentation Office. 



342 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Thomas Barker, A.D. 1642, gave by will five pounds 
per annum, payable out of lands, called " The Downs," 
in this parish. 

Lady Dorothy Capel, A.D. 1719, gave by will the 
twelfth-part of the clear rental of an estate, called " Perry 
Court Farm," in the county of Kent, to the support of the 
charity schools. 

Received by the vicar on the 23rd of May annually, at 
Kew church. 

Mrs. Mary Quaife, A.D. 1730, left four hundred pounds 
to the poor, with which has been purchased £497 9s. 9d. 
in three per cent, consols. 

The interest of which is distributed at the discretion of 
the vicar and churchwardens. 

Trustees — Rev. T. F. Bowerbank, Rev. Thomas Home, 
John Sich, Douglas Thompson. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Lutwyche, A.D. 1773, gave by will two 
hundred pounds, with which was purchased £244 5s. 6d. 
in three per cent, consols. 

The interest to be given to such poor of the parish as 
the vicar shall nominate. 

Trustees — Rev. T. F. Bowerbank, Rev. Thomas Home, 
Douglas Thompson, John Sich. 

Mr. Robert Hawley, A.D. 1800, gave by will two 
pounds per annum to the Sunday school, and one pound 
per annum to the charity schools, being the interest of 
one hundred pounds in three per cent, consols. 

Received by the vicar, the Rev. T. F. Bowerbank. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Blackshaw, A.D. 1811, gave by will 
one hundred pounds in three per cent, consols in trust 
for the poor ; and also one hundred pounds in the three 
per cent, consols in trust for the support of the charity 
schools. 



CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 0±0 

In the same stock, and the same names, as Miss Rey- 
nolds' legacy. 

Mr. Edward Waistell, A. D. 1813, gave by will two 
hundred pounds, with which was purchased £244. Ss. 8d. 
in new three and half per cents, the interest to be given 
to poor housekeepers not receiving parochial relief. 

Trustees — Rev. Thomas F. Bowerbank, John Sich, 
George Henry Matyear. 

Mr. Thomas Newman, A.D. 1886, gave by will to the 
trustees of the National Charity Schools of this parish, 
one thousand pounds in the three and a half per cents, 
leaving after payment of legacy duty, a sum of nine hun- 
dred pounds stock, on condition that the trustees keep in 
repair the grave in which he is buried, and the railing 
thereof. 

Mr. James Good, A.D. 1837, gave by will to the church- 
wardens for the time being, two hundred and fifty pounds 
towards the repairs and alteration of this church, which 
sum was expended A.D. 1839, in necessary repairs and 
painting ; and also the like sum of two hundred and fifty 
pounds to be paid at the death of his servant, Caroline 
Carter, for the same purpose. 

Both sums were expended in repairing and painting 
the church. 

Benjamin Sharpe, Esquire, A.D. 1838, left one hun- 
dred pounds, with which was purchased (after deducting 
ten pounds for legacy duty) £96. 18s. Id. in three per 
cent, reduced, to the support of the charity schools. 

Mrs. Anna Maria Reynolds, A.D. 1802, gave by will, five 
hundred pounds, with which was purchased £837. 10s. 3d. 
in three per cent, consols, the interest to be applied to the 
benefit of the poor. 

Trustees — Rev. Thos. Frere Bowerbank, Rev. Thos. 
Home, and John Sich. 



344 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



His Grace William Spencer Cavendish, duke of Devon- 
shire, K.C. gave, A.D. 1812, the site of the Boy's National 
Charity School, at Turnham-green, with one hundred 
pounds towards the building thereof: and also, A.D. 
1838, twenty-five perches of land for the enlargement of 
the church-yard. 

Six alms house at Strand-on-the-green. 

Two of these houses were built by Mr. Thomas Child, 
one by Mr. Solomon Williams, and one by William 
Abbott, carpenter, at his own charge, for the use of the 
poor of Chiswick for ever, 1724. 

Repaired 1816. 

James Willson, ) , 

ixr -IT7- id r Churchwardens. 

W. Wallis Bifield,J 

The National Schools are situated at Turnham-green, 
on the front of the building is this inscription — 

CHISWICK 

NATIONAL SCHOOLS, 

ERECTED BY VOLUNTARY 

CONTRIBUTIONS, 

A.D. MDCCCXII. 

These Charity Schools Avere originally established in 
the year 1707, for the education of twenty-six boys and 
twenty-five girls. The boys were formerly instructed 
in the vestry room in Chiswich church-yard, until the 
year 1813, when their present commodious school room 
was built at Turnham-green. The house and grounds 
were given by his grace the duke of Devonshire, and the 
School of Industry and Sunday School were then attached ; 
and by the peculiar facilities of the national system, the 
blessings of a religious and useful education are now 
offered to all the children of the poor in the parish. 

The Boys' School Room, when first built, was about 
forty feet by twenty-five feet. In the year 1836, it was 
lengthened to sixty feet for the accommodation of Sunday 






CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 345 

Evening Service in that part of the parish, previous to 
the building of the new church. 

The present number of boys is one hundred and twenty- 
seven, all under the age of fourteen years, their instruc- 
tion is wholly gratuitous, and two boys and twenty girls' 
are annually clothed by the trustees, on account of their 
regular attendance and general good conduct. The schools 
are supported by partial endowment, and voluntary con- 
tributions. 

The Girls' School is situated adjoining the church-yard, 
in a commodious school room rebuilt on the site of the 
old school. It contains one hundred and four girls, and 
is under the management of the same trustees as the Boys 
School. 

This school was re-built in the year 1838, at the expense 
of £330. 12s. 

There is also an Infant School at Turnham-green, in 
connexion with the above, consisting of about eighty 
children ; it was established and superintended for many 
years by Frederick Gibson, Esq. and his family. 

Alms-Houses at Turnham-Green. — There arc four 
alms-houses on Turnham-Green, situated opposite the 
church ; they are repaired out of the poor's rate, and are 
occupied by poor aged persons. 



346 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



CHAPTER III. 

The Town — The Mall — College-House — Manor Farm-House — Corney-House 
— Lord Macartney — Sir Stephen Fox's House — Morton Hall — Eminent 
Inhabitants — Population — Trade. 

tK The Town, though but small/' says Bowack, " is so very 
pleasantly situated out of the road, and free from noise, 
dust, and hurry, that it has for many years past boasted of 
more illustrious and noble persons, than any of its neigh- 
bours, nor is it at present without a good number of 
persons of great quality and wealth. The Thames taking 
.an oblique course from Fulham to Hammersmith, but 
gently salutes this place, and the several little islands or 
heights so pleasantly scattered in it, considerably weakens 
its force. The greatest number of houses are stretched along 
by the water side from Limekiln, near Hammersmith, to the 
church, in which dwell several small traders, but the most 
part fishermen and watermen, who make up a considerable 
part of the inhabitants of this town." 

The Mall facing the river commands beautiful and 
extensive views, and consists of several capital houses, 
among which may be mentioned College-house, Walpole- 
house and academy. 

College-House. — This ancient mansion belongs to the 
dean and chapter of Westminster, and is now in the occu- 
pation of Mr. Whittingham as a Printing Office, whose 

* Antiquities of Middlesex, folio, p. 47, London, 1705. 



COLLEGE-HOUSE. 847 

late uncle distinguished himself as one of the best printers 
of the age. The building is of great extent, and faces the 
river. The interior is divided into many apartments well 
adapted for the purposes of a large printing establishment; 
it consists of two stories ; the walls of the cellars are of 
great thickness, and in many parts are composed of solid 
stone, rudely constructed many ages ago. 

This ancient house had previously been occupied by 
Madame Solieaux as a boarding school. " Near the church 
by the Thames side, is a very ancient house, which 
Norden calls a fair one, (Spec. Britan. p. 16.) and 
says it belongs to Dr. Goodwin, dean of Westminster, 
where the scholars of that school in time of any common 
plague or sickness, as also to take ah*, used to retire. Dr. 
Busby with some of his scholars, used frequently in summer 
time to spend some time here ; but the building is now 
so decayed with age, that it is unfit for such a use, and is 
patched up into small tenements, for the poor labouring 
people of the town. We cannot gather who was the 
founder of this structure, or what it was designed for; 
but upon a careful examination of it by the dimensions and 
contrivance of it, seems to have been intended for a reli- 
gious use."* 

Mr. Ralph, a multifarious writer of the last century, 
resided in the prebendal part of College-house, which he 
rented of the dean and chapter of Westminster. He died 
of the gout on the 24th of January, 1762. He was a 
native of Philadelphia, and came to England as a literary 
adventurer in 1725, in company with the celebrated Ben- 
jamin Franklin. In 1728 he published a poem, entitled 
" Night," to which Pope thus alludes in the Dunciad — 

Silence, ye wolves ! while Ralph to Cynthia howls, 
Making night hideous — answer him ye owls. 

B. iii. 1. 104. 

He afterwards attempted the Drama, but without success, 
and having produced a tragedy, a comedy, an opera, and 

* Antiquities of Middx fol. p. 47, London, 1705. 



348 



HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 



a farce, lie took up the employment of a party writer. 
In 1742 he published an answer to the " Memoirs of 
Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough ;" and in 1744 appeared 
his " History of England/' during the reigns of Charles the 
Second, James the Second, William, &c. 2 vols, folio, which 
is a work of great merit. 

He was at length connected with the politicians and 
literary men who were attached to the service of Frederic 
Prince of Wales, in consequence of which, Ralph is said 
to have become possessed of a manuscript written by the 
prince, or under his direction, to which so much impor- 
tance was attributed, that a gratuity or pension was offered 
to the holder as a compensation for surrendering it. This 
very manuscript was afterwards discovered by Dr. Rose, 
his executor, who surrendered it without compensation. 

He certainly obtained a pension after the accession of 
his late Majesty King George the Third, but he did not 
long enjoy it, as his death took place in January, 1762. 

Besides the works mentioned, he published a treatise 
on the " Use and Abuse of Parliaments, 2 vols. 8vo. " The 
Case of Authors by Profession," 8vo. and several political 
pamphlets.* 

The road-way in front of the Mall has undergone repeated 
alterations and embankments, in order to secure it from 
the effects of the tides, by which it is frequently overflowed 
and endangered. 

The willow ait, situated in front of the Mall, consists of 
nearly four acres of land. The Hammersmith division at 
the eastern end is separated by a ditch cut across from 
north to south. 

The kind of oziers chiefly raised on this ait are the 
salix vitallina, or yellow willow ; the salix amigdalhia, or 
almond-leaved willow ; and the salix viminalis, or ozier 
willow, with their several varieties. 

There was anciently a carriage-way, which passed 
by the Lamb public-house into the town ; it thence con- 

* Biog. Dramat. Davis's Life of Ganick. 



WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 349 

tinued easterly as a bridle-way as far as Hammersmith 
Terrace.* 

Trie house in Chiswick Lane, adjoining the chapel, was 
for many years the residence of Dr. William Rose. 

William Rose, LL.D. an eminent scholar, was the eldest 
child of Hugh Rose, and born under the paternal roof at 
New Mill, in the parish of Birse, Aberdeenshire, (where 
his forefathers had long possessed some small landed pro- 
perty,)! in the reign of George the First, about the year 
1719 ; and was descended from an exceedingly ancient 
and honourable family in the north of Scotland, the prin- 
cipal branch being represented by Hugh Rose, laird of the 
manor of Kilravock, in Morayshire. J After completing 

* See Faulkner's Hist, of Hammersmith, p. 351, for a further discussion 
respecting this locality. 

+ Long since disposed of to the Earl of Aboyne. 

I The archives and charters of the lands granted by King John Baliol, in 
1293, were destroyed at the fire of the cathedral of Elgin, in June, 1390, 
previously to which few families in Scotland could trace their descent further 
back. Shaw, however, in his " History of Morayshire," published at Edin- 
burgh, in 1785, and since continued down to 1826, states, that there were 
records still existing of twenty proprietors of the estate of Kilravock, sixteen 
of whom were named Hugh Rose, in direct lineal succession. In this long 
line of progenitors, the eighth Hugh (1545), appeal's to have possessed some 
humour, as he subscribes a submission between himself and two neighbours, 
" Hutcheon Rose, of Kilravock, an honest man ill guided between you baith ;" 
and the second Hugh (1649), called Sonsy-sides, living at a period when 
notions of menm and tuuni were rather indistinct, and lifting of neighbours' 
cattle by the Highlanders still carried on, died, " good easy man," of mor- 
tification and disappointment, at being refused reparation by his relative, 
the Duke of Gordon, at an advanced time of life, for the plunder of himself 
and tenants by that powerful clan. The twelfth Hugh (1687), styled the Black 
Baron, was quite a northern Blue-beard, having married five- wives, and had 
issue by all , thus distancing in his conjugal sympathies even the old Oxford- 
shire Baronet, whose more moderate pace described in his epitaph — 

" Though marriage by most folks be reckon'd a curse, 
Three wives have I married for better for worse." 

has been often irreverently deemed rather a dangerous and unequal venture — 
the ladies being very apt to realize only the latter part of the contingency. 
He was, however, also a man of ability in other ways ; being sheriff- depute of 
Ross, and one of those named by the last Scottish parliament to represent 
Scotland in the British parliament at the union, in 1707. During the troubles 
of 1715, the exertions of himself and Forbes, of Culloden, aided by Lord Lovat, 
were successful, after some contest and bloodshed, in recovering for the cause 



350 HISTORY OE CHISWICK. 

his education at Marischal college, Aberdeen, he accom- 
panied the earl of Dunmore, a Scottish nobleman, as his 

of George I. the important town of Inverness, which had previously declared 
in favour of the Jacobite interest. His son, the thirteenth Hugh (1732) was 
provost of Nairn, in 1745 ; and the Duke of Cumberland having halted there 
with his army the day before the battle of Culloden, lodged in his (town) 
house for the night. That the worthy provost's zeal was on the winning side 
is attested by this inscription on a porter-cup, still in the possession of the 
family — " This cup belongs to the provost of Nairn, 1746, the year of our 
deliverance. A bumper to the Duke of Cumberland !" 

About two o'clock of the same day, an officer from Prince Charles Stuart 
arrived at Kilravock (but a few miles' distance from Nairn), to announce that 
it was the Prince's intention to dine at the castle. Mr. Rose and his lady 
made the best preparation that the shortness of the time admitted for the 
reception of so illustrious and unexpected a guest ; and in about an hour after 
the Prince reached the castle, attended by a numerous retinue of gentlemen, 
many of whom were French. The manners and deportment of the Prince on 
this occasion were always described by his host and hostess as having been 
most engaging. He asked the number of their children, and on being told 
three sons, requested to see them, praised their looks, and kissed each of them 
on the forehead. Having walked out with Mr. R. previous to dinner, and 
observed several persons engaged in planting those trees which now adorn 
the ancient family seat, he remarked, " How happy must you be, Mr. Rose, in 
being thus peacefully engaged, when the whole country around you is in 
a stir." 

Mr. R. who was a capital performer, having taken up his violin and played 
an Italian minuet, said to the Prince, " That, if I mistake not, is a favourite 
of your Royal Highness." " That it is a favourite of mine, Mr. Rose, is 
certain, but how you came to know that it is so, I am quite at a loss to guess." 
" That, sir," replied Mr. R. " may serve to show you, that whatever people of 
your rank do or say is sure to be remarked." " I thank you," said the Prince, 
" for that observation." 

Prince Charles, his secretary Mr. Kay, and Mr. and Mrs. Rose, dined 
together in what is now the parlour of the old castle, while forty of the Prince's 
attendants dined in a large hall adjoining. Between these two rooms there 
is a short passage, in which two of the Prince's officers stood with drawn 
swords while he was at dinner ; when the cloth was removed, Mr. R. proposed 
to the Prince that he would allow these gentlemen to go to dine, adding, 
" Your Royal Highness may be satisfied that you are perfectly safe in this 
house," to which the Prince replied, " I know, sir, that I am safe here ; you 
can desire them to go to dinner." 

A large and very handsome china bowl, capable of containing as much as 
sixteen ordinary bottles, is still preserved at the castle of Kilravock. This 
bowl Mr. Kay greatly admired, and said that he would like to see it filled. 
In consequence, immediately after dinner, the bowl, filled with good whiskey- 
punch, was placed on the Prince's table. After drinking a few glasses of wine, 
Prince Charles rose to depart, as did also Mr. Kay ; but the Prince good- 
humouredly said, " No, no, Kay, since yon have challenged that bowl, you 



WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 351 

tutor to England, where they proceeded to the academy 
kept by the celebrated Dr. Doddridge, at Northampton, 
in which establishment an intimacy, which continued 
through life, commenced with Dr. William Farr, M.D. 
also an inmate ; and whose elder daughter, Dr. Rose's son, 
Samuel, afterwards married. Here, too, he met, and was 
united to Sarah, the eldest daughter of Dr. Samuel Clark, 
a dissenting minister of considerable repute in that town, 
by whom he had a numerous family. After his marriage 
he kept a boarding school at Kew, and on his removal to 
Chiswick, conducted a very numerous academy with 
increasing credit and success, for nearly thirty years, until 
the period of his sudden and unexpected decease, from 
gout in the stomach, on the 4th of July, 1786, at the age 
of 67. Mr. Strachan, the King's printer, and alderman 
Cadell, the opulent bookseller, being appointed his exe- 
cutors. 

must stay to see it out." Kay, however, only took a glass, aud accompanied 
his royal master to Culloden, where they slept. 

The next day, the Duke of Cumberland stopped on his march at the gate 
of Kilravock castle, and Mx. Rose having gone out to receive him, the Duke 
said, " So I understand you had my cousin, Charles, here yesterday." "Yes, 
please your Royal Highness," replied Mr. R. " not having an armed force, I 
could not prevent his visit." " You did perfectly right," said the Duke, " and 
I entirely approve of your conduct." So saying, he rode on to Culloden 
Moor. 

The fifteenth Hugh (1772), who possessed the necessary country in-and- 
out-a-door requisites of being a famous fiddler and superior shot, dying without 
issue in 1782, was succeeded, after five years' litigation, in 1787, by his sister, 
Mrs. Elizabeth Rose, who by her able and active management of the estate, 
gave a strong proof in her own person of the injustice, as well as want of 
gallantry, of the Salic law ; enclosures substantially fenced — lakes and farms 
extensively drained — above 1000 acres of moor-ground planted with Scotch 
fir and larch — considerable additions to the already valuable family library — 
and finally, a very interesting literary correspondence with Burns, the poet, 
are sufiicient evidences of her valuable qualities and literary attainments. 
Dying in 1815, this amiable and excellent woman, who to her other accomplish- 
ments united great proficiency in music, was succeeded by her son, the sixteenth 
Hugh, who was lieutenant-colonel of the Inverness-shire militia, and after- 
wards commanded the local militia of the county of Nairn, of which he was 
vice-lieutenant. At this gentleman's death, his sou, the present proprietor, 
came into possession of the estate. 

Kilravock's paternal arms are or. a boar's head cooped gul. betwixt three 
water budgets, sab. Crest, an harp az. Motto, Constant and True. 



352 HISTORY OF CHISW1CK. 

* 

Besides editing Dodsley's " Preceptor," containing a 
general and complete course of education, which was pub- 
lished in 2 vols. 8vo. in 1748, with Johnson's elaborate 
Preface, the seventh edition, appearing in 1783, and com- 
piling several judicious elementary works in English, 
French, and Latin. Dr. Rose was also the author of the 
elegant and standard translation of " Sallust," which was 
printed with his name, in 1751. 

His connection with Dr. Griffiths, whose second wife 
(thejlrst not being very agreeably represented in Prior's 
Life of poor Goldsmith,) was a sister of Mrs. Rose, 
led to the establishment of the once far-famed " Monthly 
Review;"* and whether he, Mr. Cleland, the son of the 
" Spectator's" Will Honeycourt, but now chiefly remem- 
bered for less creditable reasons, or Dr. Griffiths himself, 
originally suggested the undertaking, there can be no 
doubt that, notwithstanding his daily laborious avocations, 
he was its earliest and most valuable supporter. His con- 
tributions on classical subjects have been since pronounced 
by very competent judges to afford ample proof of sound 
and distinguished attainments. 

His now established reputation and proximity to the 
metropolis, naturally conduced to his acquaintance with 
the principal literary characters of the day ; and Dr. Rose 
enjoyed the proud distinction of being almost the only 
Scotchman (q y - was Boswell himself an exception,) whom 
Samuel Johnson really ever loved. The following from 
Murphy's Essay on his Life and Genius, will, although 



* Smollett was one of the contributors ; and his secession and establishment 
of the rival but very inferior " Critical Review," were occasioned by an article 
written by Mrs. Carter, pointing out that the numerous errors in his Don 
Quixote arose from his utter ignorance of the Spanish language, and his con- 
sequent adoption of all the blunders of the French translators. Lord Wood- 
houselee, on the contrary, in his " Essay on Translation," whilst admitting all 
Smollett's imperfections and disqualifications for his task, rather attributes his 
failure to his unacknowledged adoption of Jarvis's version, which he vulgarised 
in style, and augmented its general faults. Tbe two criticisms, however, are 
quite compatible, Jarvis himself having a very imperfect knowledge of Spanish 
lore. 



WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 353 

the latter is not very clearly expressed, sufficiently attest 
their terms of familiar intimacy. 

" The late Dr. Rose, of Chiswisk, whom Johnson loved 
and respected, contended for the pre-eminence of the 
Scotch writers ; and Ferguson's book on Civil Society, 
then on the eve of publication, he said, would give the 
laurel to North Britain. i( Alas ! what can he do upon 
that subject ?" said Johnson : "Aristotle, Polybius, Gro- 
tius, PufFendorf, and Burlemaqui, have reaped in that 
field before him." He will treat it said Dr. Rose, " in a 
new manner." A new manner ! Buckinger had no hands, 
and he wrote his name with his toes at Charing Cross, for 
half a crown a piece ; that was a new manner of writing!" 
Dr. Rose replied, " If that will not satisfy you, I will 
name a writer, whom you must allow to be the first in the 
kingdom." " Who is that?" " The earl of Bute, when 
he wrote an order for your pension." " There sir," said 
Johnson, " you have me in the toil : to lord Bute I must 
allow whatever praise you may claim for him." Ingratitude 
was no part of Johnson's character."* 

" That he (Johnson) often argued for the sake of 
triumph over his adversary, cannot be doubted. Dr. Rose, 
of Chiswick, has been heard to tell a friend of his, who 
thanked him for introducing him to Dr. Johnson, as he 
had been convinced in the course of a long dispute, that 
an opinion, which he had embraced as a settled truth, 
was no better than a vulgar error. This being reported 
to Johnson, " Nay," said he, " do not let him be thankful, 
for he was right and I was wrong." Like his uncle at 
Smithfield, Johnson in a circle of disputants, was deter- 
mined neither to be thrown nor conquered." 

* It is right, however, to say, that Boswell doubts the genuineness of the 
latter part of this anecdote, Johnson having assured him that he had never 
heard of Dr. E.'s rejoinder touching Lord Bute. 

There is another story extant on the same subject, unnoticed by Murphy. 
On Dr. E.'s stoutly maintaining the literary fame of his countrymeu, and 
Johnson knocking down, with very little ceremony, Hume, Adam Smith, 
Ferguson, Blair, and Robertson, as they were successively brought forward, 
a pause ensued, when Johnson, looking around with an air of triumph, 
exclaimed, " Well,, sir, any more of your northern lights ?" 



354 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Johnson was a frequent and familiar visitor both at Kew 
and Chiswick ; and at the former place when once invited in 
the summer by his host, to take a stroll in the adjacent royal 
domain, the residence of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and 
subsequently of the Princess Dowager and family, replied, 
" No sir, I will never walk in the gardens of an usurper!"* 
a tolerably convincing proof, though something must be 
allowed for characteristic contradiction and strength of 
expression, of the doctor's unabated Jacobite partialities 
at a period when Culloden's crushing catastrophe was still 
fresh and festering in the minds and memories of the adhe- 
rents of the exiled family. 

To the mistress of the house he does not appear to have 
been very communicative, as after spending the day, on 
her helping him to his usual or rather unusual number of 
cups of tea in the afternoon, he would merely say, 
" Madam, I am afraid that I give you a great deal of 
trouble."! 

Johnson died in December, 1784, and his friend, though 
by ten years the younger man, only survived him eighteen 
months. 

Amongst the remarkable inhabitants of Chiswick, was 
Dr. Rose's intimate acquaintance, James Ralph, the poli- 
tical writer and historian, himself once a schoolmaster at 
Philadelphia; who appears by Dodington's Diary, and 
other records of the period, to have been long in the con- 
fidence and service of Leicester-house* At his death, of 
gout, at the end of January, 1762, followed in a few weeks 
by that of his only daughter, in her eighteenth year, of the 

* This anecdote, inter alia, was communicated to Mr. Croker, for insertion 
in Lis edition of Boswell ; and, considering that Johnson's strong hereditary 
Jacobitism was already quite notorious; and that since the death of the 
Cardinal York, the last male descendant of the Stuarts, at Rome, in 1807, only 
a remote interest, through a female branch, has vested in the royal family of 
Sardinia; my readers will probably see no sufficient reason for, or possible 
benefit from, its further suppression. 

t It seems to have escaped the notice of those who recount the doctor's 
tea-drinking exploits, that, in addition to his taking little else, the small old- 
fashioned china cups and saucers then in use, were scarcely, if at all, larger 
than children's tea-things of the present day. 



WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 355 

same disease, he left all his papers to Dr. Rose, who find- 
ing amongst them a private and bitter correspondence 
between George the Second, and his son, Frederick, Prince 
of Wales, immediately transmitted the original documents 
to Lord Bute, then prime minister, neither stipulating for 
nor receiving fee or reward: conduct, which although 
redounding greatly to his honour, will, it is to be feared, 
find but few imitators in the present calculating age.* 

In January, 1766, the quiet village was " frighted from 
her propriety," by the arrival of the celebrated Rousseau, 
who took lodgings there, to be near to Dr. Rose, perhaps, 
on the recommendation of David Hume, at whose invi- 
tation he had repaired to this country, in consequence of 
the outcry raised against him abroad by the publication of 
his " Emile," " Contrat Social," and other works. f 

On his approach, Dr. Rose might well have been excused 
for apostrophising his new neighbour in the words of 
a poet, now nearly forgotten, but then much read and 
quoted. 



* The true account of this transaction having been given in the text, it 
seems scarcely worth while to notice a very different version in " Nichols's 
Literary Anecdotes of the 18th Century" Whence Sylvamis Urban procured 
his information does not appear, but the writer has every reason to believe 
that the circumstances of the daughter (who survived her father but a few 
weeks) receiving a pension of £150 a-year — of Dr. R. himself being largely 
remunerated — and of his means and mode of living, hitherto very straitened, 
having in consequence been suddenly and greatly altered for the better — 
though confidently brought forward, are altogether without foundation. A 
memoir of Ralph, in the Penny Cyclopedia, intimates that he was liberally 
rewarded in his life-time for surrendering a certain (unnamed), valuable docu- 
ment ; but this story again scarcely agrees with his leaving behind him a box 
of these sibylline leaves — evidently regarded as a provision for a destitute 
child — which, already much deteriorated in value by the lapse of ten years 
since the death of his royal patron in I? 52, and the more recent decease of 
George the Second, would have been rendered still less profitable by the 
knowledge on the part of the government, that the most important record had 
been, through purchase, long in their own hands. 

Surely, all things considered, Mr. Ralph, as a shrewd and practised man 
of the world, would himself have disposed of all or none of these lettres 
mysterieitses. 

t Is it possible that a Iranslation of the Heloise, published by Griffiths, in 
1 vols, duodecimo, had anything to do with the introduction ? 



35(j HISTORY OF CHISWICK, 

" Oil fly ! 'lis dire suspicion's mien ; 
And meditating plagues nnseen, 
The sorceress hither bends. 
Behold her torch in gall imbru'd ; 
Behold her garment drops with blood 
Of lovers and of friends." 

Akenside. 

Little is now known respecting his brief sojourn, except 
that Dr. Rose was sorely puzzled between the vehement 
and repeated intreaties of the leading has Metis to be 
introduced to the all -interesting stranger, and his morbid 
horror of society, and resolute determination to maintain 
his privacy. 

The heartless and mischievous publication of Horace 
Walpole's letter, written in the name of the King of 
Prussia, had at once the effect of putting an end to Rous- 
seau's residence in England, and, by filling his mind with 
unconquerable distrust, of occasioning a furious quarrel 
with one of his most sincere and attached friends, David 
Hume. 

This is not exactly the place to consider either his lite- 
rary or moral character ; but, before quitting the subject, 
it may be interesting to give a cursory glance at the 
different shades of opinion, deliberately entertained of his 
very mixed and inconsistent qualities by succeeding and 
eminent writers. 

Lord Byron, a somewhat kindred erratic genius, in the 
third Canto of " Childe Harolde" thus describes him. 

" Here the self-torturing sophist, wild Rousseau, 
The apostle of affliction, he who threw 
Enchantment over passion, and from woe 
Wrung overwhelming eloquence, first drew 
The breath which made him wretched ; yet he knew 
How to make madness beautiful, and cast 
O'er erring deeds and thoughts a heavenly hue 
Of words, like sunbeams, dazzling as they past 
The eyes, which o'er them shed tears feelingly and fast." 

His lordship's friend Mr. Moore, on the contrary, from 
whom an unfavourable judgment on the score, at least, of 
strict morality, might not have been anticipated, in his 



WILLIAM ROSE, LI D. 357 

cf Rhymes on the Road," exclaims with much " virtuous 
indignation" 

" Strange power of genius that can throw 
O'er all that's vicious, weak, and low. 
Such magic lights, such rainbow dies, 
As dazzle e'en the steadiest eyes. 

'Tis too absurd — 'tis weakness, shame, 
This low prostration before Fame — 
This casting down, beneath the car 
Of idols, whatsoe'er they are. 
Life's purest, holiest decencies, 
To be career'd o'er, as they please. 
No ! let triumphant Genius have 
All that his loftiest wish can crave. 
If he be worshipp'd, let it be 

For attributes, his noblest, first — 
Not with that base idolatry, 

Which sanctifies his last and worst. 

All this my heart could dwell on here,* 

But for those hateful memories near : 

Those sordid truths, that cross the track 

Of each sweet thought, and drive them back 

Full into all the mire and strife 

And vanities of that man's life ; 

Who, more than all that e'er have glow'd 

With Fancy's flame) and it was his 
If ever giv'n to mortal) shew'd 

What an impostor Genius is. 

Out on the craft — I'd rather be 

One of those hinds that round me tread. 
With just enough of sense to see 

The noon-day sun that's o'er my head. 
Than thus with high-built genius curst, 

That hath no heart for its foundation, 
Be all at once that's brightest — worst — 

Sublimest — meanest in creation !" 

In adding that Sir Egerton Brydges' opinion coincides 
with Lord Byron's, while those of Sir Walter Scott and 
Lord Broughamf agree more nearly with that of Mr. 

* Les Charmettes. 

+ His Lordship's comparative toleration of the peccadilloes of Rousseau's 
great contemporary, Voltaire, brings to mind a cbaracteristic story of the 
latter, told to the writer by a valued old friend, now no more, who was born 
at Lausanne, in 1700 ; the patriarch having settled at Ferney, about 1758, 
and continued to reside there for twenty years. In such a neighbourhood, of 
course everybody must, for the nonce, be literary and theatrical ; and amongst 



858 HISTORY OF GHISW1CK. 

Moore, it may be observed, that the verdict on Rousseau 
will be generally rather influenced by the temperament, 
feelings, and dispositions, than by the sober judgment of 
such as endeavour to solve the riddle. 

To return, however, to Dr. Rose, with whose family 
Mr. Berry and his daughters, Mary and Agnes, then resi- 
dent at College-house, were very intimate. These ladies, 
afterwards respectively called the Tragic and Comic Musse, 
became well known by Horace Walpolc having addressed 
to them his amusing " Reminiscences," and by his bequest 
of little Strawbery-hill. On their return from the Con- 
tinent, it was reported that the elder had declined the 
proffered hand of no less a personage than the King of 
Sweden ; to which was "soon added that of her ancient 
admirer, Horace Walpole himself, who, upon hearing the 
rumour, is alleged to have written an Epigram, — the 
point consisting in his willingness to add a Strata to 
Berry. Miss Berry has since distinguished herself in 
the literary world as the authoress of various elegant 
and interesting publications ; and her converzaziones still 
continue among the most select and attractive in the 
metropolis. 

Edward Moore, originally a linen-draper, the author 
of " Fables for the Female Sex," the tragedy of the 
" Gamester," two forgotten comedies, and editor of the 
" World," a collection of periodical Essays, was also a 
neighbour. His name was sufficiently open to the puns 
of others ; and on one occasion, the title of the last named 
work gave rise to a pleasantry of his own. Being regular 
church-goers, his wife, the daughter of Hamilton, table- 
decker to the princesses, being exceedingly anxious for 
her good man's welfare both here and hereafter, on their 
return remarked, that he had been unusually distrait and 
inattentive during the service, when he replied, " Indeed, 

the rest, a noted and aspiring barber, at Geneva, wrote a tragedy, which, with 
some difficulty, the wit was induced to promise to read, and favour the author 
with his opinion. At the time appointed, Voltaire from his study espied the 
poor awe-struck perruquier enter the iron gates and approach up the avenue ; 
when, throwing up the window, and the manuscript out of it, lie exclaimed, 
" Go, curj your wig — curl your wig," and immediately disappeared. 



WILLIAM ROSE,, LL.D. 359 

my dear, that's very odd, too, for I was thinking the whole 
time of the next world I " 

With the notice of Murphy, in consequence of his 
friendship* with Dr. Rose, also fixing his residence at 
Chiswick ; and of their being another large seminary kept 
by Mr. Crawford, at the Manor-house, these desultory 
local memoranda must be now concluded. 

Mr. Henry Dundas, afterwards lord Melville, desirous 
that his son, the present viscount, should get rid of the 
northern accent, placed him with Dr. Rose, who subse- 
quently recommended Mr. John Bruce, Professor of 
Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh, to be his travelling tutor 
during a long continental tour. This introduction led to 
very important changes in Mr. Bruce's prospects ; as after 
resigning his professorship, he Avas appointed historiogra- 
pher to the East India Company, and keeper of the State 
Paper Office. He also sat for thirty years as the repre- 
sentative of a Cornish borough; and dying immensely 
rich, bequeathed his wealth, in failure of his niece leaving 
issue, to found a college at Falkland in his native country. 
Those who remember Mr. Bruce in a later day, will, per- 
haps, be tempted to smile at the partiality of his kind 
friend in selecting him to impart the blessings of a pure 
English pronunciation * 

Numerous, indeed, were the literary aspirants — parti- 
ticularly from his " ain countree," to whom advice, pro- 
tection, and pecuniary aid were liberally extended ; and 
Dr. Gillies, the historian of Greece, and author of several 
other works, was amongst the many who received, but the 

* A character of Dr. Rose, which appeared with the signature of H. B. in the 
" European Magazine" for October, 1789, then edited by Isaac Reed, has 
been attributed to Mr. Bruce, and bears handsome testimony to his friend's 
estimable qualities. 

In the obituary of the " Gentleman's Magazine," for July, 1786, Dr. R.'s 
death is thus noticed : — 

" Died at his house in Chiswick, Dr. William Rose, a gentleman well known 
in the republic of letters, and highly esteemed for his public spirit, his friendly 
disposition, his amiable and cheerful temper, and his universal bene\o]ence. 
He published an edition of " Sallust," and was largely concerned in the 
" Monthly Review." 



o60 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

few who ever acknowledged, very valuable assistance in 
the outset of life. 

Although a prcsbyterian, Dr. Rose was so tolerant, and 
his mind so free from sectarian spirit, that the liberal and 
enlightened Dr. Lowth, bishop of London, at whose table 
he was a constant and welcome guest, suggested his con- 
formity to the church, with the prospect of ample pro- 
vision. The acceptance of this well intended offer, 
however, being peculiarly obnoxious to the imputation of 
interested motives, was, after mature consideration, respect- 
fully declined ; although his general objections like those 
of Watts and Doddridge, were understood to apply more 
to the discipline, than the doctrines of the establishment. 

The example, in this respect, of his brother-reviewer, the 
learned Samuel Badcock, the real author of Dr. White's 
Bampton Lectures, certainly afforded but little encourage- 
ment to similar changes ; his days being embittered and 
probably shortened by the most acrimonious controversies 
with Priestley* and others of his quondam associates. 

Bitter contest, indeed, would have ill suited the bene- 
volent character of the subject of these scattered notices. 
Liberal and disinterested in his disposition, open and art- 
less in his nature, simple and unaffected in his manners, 
(usually the accompaniment of a really superior mind,) 
Dr. Rose's character is well described by Pope's line on Gay, 

" In wit+ a man, simplicity a child." 

and his cordial and hearty qualities consequently rendered 

* Dr. Priestley's name recals an anecdote, putting his industry and perse- 
verance in a strong light. Dr. Rose was rallying him on his frequent cliange 
of religious belief, and good-humouredly enquired what precise creed he thought 
of finally adopting, when his friend replied, " Why, sir, I have already gone 
through the Fathers twice, and am now engaged in reading them for the third 
time ; after which, I shall permanently make up my mind on the subject." 
Now, considering that the works of the Fathers of the Church amount to 
nearly 200 folio volumes, whatever may be thought of Priestley's theological 
opinions, it is evident that they were the result of a course of laborious inves- 
tigation, which few would be willing, or indeed able, to undergo. 

+ In the common acceptation of the word, " wit" was not characteristic of 
Dr. P.. but genial humour — " the most companionable laugh," as Lord Ogleby 



WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 861 

him as much a favourite in his intercourse with society, as his 
kind and warm affections endeared him to his family ^circle. 
His eldest daughter, Anne, married Mr. Foss, a respect- 
able solicitor in London, and a descendant of archbishop 
Tillotson ; and Sarah, the second, was united to the Rev. 
Charles Burney, D.D.* the eminent Greek scholar, who 
had assisted her father in his school, and belonged to 
a family of varied celebrity. His father, Dr. Charles 
Burney, Mus. D. published the " History of Music," 
" A Life of Metastasio," the present state of " Music in 
France and Italy," which was ridiculed in a humorous 
publication, called the " Musical Travels of Joel Collier," 
and an " Account of the Commemoration of Handel at 
Westminster Abbey, in 1784 y" his elder brother, admiral 
James Burney, accompanied captain Cook in his second and 
third voyages round the world, and was the author of the 
" History of Voyages of Discovery in the Southern Ocean ;" 
whilst " Evelina," " Cecilia," and " Camilla," the produc- 
tions of his sister, Frances, afterwards Mad. D'Arblay, 
were names once familiar as household words ; and his 

says of Canton — ex. gr. His son, when quite a lad, was sitting at the bottom 
of the dinner-table at a large party at home, when, not having spoken for the 
day, he at length in a very piano tone, ventured to ask his father the amount 
of the revenues of the bishopric of Norwich. " Why, Sam," said Dr. R. 
"lam not very well informed on the subject, but if you have any particular 
views on the diocese, I will make it my business to ascertain the fact with 
accuracy." " Sam," certainly, did notpursue his game that day, and the subject 
was probably adjourned sine die. 

* Dr. B. had a splendid library, and was also a liberal purchaser, generally, 
of literary curiosities. Amongst his many treasures, now in the British 
Museum, was a perfect collection of the Garrick play-bills. .The Rev. Mr. 
Genest, of Bath, the author of the " History of the Stage, from 10GO to 1830," 
in 10 vols. 8vo. who was devoted to the subject, had also the same series, but 
unluckily wanting one bill, which he had never been able to procure. He 
therefore preferred a humble request to his more fortunate brother, that he 
might be allowed to copy the much-coveted qffiche in MS., pledging his honour 
not to have a fac-simile printed. The Doctor, however, not too well pleased 
to find a labourer in the same field, so close upon his heels, and still less 
inclined to diminish the distance by removing the inequality, met the petition 
with a prompt and vigorous refusal. 

Verily, in all favourite pursuits, it is quite necessary to make ample allowance 
for the exclusive and all-engrossing spirit of collectorship ; even when, as in 
this instance, coupled with the most amiable and kind-hearted disposition. 



HISTORY OF CHISW1CK. 

younger sister, Sarah, the authoress of" Clarentine," " Coun- 
try Neighbours," " Traits of Nature," &c. followed in the 
same path with considerable, though much inferior success. 

Of the descendants by these marriages, Mr. Edward 
Foss, following his father's profession, became chairman of 
the Incorporated Law Society, and a magistrate for the 
county of Surrey, whilst his brother Henry is a member 
of the well-known firm of Payne and Foss, classical book- 
sellers, Pall Mall ; and the Rev. Charles Parr Burney, D. D. 
is archdeacon of St. Albans, and rector of Sible Heding- 
ham, Essex. The Rev. George Clark, nephew of Mrs. 
Rose, and son of the late Joseph Clark, Esq. receiver 
general for the county of Northampton,* has been for 
nearly forty years the much respected chaplain of the 
Royal Military Asylum at Chelsea ; and Dr. Rose's great 
nephew, the late Rev. Hugh Rose, a very distinguished 
scholar, was at the time of his early and lamented decease, 
the principal of King's College, London, and his surviving 
brother the Rev. Henry J. Rose, late fellow of St. John's 
College, Cambridge, holds the living of Houghton Con- 
quest, Bedfordshire. 

Dr. Rose had three sons, — but, a short sketch is sub- 
joined of the brief career of the only one who survived his 
father ; and whose own early death was the source of deep 
and lasting regret to his family and a large circle of attached 
and admiring friends. 

* This gentleman was a very popular and agreeable companion, and famous 
for bis vers de sociele, charades, ban mots, &c. In early life be bad taken an 
active part in tbe great election for Northamptonshire, in favour of the Spencer 
interest, which he supported by numerous squibs, pasquinades, hand-bills, &c. 
and became a great and lasting favourite at Althorpe. The contest was carried 
on by the Earls of Spencer, Northampton, and another nobleman; and ended 
in the ruin of one — the broken heart of a second — and something equally 
pleasant happening to the third party. 

Mr. C. however, surviv'd the fray, 

And liv'd to joke another day ; 

Being, certes, one of the favour'd few, 

Who fcather'd his nest in the hollabolloo. 
At this distance of time little of his pleasantry is remembered that was not of 
merely local or passing interest; but his neat definition of tbe two very dif- 
ferent meanings of the word " form" — " that we sit on tbe one and stand on 
the other" — is worth preserving. 



WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 363 

Samuel Rose, the second son of the above, was born at 
Chiswick on the 20th June, 1767 ; and after receiving 
the benefit of his Father's tuition, was sent in 1784 to 
complete his education at Glasgow, and lived in the house 
of Mr. William Richardson, a professor in the University, 
and author of " Essays on Shakspere's Dramatic Cha- 
racters," &c. &c. During the three winters of his residence 
as a student, he contended for all the prizes which were 
given, and, with a single exception, succeeded in obtaining 
them. On leaving college, where he gained the esteem 
of professors Young and Millar, who, with his estimable 
domestic tutor, maintained a correspondence with him 
through life, he for a short time attended the law courts 
at Edinburgh, and obtaining an introduction to the 
celebrated Adam Smith, that truly eminent man was so 
highly pleased with his young and lively English acquaint- 
ance, that he was constantly invited to Mr. Smith's select 
parties during his stay in the Scotch metropolis. A per- 
manent friendship was also formed with Mr. Mackenzie, 
fondly termed by his partial countrymen, " the Addison 
of the North ! " which was on several occasions personally 
renewed in London. 

Two of his brother students with whom he was very 
intimate at Glasgow, still survive, the very distinguished 
lawyer, Mr. George Cranstoun, late dean of Faculty, and 
since raised to the bench by the title of lord Corehouse, 
the early friend of Sir Walter Scott, and brother of the 
Countess Purgstall, (somewhat unceremoniously intro- 
duced to the public by Captain Basil Hall's Schloss Hain- 
feldj and Mrs. Dugald Stewart; and Mr. Jaines Glass- 
ford, a gentleman of very elegant acquirements, formerly 
an advocate at the bar, and subsequently appointed a 
Commissioner of Education enquiry in Ireland : both, 
well qualified judges, remember and acknowledge with 
melancholy satisfaction, the bright and early promise 
exhibited by the less fortunate companion of their youth- 
ful pursuits. 

On returning to England, in consequence of his father's 
unlooked for death, Mr. Rose, in accordance with his 
earnest and uniform desire to be acquainted with eminent 



364 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

literary characters, paid a visit to Mr. Cowper, then 
residing at Weston Underwood, near Olney. As, however, 
the origin and progress of their most confidential and 
affectionate intercourse, which only terminated with the 
Poet's life, in 1800, is fully described in Mr. Hayley's 
publication of his Life and Letters, as well as in his Sup- 
plementary Memoir of Mr. Rose, and more briefly in 
Southey's edition, it may be unnecessary here to say 
more on the subject, than that Mr. Canning in a letter 
addressed to Mr. Rose's widow, in December 1820, took 
occasion to term him " Comperes best friend " 

Choosing the law as a profession, he placed himself in 
1787, for three years under Mr. Serjeant Praed, the eminent 
special pleader, and afterwards chairman of the board for 
Auditing Public Accounts. In 1790, his marriage took place 
with Sarah, the elder daughter of Dr. Farr, who had been 
his father's intimate friend. In 1792, appeared his improved 
edition of" Lord Chief Baron Comyn's Reports." In 
1796, he was called to the bar at Lincoln's-Inn, and 
attached himself to the home circuit and Sussex sessions. 
In 1800, he published a new edition of " Comyn's 
Digest of the Laws of England," corrected and continued 
to that date; and also joined his friend, Mr. Hayley in 
assisting Gibbon's Executor, Lord Sheffield, in preparing 
the Historian's " Miscellaneous and Posthumous Works " 
for the press. In 1803, he edited " Dr. Goldsmith's Miscel- 
laneous Works" in 4 volumes 8vo. and wrote the prefatory 
Memoir ;* the particulars of the poet's early career being 
chiefly supplied by his old literary friend and club compa- 
nion, the venerable Dr. Percy, bishop of Dromore, then still 
living in retirement and old asre at his diocese in Ireland. 

* Mr. R.'s share in the publication was anonymous ; but he has been since 
named as the editor of the works and author of the memoir, in the Rev. Mr 
Carey's "Notes on Johnson's Lives of the Poets," inserted in Mr. John Scott's 
" London Magazine," edited on his death by the now equally lamented 
Thomas Hood. These " notes" are written with a research and critical 
acumen not unworthy of the translator of Dante ; and, considering the cart- 
loads of rubbish which are constantly transferred from their fitting depositaries, 
the fashionable Magazines of the day, it is rather odd that they have not," ere 
this, been published in a separate form ; or is it because there really are not 
a sufficient number of congenial readers left to secure a modes! but sterling 
little volume from proving a total loss or comparative failure ? 



WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 

Connected with the proprietor by family tics, he was 
also, like his father, a regular contributor to the " Monthly 
Review;" chiefly, though not entirely, confining himself 
to articles on legal subjects. 

Having been much noticed by Hogarth's widow, (Sir 
James ThornhilPs daughter,) who prior to her death in 
1789 at the age of 80, had long resided at Chiswick, he was 
in possession of many personal anecdotes of the painter's 
life, character, and manners, the want of which has been 
so much felt and regretted by Allan Cunningham and his 
other biographers. On Hogarth's death, a Mrs. Mary 
Lewis was employed to sell his prints in Leicester Square. 
This person (who survived until 1808) lived a good deal 
with Mrs. Hogarth as a companion, and after her decease, 
resided altogether in the same house, where Mr. Rose 
continued to be a very frequent visitor. He was conse- 
quently engaged by Dr. Kippis,* also a Monthly Reviewer, 
to write a Memoir of Hogarthf for the " Biographia Bri- 
tannica;" but that work, after the publication of five 
volumes in folio, stopping at the name of Fastolf, the task 
was never executed; and probably much curious and 
amusing matter " which the world would not willingly let 
die," shared a too common fate in failing to be timely 
rescued from oblivion. 

Mr. Rose had in early youth suffered severely from 
periodical head-aches. Whilst ploughing the proverbially 

* Doddridge, as is well known, was an Arian, whilst Kippis, though his 
friend and pupil, being an Unitarian, " went further," but whether he " fared 
worse" is not equally certain. 

+ In which his good taste would probably have induced Mr. R. to notice 
the mistake made in inscribing Garrick's instead of Johnson's lines on the 
" great painter's" tomb. 

Garrick's epitaph having been already inserted in this work, need not be 
repeated here. The strain is above his usual pitch, and he probably did his 
best ; the first stanza being measured and graceful, and the last, character- 
istically light and easy : but when compared to the strong sense and strength 
of expression condensed in Johnson's four lines, the difference is immense. 
" Look on that picture, and on this." 

Tbe hand of him here torpid lies, 

That drew the essential form of grace ; 
Here clos'd in death the attentive eyes, 
That saw the manners in the face. 



see 



HIKTOllY OF CH IS WICK. 



heavy way to legal name and fortune, his mind was much 
harassed by the pressure of anxieties incidental to the pro- 
vision of a young family; and in the beginning of 1804, 
his constitution, never very robust, discovered a decided 
tendency to pulmonary consumption, of which fatal dis- 
ease — after twelve months of severe suffering — he died on 
the £0th December, in the 38th year of his age, a period, 
alas ! 

" too short for friendship, not for fame." 

Mr. Rose largely inherited his father's intellectual and 
social qualities and fine literary tastes. His manners were 
polished and engaging, and his conversation animated, 
lively, and most agreeably imbued with the knowledge 
and spirit of the Belles Lettres. His judgment of books 
and of the relative value of the best editions, was excel- 
lent ; whilst his classical knowledge well qualified him to 
join Mr. Fuseli in the revision of Cowper's translation of 
Homer, for the press, and to undertake a new edition of Dr. 
Rose's Sallust, to which he had intended to prefix a Memoir 
of his father, — a duty, however, he did not live to perform, 
but which, in his case, would have been truly " a labour 
of love." 

At the bar he was encouragingly noticed by LordKenyon; 
and among his legal contemporaries who have since 
attained to eminence, was intimate with Lords Tenterden 
and Wynford, SirVicary Gibbs, Judges Park, Garrow, and 
Gurney, Sir Samuel Toller, and Messrs. Jekyl, Robert 
Smith, Jervis, and Adolphus. He received the appoint- 
ment of counsel to the Duke of Kent; and was much 
patronized by the Earl of Egremont, Lord Sheffield, and 
Sir George Shuckburgh, celebrated for his proficiency in 
scientific pursuits. His more general acquaintance in- 
cluded the dramatic authors, Cumberland and Murphy, 
and the admirable but now scarcely remembered actress, 
Miss Pope — a worthy relic of the time and school of 
Garrick ; the poets Cowper, Hayley, Hurdis, and Rogers ; 
the artists West, Romney, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Paul 
Sandby, Fuseli, and Flaxman ; the miscellaneous writers 



WILLIAM HOSE, LL.D. 



\67 



Dr. Aikin, Alexander Chalmers, and Mrs. Barbauld ; the 
novelists Madame D'Arblay and Charlotte Smith; and 
above all, the unrivalled scholars Professor Porson, the 
Rev. Drs. Parr and Burney,* and Gilbert Wakefield. 

Dying at his residence in Chancery Lane, he was, in 
compliance with his oft-expressed feeling, that " where 
the tree falls, there let it lie," interred at his parish church 
of St. Andrew, Holborn ; and the following lines to his 
memory were written by his friend and biographer, 
Mr. Hayley— 

" Esteem' d, adinir'd, and lost in manhood's prime — 
But who shall question God's appointed time ? 
Rash grief, profane not Eose's hallow' d tomb, 
Tho' heav'n its gifts of earthly hope resume ; 
Learning, and wit,t and eloquence, and truth, 
The patient thought of age, the zeal of youth, 
To man these bright endowments seem'd to claim 
A long and rich career of legal fame. 
But angels often from their sire impart, 
His earthly summons to the pure in heart. 
Friendship must weep, tho' faith with blameless pride, 
Tells how the Christian triumph'd, as he died ; 
Earth's dearest blessings round his heart entwin'd, 
To God who gave them all, he all resign'd." 

Mr. R. left a widow and four sons, the second of whom, 
Captain Cowper Rose, R.E. (the poet's godson), is the 
author of " Four Years in South Africa;" and the youngest, 
George Edward, who died in October, 1825, at Odessa, 
of the Crimean fever, at the early age of twenty-seven, 
was English Professor at the Polish college of Krzemieniec, 
on the borders of the Ukraine, in Volhynia, where he 

* The second and last Lord Ashburton of his family ( Dunning' s son), when 
discussing the comparative merits of the great scholars of the day, said that 
" he thought Burney above par ;" and Sydney Smith's elder brother, Robert, 
(Canning's school-fellow Bobus, and coadjutor in the " Microcosm" at Eton), 
being asked if he didn't think Dr. Pari- the second best Greek scholar, 
pleasantly answered, " I can't say, not having tried him." 

+ In this respect Mr. B. was the reverse of his father, as he certainly 
possessed wit, but not humour. 

He gave " a taste of his quality" on his return from Edinburgh, by his 
allusion to the aboriginal state of certain conveniences of that metropolis, in 
his mauvaisc plaisanterie, " that necessaries in England were luxuries in 
Scotland." 



368 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

translated the Letters of John Sobicski, addressed to his 
queen, during the memorable siege of Vienna by the 
Turks, in 1683, and also made some researches in con- 
nexion with an intended History of Poland. 

Manor Farm House, situate in Chiswick-lane, is so 
called from a survey dated 1725, when it was in the tenure 
of lady Nevil. It belongs to the church of Westminster, 
and contributes to the payment of the fines, it was for 
many years inhabited by the Rev. Dr. Home as an 
academy, who succeeded Mr. Crawfurd. 

This capital mansion was built in the year 1697, by Sir 
Stephen Fox in the Wrenean style of architecture, and in 
imitation of the Royal Hospital at Chelsea,* towards the 
erection of which he had contributed upwards of thirteen 
thousand pounds. 

In the angles of the staircase cieling are shields encircled 
with oak leaves, bearing the arms of Fox, viz. — 

" On a chevron 3 foxes' heads erased, on a canton a fleur-de-lis, and on the 
leaden cistern is the date 1697, and the family crest: a fox sejant on a cap of 
maintenance." 

The riding house adjoining was one hundred feet long, 
twenty feet wide, with eight windows in the front, and 
the roof supported by columns. 

It is at present occupied as a medical asylum, by 
Dr. Tuke and Mr. Bell. 

Corney House. — The Russel family had an ancient 
seat in this parish, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, which 
belonged to Sir William Russel, afterwards Lord Russel 
of Thornhagh, a distinguished military character. Stowe, 
speaking of his heroic achievements at the battle of Lutz- 
hen, says, " he charged so terribly, that after he had broke 
his lance, he with his cur tie -ax so plaid his part, that the 
enemy reported him to be a devil, and not a man, for 
when he saw six or seven of the enemies together, thither 
would separate their friendship. "f On the 2nd of October, 

* See Faulkner's Hist, of Chelsea, vol. ii. p. 197, 1829. 
+ Stow's Annals, anno 1586, p. 737, London, 10-11. 



CORNEY HOUSE. 369 

1602, the queen honoured him with a visit at Chiswick.* 
It is probable that she had visited him the year before 
also. " I send you," says Sir William Brown, writing to 
Robert Sidney, " all the queen's entertainment at Chis- 
wick, and my lord keeper's. "f 

Sir William Russel's mansion descended to his only 
son, Francis, the First Earl of Bedford, who died on the 
eve of the civil war. 

From the interest he took in the concerns of this parish, 
it is probable that he frequently resided here. After the 
death of his widow, Catharine, Countess of Bedford, which 
happened in 1654, the premises at Chiswick were inherited 
according to the custom of the manor, by her youngest 
son, Edward, who, in the year 1659, aliened a freehold 
messuage to William Gomeldon. 

Since that time it has passed through various hands, and 
was, in 1747, the property of the Hon. Peregrine Widd- 
rington, who, by his will of that date, left it to his wife, 
the Duchess of Norfolk, for life, with remainder in succes- 
sion to his nephew, the Hon. W. Tempest Widdrington, 
and John Townley, Esq. and their heirs. Of the latter it 
was purchased by Sir C. W. Boughton Rouse, Bart, of 
Rouse Linch, in the county of Worcester, who, in 1802, 
sold it to Viscountess Bateman ; it was afterwards the 
property of Lady Caroline Darner, subject to a lease for 
life to the Countess Dowager of Macartney, who resided 
there with the late Earl, at the time of his decease, in 
April, 1806, The mansion was then called Corney House. 
Mr. Widdrington, in 1745, purchased certain tenements 
and a piece of land, called Corney Houses and Corney 
Close, adjoining to his own premises, which probably were 
the same houses and land which James Russel, youngest 
son of Edward, held in 1670, some time after the alien- 
ation of the mansion above mentioned. The premises 
were much improved by Mr. Townley, who surrounded 
the whole with a brick wall, and built a handsome lodge. 

* Queen Elizabeth's Progresses, 1601, p. 21. 
+ Sydney Papers, vol. ii. p. 231. 



370 HISTORY OF (IIISWICK. 

A house situated opposite the top of the road leading 
down to Corney House, called the " Turret House," was 
sold to Mr. Cock, -the gardener, in 1804, by Sir Rouse 
Boughton, Bart.* 

Corney House was pulled down in the year 1882, and the 
premises are now the property of his grace the Duke of 
Devonshire, f 

George, earl of Macartney was the only remaining son 
of George Macartney, and the only male descendant of 
his great grandfather, George Macartney, who removing 
into Ireland in the year 1649, settled near Belfast, in the 
county of Antrim, where he acquired a large estate. This 
ancestor of the earl was a captain of horse, surveyor general 
of the province of Ulster, and in the year 1688, at the 
head of his troop, proclaimed King William and Queen 
Mary at Belfast, for which he was soon after obliged to 
fly into England, and was attainted in King James's par- 
liament, held at Dublin in 1689 ; but being restored on 
the settlement of Ireland, he returned, where he soon 
after died. He constituted his wife executrix of his sons 
Chichester and George, from the latter of whom was 
descended the late earl of Macartney. 

He was born the 14th of May, 1787, at the family man- 
sion of Lissanoure. It may be sufficient to observe with 
regard to young Macartney, that at an early period of 
life he was under the tuition of a clever and ingenious 
clergyman of the name of Dennis, for whom his lordship 
always preserved a sincere attachment. At the age of 
thirteen he was admitted a fellow commoner of Trinity 
college, in the university of Dublin, and proceeded master 
of arts there in 1759. From Dublin he came to London, 
and was entered of the Societjr of the Middle Temple, 
where he formed an intimacy with Mr. Burke, and many 
other eminent characters. 

In the year 1764, Mr. Macartney was appointed envoy 
extraordinary to the Empress of Russia, and on this occa- 

* Lysons' Middx. MSS. Additions, Brit. Mus. 

+ Corney is supposed with great probability to be a corruption of the word 
thornhagh, a name belonging to the Russel family as earl; as the time of Queen 
Elizabeth. 



GEORGE VISCOUNT MACARTNEY. 371 

sion he received the honour of knighthood, on the first of 
February, 1768. Sir George Macartney was married to 
the right honourable lady Jane Stuart, second daughter 
of John earl of Bute, and in the month of April following, 
he was chosen one of the representatives of the borough 
of Cockermouth, in the parliament of Great Britain. 

On the first of January, 1769, he was appointed chief 
secretary of Ireland. 

In the month of October, 1774, he was chosen member 
of the British parliament, and in December, 1775, was 
appointed captain-general and governor-in-chief of the 
islands of Grenada, the Grenadines, and Tabago. On the 
10th of June, 1776, his Majesty was pleased to advance 
him to the peerage of Ireland, by the title of lord 
Macartney, baron of Lissanoure, in the county of Antrim. 

On his arrival at Grenada his first object was to restore 
harmony in the colonial legislature, his measures gave 
general satisfation, and the colony flourished. Early in 
July, 1779, the count D'Estaing appeared before the 
island with a large fleet, and seven thousand land troops; 
they soon effected a landing, and after a brave resistance 
lord Macartney was under the painful necessity of surren- 
dering at discretion to the superior and overwhelming 
force of the enemy. 

On the 2nd of May, 1792, lord Macartney received his 
appointment of ambassador extraordinary and plenipo- 
tentiary from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of 
China, and on the 28th June following, his Majesty was 
pleased further to advance him to the title of Viscount 
Macartney, of Dcrvock, in the county of Antrim. 

On the 17th March, his lordship left the coast of China, 
and on the 5th September, 1794, he landed at Ports- 
mouth. 

A man who had thus filled such various and eminent situ- 
ations in the four quarters of the globe, who with the eye 
of a statesman and a philosopher, had surveyed mankind in 
every region and climate of the earth, and who, after a 
long and laborious life spent in the service of his country 

with an unblemished reputation, resigned it at last full of 

o -„ o 

<v U tZ/ 



372 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

years and crowned with honour, in the midst of his friends, 
and in the bosom of his family. 

His remains were deposited in the churchyard of Chis- 
wick, according to his own desire, being near to a residence 
which he had hired a few years before for the joint lives 
of himself and lady Macartney, and in the improvement of 
which he took great pleasure * 

It appears by the court rolls that Sir Stephen Fox, in 
the year 1685, purchased a copyhold estate at Chiswick, 
on which he built a mansion, which he made his prin- 
cipal residence after he had retired from public business. 
King William was so pleased with it, that he is said to 
have exclaimed to the earl of Portland, upon his first visit, 
" this place is perfectly fine ; I could live here five days." 
This, it seems, was his Majesty's usual expresion when he 
was much pleased with a situation ; and he is said never 
to have paid the same compliment to any other place in 
England, except lord Exeter's, at Burleigh.f 

Evelyn, in his Memoirs, makes frequent mention of this 
place. 30th October, 1692. " I went with my lady Fox to 
survey her building, and give some directions for the 
garden at Chiswick. The architect is Mr. May, somewhat 
heavy and thick, and not so well understood, the garden 
much too narrow, the place without water, near the high- 
way, and near another great house of my lord Burlington, 
little land about it, so that I wonder at the expence, 
but women will have their will." 

" I went this morning to show my lord Chamberlayne, 
his lady, and the duchess of Grafton, the incomparable 
worth of Mr. Gibbons the carver ; thence to sir Stephen 
Fox's, where we spent the day, October 23. "J 

"At Sir Stephen Fox's, and was agreeing for the Coun- 
tess of Bristol's house, at Chelsea, within £500. Nov. 8.§" 

* Barrow's Memoirs of the earl of Macartney, Lond. 1807. 

+ Tour through England, 1738, vol. ii. p. 202. 

\ Evelyn's Memoirs, vol. i. 5] 2, 513. 

§ This house was afterwards purchased by the duke of Beaufort, and con- 
tinued to be the residence of that noble family till about the year 1720. It 
was bought by Sir Hans Sloane, Bart, in 1736. — See Faulkner's Hist, o, 
Chelsea, vol. ii. p. 133. 



SIR STEPHEN FOX. 



3 






Sir Stephen Fox's house was inherited by his youngest 
son Henry, who sold it to lord Wilmington, in 1728, from 
him it descended to James earl of Northampton, in 17-A4. 
Charlotte Lady Ferrers was admitted to it in 1735. 
It was sold by her husband the late marquis Townsend, 
to the late earl of Morton, and was called Morton-hall : it 
was purchased by the late Robert Stephenson, Esq. who 
sold it to the late lady Mary Coke ; she was the fourth, 
daughter of John duke of Argyle, and widow of Edward 
lord Coke, son of the earl of Leicester. Horace Walpole 
dedicated the ci Castle of Otranto" to this lady. 

The mansion was pulled down in the year 1812, and 
the site is now included in Chiswick House Gardens. 

Sir Stephen Fox was born at Farley, in Wiltshire, on 
the 27th May, 1627, being the second son of William 
Fox, Esq. of that place, a gentleman of good descent and 
considerable property. Upon his education in early 
youth great care was bestowed, and his proficiency both 
in learning and accomplishments soon became conspicuous, 
and amply rewarded the diligence of his tutors. Indeed, 
it was well for him that he did not permit the first years 
of his life to be wasted; for he had fallen upon such evil 
times, amid which, and long before the period when young 
men usually embark in a profession, England had become 
the seat of civil war. Though the family to which Stephen 
belonged engaged zealously in the royal cause, and his 
elder brother John fought in many battles, yet Stephen 
himself does not appear to have buckled on the sword. 
On the contrary, he seems to have devoted himself entirely 
to literary pursuits. But when the issue of the battle at 
Worcester took away their last hope from the Cavaliers, 
he found it impossible to remain in this country any 
longer. He fled therefore with his brother to Paris, which 
he reached in 1650, soon after he had completed his 
twenty -third year.* 

The Fox's were well received at the court of Charles 
the Second, as indeed their merits required that thev 
should be, and Stephen in particular, being patronized by 

* Life of Sir S. Fox, p. 21. London, 1724. 



374 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 

Henry, lord Percy, at that time chamberlain of the house- 
hold, was soon taken into official employment. How his 
talents were used, and in what estimation he came to be 
held the following extract from lord Clarendon's History 
of the Rebellion will show. " On the removal of his 
Majesty from Paris, the charge of governing the expences 
of his family, and of payment of the wages of the servants, 
and issuing all monies, as well as in journeys, as when the 
court resided anywhere, was committed to Mr. Stephen 
Fox, who was well qualified with languages and all other 
parts of clerkship, honesty, and discretion, as was neces- 
sary for such a trust; and, indeed, his great industry, 
modesty, and prudence, did very much contribute to the 
bringing of the family, which for so many years had been 
under no government, into very good order, by which his 
Majesty in the pinching straits of his condition, enjoyed 
very much ease from the time he left Paris." 

Mr. Fox received this appointment in 1652, of which he 
discharged the duties with so much zeal and intelligence, 
that he won the friendship, not only of his royal master, but 
of the King's sister, the Princess of Orange. It will be 
remembered, that this lady visited her brother at Cologne, 
during the temporary sojourn there of the exiled court. 
The king was then grieveously straitened in his means, of 
which, as was his custom, he endeavoured to take away 
the sting by treating it as a subject of merriment. Yet, 
in no instance had the princess the slightest cause to com- 
plain that she had been treated otherwise than became her 
rank. She was greatly struck, perhaps affected, by the 
circumstance ; and, after closely enquiring into the matter, 
ascertained that all was owing to the judicious manage- 
ment of Mr. Fox. She presented him with a valuable 
diamond ring as a mark of her esteem, and made an 
especial request to the king, that, when he had any urgent 
affair to negotiate at the Plague, he Avould send Mr. Fox 
as his representative. The consequence was, that the 
subject of this memoir was employed on various important 
missions, as well to the prince as to the chief men of Hol- 
land, and he conducted himself with such address, that 



SIB. STEPHEN EOX. OiQ 

during the continuance of the exile, supplies were from time 
to time afforded to the king, of which the average annual 
amount could not be less than ten thousand pounds. 

The same prudence and discretion which qualified him 
to deal with foreign courts, enabled him to maintain a 
constant communication with the royalists at home. No 
movement took place, no project was contrived of which 
he was not regularly informed ; indeed, so perfect were 
his channels of information, that he was aware of the death 
of Oliver Cromwell, six hours before the news reached 
Brussels, and told it to the King when his Majesty was 
engaged in a game of tennis with the archduke Leopold 
and Don Juan. From that time his sphere of usefulness 
became enlarged ; indeed, he was more than once selected 
to carry over to England, not only written despatches, for 
these could contain little, from the detection of which mis- 
chief would be likely to arise ; but verbal messages, such 
as could be delivered only by a messenger, in whom 
unbounded confidence was reposed. 

" The noble historian has done me the honour to think 
me worthy of his notice, the occasion of my unexpected 
promotion being this :" — * 

" When his Majesty was upon the dispatch of several 
envoys to the courts of several potentates, to solicit aids, 
not only for the support of the royal family and its indi- 
gent followers, under their unhappy circumstances, but 
for the recovery of his usurped kingdoms, if it should so 
enter into the hearts of christian princes to commiserate 
the unprecedented circumstances of a Monarch, who was 
allied by blood and the most solemn engagement, to most 
of the potentates of Europe, he was pleased, before the 
departure of the Chancellor of the Exchequer and Sir 
William Godolphin for Spain, at their receiving their last 
instructions, to ask the former where he could fix his 
choice upon a person fit to manage the domestic cash, and 
to do it in such a manner as the servants of inferior rank 
might be paid their respective salaries, and the neces- 
sary expences of the household carefully and faithfully 

* Memoirs of Sir S. Fox, p. 2-*3. Clarendon's Hist. vol. i. p. -ill. 



376 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

defrayed. Upon which that best of ministers, without 
any solicitation or expectation on my part, had me in their 
thoughts, and from the goodness of his nature spoke so 
advantageously of me to the king, that within a few days 
after I had the honor to kiss his Majesty's hand for that 
post; being then told by that most gracious of masters 
that a faithful discharge of it was expected from me, not 
only on his own account, but of those whose subsistance 
and wages I then had the disbursement. Not that this 
wise prince gave the least hint at the time of my admis- 
sion into his royal presence, of the chancellor's recom- 
mendation in my favour ; but Sir William Go dolphin, 
many years since his Majesty's most happy restoration, let 
me into this secret of my first public post immediately 
under the king, to which I must in gratitude to my 
deceased benefactor, own the rest of my subsequent pre- 
ferment, wherewith that Prince's Royal successors have 
been pleased to honour and distinguish me." 

Mr. Fox married very early in life. He was united to 
Elizabeth, the daughter of Mr. William Whittle, of Lan- 
cashire, ere the necessities of the times drove him to 
abandon his home ; and his eldest son, called after himself, 
Stephen, was born in France. This circumstance ren- 
dered him of course, more anxious than he might have 
otherwise been, to secure even the prospect of a more 
lucrative employment ; and the king, who knew both his 
worth and his circumstances, caused him to be sworn 
in as cofferer of the royal household, but the appoint- 
ment was not confirmed after the restoration. Mr. Wil- 
liam Ashburnham having produced a reversionary grant 
from Charles the First, which could not be set aside. The 
king granted by a special instrument, bearing date at Brus- 
sels, the 23rd November, 1658, to Stephen Fox, Esq. 
an honourable augmentation to his arms, viz. In a canton 
azure, a fleur-de-lis, or. When the king had consented 
on the invitation of the states general, to make a public 
entry from Baden into the provinces, Mr. Fox was united 
with Sir Edward Walker, garterjking of arms, to proceed 
to the Hague, and to adjust all the ceremonies, in that age 



SIR STEPHEN FOX. Oi < 

neither few nor unimportant, of his Majesty's reception 
in the capital. 

Whatever might have been the case with others, who had 
hazarded life and sacrificed their time in the royal cause, 
Mr. Fox had no reason to complain that his merits were 
overlooked after Charles the Second ascended the throne. 
He was immediately appointed to the office of first clerk 
of the green cloth, being the most conspicuous situation 
in the household, under the duke of Ormond, 1 lord high 
steward. He had held this appointment but a short time, 
when there was added to it that of paymaster to the king's 
guards ; two regiments having been embodied in 1660 — 1, 
in consequence of the tumults that had attended the insur- 
rection of Vinner, and the fifth monarchy men. Xor did 
the stream of royal bounty cease here. When the Dutch 
war broke out it was found necessary to increase the army, 
Mr. Fox was constituted paymaster-general of all the 
king's land forces ; the emoluments arising from which, 
being added to those of the first clerkship of the green 
cloth, placed him in a state, not only of independence, but 
of opulence. Nor could the gifts of fortune be bestowed 
on any one who was more disposed to use them aright. 
Mr. Fox was a liberal contributor to the fund for building 
the College of arms, after the fire of London. He erected 
at his own charge, the church of Farley, the vicarage of 
which he endowed, built the church of Culford, in Suffolk; 
new paved the body of the cathedral at Salisbury ; and 
repaired the chancel of a church in the north part of 
Wiltshire, merely because the rector was too poor to 
repair it himself. 

Besides these acts of benificence and piety, to him the 
hospital at Farley ows its existence and its endowment. 
It was completed in 1678, and comprises lodgings for six 
old men, and as many old women, a chapel, and a residence 
for the chaplain, who is likewise styled the warden, and 
is supported by a rent-charge on the estate of Farley, 
amounting to the sum of £188. Moreover, there is a 
school attached, which was likewise established by him, 
and in which six boys and six girls arc instructed by the 



378 



HISTORY OF CUTS WICK. 



warden ; while at Burne, in Suffolk, and at Ashby, in 
Northamptonshire, his bounty found scope in the erection 
of similar establishments.* 

That, however, which more than all other occurrences 
in his life seems most to demand our approbation and 
gratitude, was the active part which he took in the com-, 
pletion of Chelsea hospital. No matter with whom the 
idea may have originated, whether with him, with his 
master, or with Nell Gwynne, it is certain that but for his 
exertions the project would have come to nothing; and 
that he took no note of self in the whole matter, is demon- 
strated by the fact, that he made over not less than thirteen 
thousand pounds towards the completion of the noble 
design, f 

In 1665, on the 1st of July, he received, at the king's 
hands, the honour of knighthood ; and on the funeral of 
the Duke of Albemarle, April 30, 1670, he was the first 
assistant in bearing the royal standard from Somerset 
House to Westminster Abbey. That, as well as the duty 
which devolved upon him of bearing, with five knights as 
his companions, the canopy over Monk's effigy, when it 
was removed from the car to the mausoleum in the Abbey, 
were duties of state, which, even in the seventeenth 
century, had their uses. 

Such, however, was the political position of Sir Stephen 
Fox from 1679 to 1685-6, when the Earl of Rochester 
being at the head of the treasury, he withdrew for a season 
from all public business. 

When Sir Stephen Fox undertook the duties of a lord 
of the treasurv, he requested and obtained j^crmission to 
resign his charge as paymaster of the forces ; not, however, 
till he had obtained that appointment for his son, Charles, 
in conjunction with Nicholas Johnson, Esq. This occurred 
in 1679, when Mr. Fox was little more than twenty years 
of age ; yet the youth of this joint paymaster does not seem 
to have told against him ; for his colleague dying within 
three years, on him the undivided honours, and duties, 

* Collins's Peerage, vol. ii. p. (>4. 

t Faulkner's Hist, of Chelsea, vol. ii. 05. 



SIR STEPHEN FOX. 879 

and emoluments of the office devolved. Meanwhile his 
father's dignities continued to be enlarged. On the 
18th of February, 1684, just twelve days after the 
accession of James the Second, Sir Stephen became sole 
commissioner for the master of the horse ; and though for 
a short time the influence of Rochester eclipsed him, that 
cloud (perhaps the only one that ever seriously darkened 
his horizon), soon passed away. In 1686 Rochester was 
dismissed, and Sir Stephen Fox restored to his seat at the 
treasury board, in company with John, Lord Belasis ; 
Sidney, Lord Godolphin ; Henry, Lord Dover ; and Sir 
John Ernly, chancellor of the exchequer. 

Thus far we have followed the fortunes of this distin- 
guished individual, under whose management Chelsea 
hospital rose and flourished; throughout whose whole 
career he appears in the light of a devoted servant of his 
prince — a sincere and unyielding advocate of the rights of 
the monarchy. But the hour was at hand when the personal 
allegiance of the minister must needs be put to a test more 
searching by far than any which had yet been applied to it. 

James the Second, by his insane attacks upon the rights 
and the liberties of his subjects, caused even the most 
determined royalist to weigh in his own mind the relative 
duties which he owed to the sovereign and to his posterity. 
It was determined, by a small majority, that the claims of 
the latter were to be preferred to those of the former ; and 
Sir Stephen Fox, not without a severe internal struggle, 
adopted these sentiments. 

Being in parliament, in 1688, as one of the representa- 
tives of the city of Westminster, he concurred in the votes 
which declared the throne vacant, and that it ought to be 
filled bv the Prince and Princess of Orange, on this sole 
ground, " That Popery was inconsistent with the English 
constitution ; and, therefore, that Papists should be for ever 
excluded from the succession to the throne of these realms." 
If even in these days we find it somewhat hard to reconcile 
to our notions of honour and personal probity such conduct 
in one who had enjoyed the bounty of his sovereign, we 
cannot be surprised to learn that by the sovereign himself, 



380 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

and by such as adhered to his fallen fortunes, Sir Stephen 
Fox was regarded as a monster of ingratitude. It was 
said of him as of Marlborough, that after having obtained 
all that he could expect from the house of Stuart, he turned 
round, like the wolf in the fable, and bit off the hand that 
fed him ; indeed, so indignant was the Jacobite court, that 
in every proclamation that issued from St. Germains, of 
which it was the object to win over partizans by the pro- 
mise of pardon, Sir Stephen Fox was excepted by name. 
On him, however, who doubtless had been guided through- 
out by the stern though sometimes painful pressure of prin- 
ciple, these proofs of rancour among his former friends 
produced no effect. He accepted office under William 
the Third as one of the lords commissioners of the treasury, 
of which he continued to discharge the duties down to 
1701 ; when, conceiving that the time had come when it 
became him to look to another world than the present, he 
gave up his appointment. 

From his retirement at Chiswick, where he built a house, 
he never again emerged, except to walk in procession 
before Queen Anne, at her coronation, on the 23rd of 
April, 1702. 

Sir Stephen Fox was married a second time, July 11th, 
1703, to Christian Hope, the daughter of the Rev. Charles 
Hope, of Naseby, in the county of Lincoln, his first having 
died in 1696. There was a considerable disproportion in 
their ages, Sir Stephen being in his seventy-sixth year. 
He had issue by her Stephen, afterwards Earl of Ilchester, 
baptized at Chiswick, September 17, 1704 ; Henry, after- 
wards Lord Holland, a distinguished political character in 
the reign of George the Second, and father of Charles 
James Fox, baptized at Chiswick, October 15, 1705; 
Christian, his twin sister, was baptized the same day; 
and Charlotte, afterwards married to the Hon. Edward 
Digby, was baptized May 9th, 1707. 

He sat for a brief space in that stormy parliament which 
preceded the rebellion in 1715, and he died on the 28th 
of October, 1716, full of honours, and in the possession of 
all his faculties, in the 89th year of his age. Sir Stephen 






SIR STEPHEN FOX. 381 

Fox sat in many parliaments ; first for Salisbury, next for 
Westminster, and last of all for Salisbury again. This 
latter distinction, for such be accounted it, inasmuch as 
Salisbury being close to the place of his birth, he was 
accustomed to speak of it as his native city, was pressed 
upon him by a circumstance which occasioned him great 
pain ; I allude to the death of his son Charles, first the 
paymaster-general of the forces, and ultimately vice-trea- 
surer to King William the Third, and receiver general 
and paymaster of the revenues in Ireland, which occurred 
in the year IT 13. But he does not appear to have taken 
an active part in the politics of the time. Indeed, his 
great age, as well as the affiction which the demise of his 
son occasioned him, rendered this impossible. 

Sir Stephen Fox died as he lived, a good christian, a 
sincere protestant, a generous and charitable man. 

His will, indeed, is crowded with bequests to the needy 
and the afflicted, and among which may be enumerated, 
twenty pounds to the poor of St. Martin's-in-the-fields ; a 
like sum to the poor of the chapel of Westminster ; forty 
pounds to the poor of the parish of Chiswick ; thirty pounds 
to the poor of Salisbury ; twenty pounds to Cricklade, 
in Wiltshire ; ten pounds to the poor of Grinstead, 
Plaitford, and Whaddon; eight pounds to the poor of 
Farley, to be distributed at the discretion of his widow. 

" Sir Stephen Fox's garden at Chiswick being but five 
years standing, is brought to great perfection for the time. 
It excells for a fail" gravel walk betwixt two yew hedges, 
with rounds and spires of the same, all under smooth ton- 
sure, xlt the far end of this garden are two myrtle hedges 
that cross the garden ; they are about three feet high, and 
covered in winter with painted board cases. The other 
oardens are full of flowers and salleting, and the walls 
well clad. The green-house is well built, well set, and 
well furnished."* 

Population. — The first mention of the population of 

* Archseologia, vol. xii. p. 186. 



382 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

this place occurs in the chantry roll in the Augmentation 
Office. 

Mem. There arre of howsellyng people within this 
Pishe the nober of cxx. 

" Housling people" is a phrase of doubtful import in 
the present day, the first word being obsolete. Shakspeare 
it is well known, causes the ghost in Hamlet to say — 

" Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother's head, 
Of life, of crown, of Queen, at once dispatched : 
Cut off even, in the blossom of my sin, 
Unhoussell'd." — Act 1. Scene 1. 

Average of Baptisms. Average of Burials. 

1680—1689 . . 53 T % 62 T \ 

1730—1739 ... 76* 108^ 

1780—1784 .. 96f 116f 

1784—1789 . . 104f 128* 

1790—1799 .. 97 99f 

1808—1807 . . 96i 93£ 

Houses Inhabited 1042 

Uninhabited 71 

Building 61 

Persons — Males 2676 

Females 3135 — 5811 

The return for the parish of Chiswick includes the 
village of Turnham-green, forty-five persons in two pri- 
vate lunatic asylums, and thirty-two persons in barges.* 

The poor rates are upon an average of two shillings 
and eight-pence in the pound. 

Annual value of property assessed in 1845, £16,419. 

For the parish lammas lands the duke of Devonshire pays 
annually the sum of £107. 14s • by half yearly payments 
in aid of the poor rates. f Two guardians are annually 
chosen for this parish, as representatives in the Brentford 
Poor Law Union. 

It appears by the following entries in the church- 
wardens' books, that the rates were formerly collected here 
the same as at Brentford. 

* See Population Eeturns, fol. 105, 1811. 

t See the Act of Parliament relative to tbese lands, page 270. 



POPULATION. 



383 



1622. Cleared at Whitsuntide 5 

Paid for making a new payre of pigeon holes 2 6 

Chiswick pays the sum of £666. 16s. lOd. to the land- 
tax, which is at the rate of one shilling and six-pence 
upon land, and one shilling upon houses. 

It appears that in the year 1715, Sir Stephen Fox, then 
a parishioner, built at his own expence a cage, or parish 
round-house, a pair of stocks, and a whipping post.* 

1715, Oct. 12. The Honourable Sir Stephen Fox, his bill for 
Carpenter's work, by Thomas Board. 

For building a round house, and a pair of stocks <£ll 13 

To iron work done to the round house and stocks, by 

Thomas Kirtonf 1 19 6 

The trade of the town is of small import, and the inns 
arc few. The principal are the Burlington Arms, the 
Lamb, the George, and the Devonshire Arms. 

There are two capital brewhouses carried on by the 
Messrs. Sich, and Messrs. Fuller and Co. which have been 
established for more than eighty years. 

The annexed tokens 
issued by the trades- 
men of Chiswick in 
the latter end of the 
seventeenth century, 
seem to imply a larger 
share of trade and 
commerce than they 
now enjoy. They are 
copied from the ori- 
ginals preserved in the 
British Museum. 
The pulling down of so many capital mansions within 
the last thirty years, has thinned the population of this 
part of the parish, and given it a dreary aspect. 

* Shafcspeare has introduced the stocks upon the stage, 
" Fetch the stocks 
As I have life and honour, there shall he sit till noon." 
and Dr. Farmer commenting upon the passage, says, " it should be remembered 
tbat formerly in great houses, as still in some Colleges, there were moveable 
stocks for correction of the servants. — Malone's Shakspeare, vol. x. p. 99. 
+ The Earl of Ilchester's Papers. 




384 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

On the 25th of October, 1809, on the celebration of the 
Jubilee, the sum of one hundred pounds was expended 
for the poor in bread, meat, and beer, in the district of 
Chiswick town, and Turnham-green. 

In the years 1813-14, during the great frost, a sub- 
scription was raised, amounting to six hundred and twenty- 
two pounds, which was expended on the poor, by giving 
them employment in repairing the roads and foot paths 
not within the jurisdiction of the parish. 

Walpole House on the Mall takes its name from hav- 
ing been the residence of the noble family of that name, 
several members of whom are buried in the church. 
About sixty years ago it was occupied by a Mrs. Rigby 
as a boarding-house, and here Mr. Daniel O'Connell 
resided for several years whilst he was studying for the 
bar. This family mansion has lately been put into a state 
of repair, and is now occupied by Mr. Allen as a classical 
and commercial academy. 

Bedford-House, situated at the western extremity of 
the Mall, was originally the residence of various members 
of that noble family, one of whom built the wall round 
the churchyard.* 

* See page 340. 



cms wick house. 385 



CHAPTER IV; 

Chiswick House — Historical and Biographical Reminiscences — Earl of Bur- 
lington — Duke of Devonshire — Duchess of Devonshire — Bight Hon. 
C. J. Fox — Bight Hon. G. Canning — Visit of the Illustrious Sovereigns 
in the year 1814 — Visit of Her Majesty the Queen, and His Royal High- 
ness Prince Albert, in 1812 — Visit of his Imperial Majesty, the Emperor 
Nicholas, in 1843. 

The Duke of Devonshire's villa stands on the site of an 
ancient house, which Bowack says was built by Sir Edward 
Wardour.* It was pulled down in the year 1788, and, by 
Kip's curious print, seems to have been of the Elizabethan 
age. 

There is a monument in the chancel of the church 
erected in the year 1612, by Edward Wardour, Esq. 
This person might have been afterwards knighted, and 
might have built the house. 

Towards the latter end of the reign of James the First, 
it was the property of Robert Carr, earl of Somerset, 
whose abandoned countess ended her days there in misery 
and disgrace, in the year 1632. 

The earl, who was a partaker in her crimes, survived 
her till the year 1645, but was never able to recover a 
broken fortune, or a tarnished name. 

His only daughter, lady Ann Somerset, married William, 
fifth, earl of Bedford ; Somerset, her father, was so reduced, 
that he sold this house at Chiswick, all his plate, jewels, 
and furniture, to make up the sum of £12,000. for his 
daughter, which the earl of Bedford demanded as a 
portion.! 

The mortgage having never been paid off, the premises 
became the property of the celebrated Philip, earl of 
Pembroke, J who was the mortgagee ; from him they 
passed to John Lord Pawlet, an active royalist, and 

* Antiquities of Middx. p 87. Loud. 1705. 

+ Strafford's Letters, vol. ii. p. 58. J Court Bolls. 

2c 



386 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

commander of some eminence in the king's army. In the 
year 1647, he was permitted to compound for his estate, 
through the interest of general Fairfax,* who in the 
months of August and September following, appears to 
have been more than once a visitor at his house at Chis- 
wick. 

" August 9. Sir Thomas Fairfax with only his life guards came to take 
possession of the Tower of London, and in the evening to the lord Pawlet's 
house, at Turnham-green." — Perfect Occurrences, Aug. 1647. 

" August 13. From Putney his excellency has been two or three days at 
Turnham-green, and returned this day to the head quarters." — Ibid. Sept. 
10, 1647. 

In 1669, this house being then the property of William 
lord Crofts, and in the occupation of James duke of Mon- 
mouth, was sold to Charles lord Gerard, of Brandon, who 
aliened it to Richard viscount Ranelagh. 

In 1682, it was the property of Edward Seymour, Esq. 
of Maiden Bradley, who then sold it to Richard earl of 
Burlington, from whom it descended to Richard the last 
earl ; after his death it came to the late duke of Devon- 
shire, who married lady Charlotte Boyle, his daughter 
and sole heir. 

Richard Boyle, third earl of Burlington, and fourth earl 
of Cork, was born on the 25th of April, 1695. He 
travelled much in Italy, where he acquired a strong love 
of architecture and the fine arts. 

In 1721, he married the lady Dorothy Saville, eldest of 
the two daughters and co-heiresses of William Saville, 
marquis of Halifax. Charlotte, the youngest of the three 
daughters by this lady, married the duke of Devonshire. 
In 1780, his lordship was installed knight of the garter, 
and in the following year, was appointed captain of the 
band of gentlemen pensioners, a post which he resigned 
in 1733. The title of Burlington became extinct at his 
death in 1753, but has since been revived. 

Among his architectural works, he repaired Inigo 
Jones's church of St. Paul, Covent Garden. His know- 

* Collins's Peerage, vol. iii. p. '-228. 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 387 

ledge of his favourite art was always at the command of 
others. 

He assisted Kent (whom he also maintained in his 
house) in publishing Inigo Jones's designs for Whitehall, 
and at his own expence he printed an edition of" Fabriche 
Antiche designate da Andrea Palladio, 1730." And a 
work to which Pope thus alludes : — 

You shew us Rome was glorious, not profuse. 

on ancient baths, from the drawings of that architect. 
A house built by Palladio, near Vicenza, called the Villa 
Capra, furnished the idea of Chiswick-house ; which, 
notwithstanding the well known sarcasm, " that it was 
too little to live in, and too big to hang to a watch 
chain," must still be considered as a model of a very pure 
taste. Anions his other works are some on his own estate 
at Lanesborough, in Yorkshire ; the front of Burlington- 
house, in Piccadilly, built by his father ; and the colo- 
nade within its court; the dormitory at Westminster 
school ; a house at Petersham, for lord Harrington ; the 
duke of Richmond's house in Whitehall ; and another for 
General Wade, in Cork-street. 

But the assembly room at York is esteemed to be his 
chef-d'oeuvre. The eulogy of Pope which he addressed 
to the earl of Burlington, is by no means exaggerated : — 

You too pi'oceed ! make falling arts your care, 

Erect new wonders, and the old repair , 

Jones and Palladio to themselves restore, 

And be whate'er Vitruvius was before. — Moral Essays, Ep. iv. 1. 191. 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 

See Sylvan scenes ! where art, alone, pretends 
To dress her mistress, and disclose her charms, 
Such as a Pope in miniature Las shewn, 
A Bathurst o'er the widening forest spreads, 
And such as form a Richmond, Chiswick, Stowe. 

Thomson's Liberty, pt. v. 1. 096. 

Lady Chatterton in a late publication, thus describes a 
visit to this house, in 1840. 

2 c2 



388 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 

Wednesday, 10th July. — This delightful day we spent 
at Chiswick, wandering over the beautiful gardens and 
interesting rooms of the duke of Devonshire's villa. Besides 
the fine pictures which adorn the walls of the house, and 
the lovely views which the windows command, the histo- 
rical recollections connected with the place are most 
interesting. Here two of the most celebrated statesmen 
of modern times died, Fox and Canning. 

We were at breakfast there about a month ago ; and 
then Mr. Rogers who had visited him several times in his 
last illness, showed us the room in which Fox died, the 
very spot where the bed had stood in which the great 
statesman expired. The bed has been long removed, and 
at that fete, the room was used for refreshments. Gay 
parties passed to and fro ; and while the celebrated poet 
was telling of the last hours of the dying statesman, the 
song and laugh of joyous and thoughtless youth sounded 
in our ears. I was glad, therefore, to visit the room 
again to day, when there was no gay scene to withdraw 
our thoughts from the recollection of the dead. 

It is a small but cheerful room, the walls are covered 
with tapestry, and over one of the doors hangs the por- 
trait of Pope. 

As I thought and imagined what might be the feelings 
of Fox when he was going into his Maker's presence, I 
remembered with pleasure some passages from lord 
Brougham's able sketch of that statesman: he says — 

" Let it not be forgotten, that the noble heart and sweet 
disposition of this great man passed unscathed through an 
ordeal which in almost every other instance, is found to 
deaden all kindly and generous affections. A life of 
gambling, and intrigue, and faction, left the nature of 
Charles Fox, as little tainted with selfishness or falsehood, 
and his heart as little hardened as if he had lived and died 
in a farm house, or rather as if he had not outlived his 
boyish years." We went into another room to see the 
bed in which he died; the following rough sketch which I 
made as we passed through the room, will give an idea of 
its form. The curtains are chintz, a large and flowery 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 389 

pattern of green and red, upon alight ground; the wooden 
cornice is painted a light brown and green ; the fringe 
round the curtains, the tassels, and lining are green.* 

We then went up stairs to see the room in which 
Canning died, and which has been most ably described 
by Bulwer, in a paper published in the New Monthly 
Magazine. "It is a small low chamber, he chose it himself; 
it had formerly, we believe, been a sort of nursery, and the 
present duke of Devonshire having accidentally slept there 
just before Canning took up his residence at the villa, it was 
considered more likely to be aired and free from damp, 
than any other and costlier apartment. It has not even a 
cheerful view from the window, but overlooks a wing of 
the house, as it were, like a back yard. Nothing can be 
more cheerless than the paper on the walls, or furniture 
of the apartment. On the one side of the fire place are 
ranged a few books, chiefly of a light character. Oprjosite 
the foot of the bed is the fire place ; and on the low chim- 
ney-piece stands a small bronze clock." 

Canning passed the last three weeks of his life at Chis- 
wick. The house-keeper shewed us a room down stairs, 
where he read prayers to the family each Sunday. 

Lord Brougham says of him, " in private society he was 
singularly amiable and attractive, though, except a very 
few years of his early youth he rarely frequented the gay 
circles of society, confining his intercourse to an extremely 
small number of warmly attached friends. In all the 
relations of domestic life, he was blameless, and was 
the delight of his family, as in them he placed his 
own." 

From the room where Canning died, we were shewn 
a small dark passage into another, where the afflicted wife 
was carried after all was over. She lay in the small room, 
which looks out into a sort of court yard, till the day 
before the funeral. " Her life was despaired of for two 
days," said the housekeeper who was there at the time ; 

* Lady Ckattertons Home Sketches, and Foreign Recollections, vol. i. 
p. 94. London, 1841. 



390 HISTORY OF CHISWICK, 

" but when her son arrived she wept, and the physicians 
had some hope, she was taken up in her night dress, and 
put into the carriage which was to take her away." 

Besides these recollections of dying statesmen, and those 
of the brilliant and fascinating duchess of Devonshire, 
there are many other circumstances which make Chiswick 
particularly interesting. 

In the early part of the seventeenth century Chiswick 
belonged to the earl of Somerset. The portrait of his 
beautiful daughter, lady Anne Carr, may be seen in lord 
J^gremont's collection, at "Wobourn Abbey. 

This lovely girl, when only seventeen, was sought in 
marriage by young lord Russel, who was one of the most 
promising men of the day, and who soon won the heart of 
lady Anne ; but there were many impediments to their 
union. The young man's father, the earl of Bedford, did 
not approve of the son's choice, and the lovers began to 
despair : there is a trait told of this lady, which shows the 
sensitive delicacy of her mind. Her mother had been 
first married, and then divorced from Robert Deve- 
reux, earl of Essex, but the innocent girl had been kept 
in complete ignorance that there was any blot on her 
parent's fair fame. One day she found an old pamphlet 
which had been incautiously left on a window seat, and 
which the young girl commenced reading. It contained, 
amongst other histories of the court and nobility of the 
day, an account of her mother's dishonour. Lady Anne 
was so struck with this accidental discovery, that she fell 
into a fit, and was found senseless on the floor, with the 
book open before her. The poor girl suffered so much 
from her marriage being broken off, that her father was 
resolved to endeavour to bring it about. The means by 
which it was at last accomplished are described in a letter 
of Mr. Garrard to the lord deputy Wentworth, of which 
the following is an extract : — 

"Mr. Garrard, to the lord deputy Lieutenant Wentworth, 

" March 23. 1636. 
" The marriage betwixt the lord Russel and lady Anne 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 891 

Carr, a most fine lady, will now shortly, at Easter, be 
solemnized. My lord of Bedford loves money a little 
too much, which, together with my lord of Somerset's 
unexpected poverty, have been the cause of this long 
treaty, not any diminution of the young party's affections. 

" My lord of Somerset told the lord Chamberlain, who 
hath been a great mediator in this business, before his 
daughter, that one of them was to be undone if that mar- 
riage went on ; he chose rather to undo himself than to 
make her unhappy, and has kept his word. For he has 
sold all he can make money of, even his house which he 
lives in at Chiswick, with all his plate, jewels, and house- 
hold stuff, to raise a portion of £12,000. which my lord 
of Bedford is now content to accept."* 

The marriage proved most happy, they continued 
through life ardently attached to each other, and their 
children added to their enjoyments. But suffering was in 
store for the poor mother in her latter days. Her eldest 
son was the celebrated lord Russel, who was beheaded in 
1684, and whose wife is so well known by her letters. 
The affectionate mother did not long outlive her son. She 
was buried in the little church of Chenies, which contains 
some fine monuments of the Bedford family. 

It is a curious fact, that though Chiswick was sold by 
the beautiful lady Anne Carr's father, to enable her to 
marry, it was not lost to her descendants; for Rachael, the 
daughter of lord Russel who was beheaded, and his cele- 
brated wife, married the second duke of Devonshire, so 
that the present duke is descended from that lovely girl, 
and is in the possession of the place where her youth was 
spent, — the home of her ancestors. 

AVe were shewn a book containing sketches by Inigo 
Jones, which is very interesting. It is full of designs for 
masquerades, likenesses and caricatures of the celebrated 
beauties and characters of that day. 

I know not if it be the recollection of the beautiful 
duchess, but there is something to me peculiarly luxuri- 
ous and romantic in the appearance of every thing at 

* Strafford's Letters, 11, 58. 



392 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Chiswick. There is, too, a southern air about the place 
which makes it exactly fitted for moon-light walks and 
serenades. Then the variety of walks in the lovely 
gardens, and the gorgeous hues and sweet perfumes of the 
flowers and choice exotics, render the whole scene like 
some fairy dream, that one fancies is too exquisite for 
reality. William Spencer felt the charm of this place as 
he has well expressed it in some lines to the duchess of 
Devonshire, on leaving Chiswick. 

Though the white gloom of winter has sheeted the ground, 

Though dead seems each flow'ret and tree; 
Yet still the rich relics of summer are found, 

Immured in the cell of the bee. 

Though doomed to abandon these happy retreats, 

Where my summer never is o'er : 
My heart is the hive which shall treasure the sweets, 

Of joys that will blossom no more. 

The present edifice was planned and constructed by the 
celebrated earl of Burlington, and the design is partly 
taken from that by Palladio, which has produced so many 
imitations, the villa of marquis Capra, near Vicenza.* 
Kent, the architect, was employed under the superintend- 
ance of the earl, in carrying on the work. 

It would appear that his lordship undertook this build- 
ing as an architectural study, or as a pavilion to exhibit 
a model of refined taste, rather than as a residence. In 
fact, the structure, as left by lord Burlington, was not 
calculated to receive a family. The central part of the 
edifice as exhibited in the annexed view, contains the 
whole of his design; and this is of such circumscribed 
proportions that lord Hervey took occasion to say, " the 
house was too small to inhabit, and too large to hang to 
one's watch;" but the late noble owner made it more 
habitable, without taking away from its beauty, by the 
addition of two wings, which admirably correspond with 
the architecture of the original, and which assist in form- 
ing a principal suite of apartments adequate to the service 

* Sec the original design in Palladio, by Edw. Hoppus, p. 83, London, 1733. 




CHISWICK HOUSE. 




INICO JONES'S GATEWAY. 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 



393 



of nobility, while many sleeping rooms for the accommoda- 
tion of visitors have been constructed in a detached 
building of considerable extent, on the eastern side. 

The central compartment is crowned by an octagonal 
dome of handsome proportions, and the grand entrance to 
the mansion is by two flights of stone steps, each having a 
double approach. The portico is surmounted with a pedi- 
ment, the tympanum of which is plain, supported by six 
columns of the Corinthian order ; the architrave, entabla- 
ture, frieze, and cornices, being of the richest possible 
character. On one side of the steps is placed a statue of 
Inigo Jones, and on the other a statue of Palladio. A 
side view of this magnificent portico, never fails to impress 
the spectator with a high notion of the capabilities of the 
noble architect. 

The house is entered by an octangular apartment, 
usually termed the Dome Saloon. The cieling of this room 
is richly stuccoed in compartments, which are now uni- 
formly white, but were originally interspersed with 
gilding. 

In the year 1838, Dr. Waagen, of Berlin, paid a visit 
to Chiswick, to view the house and pictures, the result of 
which he has thus recorded. 

"When I arrived the day before yesterday, about four 
o'clock in the afternoon, at the duke of Devonshire's villa, 
I found the company of about fifty persons of the high 
nobility, and the diplomatic body, for the most part assem- 
bled in the garden. After the breakfast, which differed 
in name only from a splendid dinner, when the company 
went into the garden, I remained awhile looking at the 
pictures with which all the rooms are adorned. Among 
the number are many good ones, many excellent, but 
unfortunately they are partly in a bad condition, either 
wanting cleaning, or from dryness. Several pictures too, 
hang in an unfavourable light, that no decided opinion 
can be formed of them."* 

* See Works of Art and Artists in England^ by G. F. Waugan, 3 vols. LoncL 
1838, vol. i. pp. 243—271. 



394 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

The following struck me as especially worthy of notice. 
Gaspar Poussin — 

Two landscapes of moderate size, but in all respects admirable. 

Grimani — 

A large landscape, much in tbe spirit of Annibal Carracci. 

Carlo Maratti — 

Pope Clement XI. sitting in an arm chair, knee piece. A fine picture of tbe 
master, whose portraits are rare. The design is good, the features animated, 
and the execution cheerful. In the general tone rather weak, as his pictures 
usually are. 

Of all the Italian schools, there are likewise pictures by 
Bassano, Schiavone, Procaccini, and Lucca Giordano, &c. 

There is a very poetical landscape, with ruins in the foreground, in a cir- 
cular form, and likewise a very carefully painted picture, by Borgognone, 
a March of Cavalry. 

Prederigo Zucchero — 

The portrait of Mary Queen of Scots, a full length, as large as life, in a rich 
dress, a very pleasing, though properly speaking, not a beautiful face ; painted 
with great care. 

Paul Veronese — 

The procession of the wife of the Doge, a very rich and masterly sketch of 
considerable size, probably intended for a picture as large as life. 

Baroccio — 

Cardinal Baronius, half length, a very stately portrait, but hanging in a most 
unfavourable light. 

Giacomo Bassano — 

The Marys' mourning at the foot of the cross. The heads are more noble 
than usual, the colouring clear nnd warm, without being extravagant, as is 
too often the case. 

Guido Heni — 

Painting and drawing, represented as two women, half length, surely a very 
strange kind of allegory. The heads are of great delicacy, and the light 
colour very clear. It is, perhaps, little inferior to the copy of the same in the 
Louvre. 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 395 



Albano- 



Mars and Venus with Cupids, in a beautiful landscape. This picture 
resembles, in extent and value, the well known large picture in the Louvre; 
and is very pleasing, from the warmth of the colouring, the elegance of the 
figures, and the beauty of the landscape. 

Guercino — 

Christ on the Mount of Olives, the figures as large as life. A picture of 
great effect, and very peculiar, by a certain coolness in the harmony of the 
drapery. 

Holbein — 

The portraits of two warriors, small wbole length, of the later period of the 
master, and, consequently, painted with his usual spirit, and a certain breadth 
of handling. 

B. Van Orley— 

A female portrait very delicate, kept under glass ; and without any reason 
said to be Petrarch's Laura. 2. A female portrait in profile, called Cleopatra, 
on account of a serpent on the bosom ; but the expression of indifference in 
the fine and handsome face, does not correspond with the character. 

Vandyck — 

The portrait of Thomas Killigrew, the poet, when young, half length. He 
lays his hand on a dog : spiritedly and finely coloured. 

The Blind Boy— 

To whom a charwoman gives an obolus, is also ascribed to Vandyck. This 
portrait, which, according to Walpole, was purchased by lord Burlington, at 
Paris, along with one by Lucca Giordano for 1000 guineas, is, I am perfectly 
convinced, not by that master ; though it has much merit I cannot state the 
master. 

Rembrant — 

Portrait of a man, half length, in the clearest, darkest- gold colour, of 
astonishingly powerful effect. 2. An old man, glowing and very animated. 

L. Jordaens — 

Twelfth Night. This subject, so often treated by him, is nevertheless more 
extravagant and vulgar in the countenances, than usual. The effect is very bril- 
liant and powerful. 

Cornelius Jansens — 

King Charles the First, when young, full length, a spaniel at his feet, and 
a landscape back ground. Very spirited, and carefully painted in a warm 
clear tone. 



396 HISTOHY OF CHISWICK. 

Vandervelde — 

An agitated sea with ships, with a warm-tone light, of great delicacy and 
striking effect. This fine picture begins to scale off, in consequence of its 
being very dry. The duke, however, to my great joy, bas promised that he 
will take care to have it repaired. 

There are likewise very good pictures by Stynmark the 
younger, von Schonjans, Meytens, Jan Breughel, and 
other second-rate masters. 

Lastly, a glass case containing a very interesting collec- 
tion of the most delicate miniature paintings. In this line 
the English have had, since Holbein, some very eminent 
masters. He was taken as a model by Nicholas Hilliard, 
who flourished in the reign of Elizabeth and James the 
First, and was much employed by both. 

The best painter England had in this line was, however, 
Isaac Oliver, who painted a great deal for Charles the First. 
His son, Peter Oliver, was likewise very skilful. There is 
here a portrait by him of Edward the Sixth, after Hol- 
bein, exquisitely finished, in the local tints of the flesh 
rather paler, but with warm brownish shadows. 

Samuel Cooper was also one of the most distinguished 
of English miniature painters in the reign of Charles the 
Second. 



Alphabetical List of the Painters mentioned in thefolloic 
ing Catalogue. 



1578. 


Albano. 


1577. 


Cavedone. 


1510. 


Bassano. 


1550. 


Cellini. 


1624. 


Berchem. 


1596. 


Cortona. 


1564. 


Blomaert. 


1600. 


Claude. 


1606. 


Bolognese. 


1616. 


Castiglione. 


1621. 


Borgognone. 


1577. 


Caracino. 


1610. 


J. Booth. 




Danielli. 


1500. 


Bourdenone. 


1610. 


Dobson. 


1623. 


G. Brandi. 


1616. 


Dolce Carlo. 


1589. 


Brughel. 


1581. 


Domenichino. 


1607. 


Canaletti 


1613. 


Dowe, G. 


1555. 


Calvert. 




Dyck, Ant. Van 


1555. 


Carracci. 




Elde, F. 


1560. 


Carravagio. 


1366. 


Eyck, J. Van. 



CHISWICK HOVSE. 



•397 






178.3. 


Gabrielli 


1616. 


Rosa Salvator. 


159G. 


Gogen, Van. 


1665. 


Rosa de Tivoli 




Guelplii. 


1564. 


Rotberhammer 


1590. 


Guercino. 


1640. 


Ruysdael. 


1575. 


Guido. 


1577. 


Rubens. 




Hayter. 


1448. 


Sarto, A. del. 


1498. 


Holbein. 


1643. 


Scbalken. 


1572. 


Jones, Inigo. 


1522. 


Schiavoni, A. 


1594. 


Jordaens. 




Scbeemaker. 


1685. 


Keinings. 


1560. 


Scbidone. 


1685. 


Kent. 


1579. 


Sneyders. 


1648. 


Kneller, Sir Godfrey. 




Schonis. 


1609. 


Lint, Van. 


1550. 


Steinwick. 


1625. 


Maratti, Carlo. 


1620. 


Swanefeldt. 


1612, 


Mola, P. F. 


1610. 


Teniers. 


1634. 


Men! en, Vander. 


1512. 


Tintoretto. 


1613. 


Murillo. 


1477. 


Titian. 


1636. 


Myttens. 


1500. 


Vaga, P- da. 


1610. 


Ostade, Adrian Van. 


1599. 


Vandyck. 


1503. 


Parmegiano. 


1596. 


Van Gogen. 


1770. 


Phillips. 


1594. 


Velasquez. 


1586. 


Polemberg. 


1639. 


Vandervelde. 


1600. 


Poussin, Gaspar. 


1558. 


Veronese, A. 


1594. 


Poussin, Nicholas. 


1530. 


Veronese, P. 


1548. 


Procaccini. 


1432. 


Vinci, L. da. 


1606. 


Kembrant. 


1657. 


Viviani. 


1679. 


Ricci, Marco. 


1765. 


Wootton. 


1660. 


Ricci, Seb. 


1620. 


Wouvermans. 


1630. 


Rousseau. 







The following catalogue presents the reader with a 
more complete description of this gallery than has yet 
appeared, including brief remarks on the merits of the 
pictures, and on their respective painters. Diffident of 
his own abilities for such an undertaking, the writer has 
resigned the direction of public taste to those whose 
talents and acquirements confer a value on their opinion, 
and who it is to be hoped may be induced to undertake 
and accomplish a more extended and critical view of this 
beautiful collection.* 



* Catalogues of this sort are deservedly grown into esteem. While a collec- 
tion remains entire the use of the catalogue is obvious, when dispersed it often 
serves to authenticate a picture, adds to its imaginary value, aud bestows a 
sort of history on it. It is to be wished that the practice of composing cata- 
logues of conspicuous collections was universal. — Horace WaJpole. 



398 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



IN THE DOME. 

King Charles 1st. his Queen and children — Vandyck. 

Painted in a sitting posture, the young prince Charles standing on the 
right with his hands resting on his father's knee. The queen supports the 
infant duke of York ; a small hlack and white dog near the feet of the king, 
spirited and carefully painted in a warm clear tone. The works of this 
painter are exceedingly numerous in England, for he was very industrious. 
His colouring was excellent, and no part of his figures was neglected. His 
earlier works in England are deemed the hest, particularly some of the por- 
traits of King Charles, of the duke Buckingham, and of lord Strafford. Van- 
dyck imbibed so deeply the tints of Titian, that he is allowed to approach 
nearer to the carnations of that master, even than Rubens. Sir Anthony had 
more delicacy than the latter ; but, like him, reaches the grace and dignity 
of the antique. 

Either a duplicate, or the original of this picture is in her Majesty's collec- 
tion at Windsor. 

The Morocco Ambassador — Sir Godfrey Kneller. 

A large picture, the figure by Sir Godfrey Kneller, the horse and back ground 
by Wycke. Kneller, though displaying a singular paucity of imagination, 
excelled in the gracefulness and drawing of his portraits, his colouring is 
harmonious and true to nature. His conceit was excessive ; but he had some 
pretensions to vanity as he had been flattered by Dryden, Addison, Prior, 
Steele, and Pope. 

The Rape of Proserpine — Schonis. 

A large upright picture, spirited and dark in colour. 

His urgent flame impatient of delay, 

Swift as his thoughts he seiz'd the beauteous prey, 

And bore her in his sooty car away. 

OvicPs Metam. b. v. 

Liberality and Modesty — Guido. 

This is a first rate painting, the figures elegantly disposed and beautifully 
coloured. Few names in the art stands higher than that of Guido ; in grace 
and beauty his works are unsurpassed. The beau ideal of this master in 
respect to sacred subjects was admirable, and the celestial character so pecu- 
liarly impressed on his figures strongly attests his genius. Sweetness, deli- 
cacy, facile execution, and harmony of colour, are his chief characteristics. 

Daphne and Apollo— Cay. Daniello. 

An animated picture, the figure of Daphne remarkably fine, both in drawing 
and colour. 



CHISW1CK HOUSE. 

She heard not half, so furiouly she flies ; 
And on her ear th' imperfect accent dies. 
Fear gave her wings, and as she fled, the wind 
Increasing, spread her flowing hair hehind, 

Ovid's Metam. h. i. 

Lewis the Thirteenth— Fred. Elde. 

A whole length, in an easy posture, a dog looking up, an architectural hack 
ground. 

The Judgment of Paris — Cav. Daniello. 

A fine masterly picture, warm in colour, the figure of Paris reclines in the 
front with the apple in his right hand, Mercury with the Caduceus points 
towards the apple. 

Una dabit regnum, belli daret altera laudem, 
Tyndaridis conjux tertia dixit eris. — Ovid. 

Busts, placed round the room in recesses upon brackets — 

Socrates. Lucius Antoninus, B. C. 28. Britannicus, son of Claudius, 
A.D 12. Domitian, A.D. 81. Hadrian, A.D. 117. Antoninus Pius, A.D. 
138. Justiua, the elder, wife of the Emperor, A.D. 138. Plautilla, wife of 
Caracalla, A.D. 211, Apollo. Bacchanals. Roman Emperor. 

Eight handsomely carved oak chairs, four tables inlaid with marble, carved 
and richly gilt. 

The west saloon adjoins the preceding apartment, and 
is much enlarged by the additions to the building, the 
cieling is painted in compartments. 

Venus and Cupid — Sebast Ricci. 

The figure of Venus in full length, holding an arrow in the right hand, 
Cupid endeavouring to catch at it. Bicci was grand in his ideas, and an agree- 
able colourist, but he is deficient in corectness ; the number of his works 
obliging him rather to consult his imagination than nature. 

Scripture Piece — Pietro da Cortona, 

In this piece are various figures of men, women, and children, the subject 
said to have allusion to the story of Jacob ; a fine specimen of this master, of 
whom it has been said by an Italian writer, " that he had fire in his colours,, 
vehemence in his hands, and fury in his pencil." 

Philosopher and his Wife — Myttens, 

Countenances dark, black dresses with ruffs and collars. The style of 
Myttens, was entirely in the taste of the Roman school, with figures as large 
as life, and sometimes even of a larger proportion. He imitated Vandyck so 
successfully, that several of his pictures have been taken for the work of that 
more famous master, 



400 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



.First Countess of Burlington, at the age of 2%, 1639 — 

Vandyck. 

In a drab dress, blue drapery thrown over the left shoulder. 

Marquis of Halifax — Vandyck. 

Hair long and moustaches, right hand shewn. 

Twelfth Night — Jordaens. 

A variety of figures seated at a table feasting, a fat fellow is represented as 
a king, a woman with a child in her arms drinking to him. Although the 
figures and countenances are coarse and vulgar, yet the colouring is very 
brilliant and powerful. The pictures of Jordaens are principally historical, 
and his portraits are executed with the highest degree of brilliancy, as well as 
correctness. " II copioit la nature, sans en choisir les beautes et sans en 
ecarter les defauts." 

Mr. Rogers and his Dog — Vandyck- 

Represented in a cuirass, slashed sleeves and blue sash, the left arm reclines 
on a large dog. 

Cardinal Baronius — Tintoretto. 

A short figure with dark complexion and majestic air, a very stately portrait, 
but hanging in a bad light. The boldness of his style, the strong contrasts 
which this artist exhibits in his lights and shadows, together with the rapidity 
and spirit of his genius, acquired him the epithet of " 11 furioso." 

Pope Clement the Ninth — Carlo Maratti. 

A long face of a grave cast, in a pink dress, trimmed with fur. This admired 
painter of the Italian school excelled in Madonnas and female saints. He is 
chiefly admirable for his portraits, which are natural, easy, and lively. 

Susannah and Elders — Guercino. 

A very fine picture painted in a dark style. The figure of Susannah naked, 
but delicately arranged ; the colour of this figure clear and warm, and forcibly 
relieved by the dark drapery of the Elders, and the deep tone of the back 
ground. Guercino acquired the principles of his art from Cremonini and 
Gesnari, but improved by a consultation of the Schools of Venice, Bologna, 
and Rome. His pictures are very numerous, but not remarkable for grace or 
dignity. 

Portrait of a Man — School of Rubens. 

A three quarter portrait, pale countenance, dark dress and ruff. As a por- 
trait painter the reputation of Rubens is considerable, though possibly some- 
what over-rated, some of his pictures not appearing to possess any great share 
of individuality or resemblance. 



CH1SWICK HOX T SE. 401 

Portrait of a Woman — Rubens. 

Ruddy complexion, a gay dress decked with jewels. 

Bacchus and Ariadne — S. Bjcci. 

An upright picture, the figures as large as life. Bacchus is about placing a 
ring on the finger of Ariadne, and Cupid is descending with a wreath. 

Women selling Fish and Herbs — Gerard Douw. 

Represented at a shop window, a pair of scales on one side, fruit and herbs 
in front. A choice specimen of the Flemish school. Gerard Douw surpassed 
every painter of his country, although so many of them have excelled in the 
same line. The works of this master have ever been zealously sought for by 
collectors, and many of them have been engraved : every thing, indeed, that 
came from his pencil is precious, and vast sums have been given and are still 
given for his pictures, even in his own country. 

A Holy Family — P. Da Cortona. 

A small picture, figures three quarters length. 

St. John in the Wilderness — Francesca Mola. 

St. John is reclining on the ground, Cherubim in the sky, back ground 
rocky and dark. Although Mola was not, perhaps, equal to Raphael or 
N. Poussin, in his historical compositions, yet he has displayed a style of 
landscape in his pictures that few artists ever excelled. 

A March — Borgognone. 

Military figures on horseback are skirting round a piece of water. Rocks 
on one side, and a town in the distance; a fine spirited painting. It is cre- 
ditable to this master that he was one of the first of his countrymen who for- 
sook the hard and dry manner which had so long predominated among the 
Italian painters. His battle pieces are painted with uncommon spirit, and 
display the ardour of a mind delighted with the scene upon which it was 
engaged. In beholding his pictures we seem to hear the shouts of war, the 
neighing of the horses, and the cries of the wounded ; indeed, many of his 
military sketches were taken on the actual field of battle. 

Landscape in a circular frame — Wooton. 

Gloomy rocks, a piece of water, and figures in front. This artist was grand 
in his ideas, and an agreeable colourist, but he is deficient in correctness. 

The flight into Egypt — Berchem. 

Rocky scenery, the Holy Family mounted on asses, accompanied by goats 
descending a mountain pass. Bercliem is considered happy in the distribution 
of his masses, and his conduct of light and shadow are also masterly, while 
his aeriel perspective, the light floating of his skies, and the transparency of 
his water have never been surpassed. He has left behind exquisite etchings 
besides his paintings. 

2d 



402 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 



THE SALOON. 

The east saloon adjoins the apartments which are sur- 
mounted by the Dome, and is chiefly formed by a portion 
of the original structure. The stucco work is gilt, on a 
white ground. 

Inside of a church — Vandyck. 

A small sketch of the interior of a church, with figures. 

Sea Piece — Van de Velde. 

Dutch boats, one in front handsomely decorated. In the offing are vessels 
firing a salute. " This fine picture begins to scale off, in consequence of its 
being very dry. The duke, however, to my great joy, has promised that he 
will take care to have it repaired."* The principal works of this admirable 
artist are to be found in the royal collections and cabinets of this country. 
He came to England with his son, both of whom were employed by Cbarles 
the Second. The palm is not less disputed with Raffael for history, than 
with Van de Velde for Sea Pieces. 

Holy Family — A. Schiavoni. 

The infant Jesus on the lap of the Virgin, St. John holding one hand 
towards him ; Joseph in repose in the back ground. 

This is a beautiful picture, for Schiavoni was accounted one of the finest 
colourists of the Venetian school. 

The Wise Men's Offering — Guido. 

In this charming picture the figures are in red and white. The Saviour 
holds a lily, the Virgin in blue. The tender, the pathetic, and the devout, 
were the characters in which Guido particularly excelled ; and are those which 
not only distinguished him from every other painter, but almost give him pre- 
cedence of all. 

Women and two Infants playing — Leonardo da Vinci. 

Two infants naked sporting in the foreground, an old woman watching them 
at a door. Leonardo da Vinci is allowed to have been one of the greatest 
geniuses of his country. As a painter he possessed taste and great powers of 
expression. He was scarcely less distinguished as an architect, an engineer, 
a poet, and a philosopher, than as a painter. 

* G. F. Waagen, vol. i. p. 231. 




L. DA VINCI.— i). 402. 




MURILLO.— p. 421, 




CARLO IYIARATTI.— p. 404. 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 403 

Landscape and Figures — Gaspar Poussin. 

Landscape and Figures— ditto. 

Landscape and Figures — ditto. 

Dark trees, rocks and towns, with figures in the foreground. Beautiful in 
design, and admirable in effect. 

I mention these three pictures, as well as for their great excellence, as that 
it may be the means of procuring prints from them, wbich I do not remember 
to have seen. 

A Woman feeding Children by Candlelight — Schalken. 

A woman with a candle in her hand feeding a boy with a spoon, the boy 
laughing, a man with a port folio, and other figures in the back ground, very 
highly finished. 

A March, Soldiers refreshing — Vander Meulen. 

Soldiers on horseback refreshing at an Inn or Cottage door. In his imita- 
tion of nature, this artist was exact and faithful, his colouring is excellent, 
and in his landscapes the skies and distances are clear and natural, and his 
pictures have always a very striking effect. 

A Landscape — S wane veldt. 

Trees in the foreground, apiece of water, the ruins of a temple in the 
distance. 

Landscape and Figures — Gasp ah Poussin. 

In the usual dark style of the master. 

Miraculous Draught of Fishes — Rubens. 

Figures in red hauling in fish, Christ in the boat. A bold rough sketch. 
It is impossible not to derive unmixed pleasure from those works of Rubens in 
which the subjects are taken from Scriptures, where so much of the effect 
depends on the elevated expression of moral beauty, sanctity, purity, and calm 
beatitude. The finished picture of this subject forms the altar piece in the 
Cathedral of Mechlin. 

Woman selling Fritters — Schalken. 

An old woman receiving money from a boy, a lamp, fritters and ouions. A 
young woman and other figures in back ground. 

Dutch Merry Making — Ostade. 

Dutch boors drinking and playing cards, painted with the usual humour of 
the master. The pictures of Ostade usually consist of the interiors of ale- 
houses, with Dutch peasants smoking or drinking. His colouring is rich and 
clear, and all his works are highly finished. 

2d2 



404 HISTORY OF CIIISWICK. 

Landscape — Gaspar Poussin. 

Landscape — ditto. 

Dark trees and figures in front. Nothing can exceed the beauty of the 
scenery and perspective of this artist, he particularly excelled in the represen- 
tation of land storms, in which every tree seems agitated, and every leaf in 
motion. 

Presentation in the Temple — Camillo Proccacino. 

This artist was endowed with a surprising faculty of conception, combined 
with a naivete, a comeliness, and a spirit that always charms the eye, though 
often not the mind. But he excelled in the suavity of his style and colour. 

The Samaritan Woman — Paulo Veronese. 

The Samaritan woman at the well, our Saviour addressing her. The 
colouring of Paul Veronese is rich and clear, his draperies brilliant, various 
and magnificent, his touch spirited and free, and all his works are highly 
finished. 

Landscape — Gaspar Poussin. 

In a dark style. Most of these paintings by Poussin are placed too high, 
and in bad lights, therefore no accurate inspection can be obtained. 

Temptation of St. Anthony — A. Caracci. 

Saint Anthony reclining, a lion and other animals surrounding him. Angels 
in the clouds. 

Both painters and poets have made very free with this Saint and his fol- 
lowers ; the former by many ludicrous pictures of his temptation, and the 
latter by various epigrams on his disciples. 

" II faut attaque de diverses tentations. On dit meme que les demons se 
presentment a lui sous differents formes affreuses, et le chargoient de coups." 
Ladovcat. Diet. Hist. 

Views in Venice — Canaletti. 

Two Views in Venice ; the Palace of the Doge, and the Church of St. Mark. 
Canaletti employed himself in taking views of Venice with a management of 
aerial tint approaching to illusion. He visited this country and painted some 
very fine pictures, his works are numerous, and some of those of his pupils 
are often erroneously assigned to him. 

Holy Family — Carlo Maratti. 

The Virgin painted in a blue drapery, the Saviour standing on the left, 
holding a lily. This artist excelled in painting Madonnas, for which reason 
he was called satirically by Salvator Bosa, " Carlucco della Madonna." 

A Mountebank — Tintoretto. 

A mountebank, or Quack Doctor on a stage, a variety of figures around, and 
buildings in the back. A small circular picture. 



chiswick house. 405 

Passage of the Red Sea — Borgognone. 

A gloomy picture, the army of Moses is seen moving up an ascent on the 
right. Pharaoh and host overwhelmed to the left ; Moses and Priests in the 
foreground. 

A Spanish Lady — Velasquez. 

A lady with long dark hair, in a drab coloured dress, trimmed with black, 
laced collar, the right hand raised, a capital picture. The compositions of 
Velasquez are remarkable for strong expression, freedom of pencil, and an 
admirable tone of colouring, almost equal to nature itself. 

In the west saloon is a candelabrum of five feet high, 
surmounted with a lamp, in the form of a ship. 

In a frame, 12 carvings in ivory of Saints, Holy Family, 
and Mary Magdalen. 

Several beautifully carved tables richly gilt, of a pattern 
to correpsond with the building, inlaid with variegated 
marble. 

The chimney pieces carved and enriched with inlaid 
marbles from Italy. 



DRAWING ROOM. 

The Drawing Room occupies a portion of the western 
wirg, and is a spacious apartment, of fine proportions, and 
furnished in an elegant taste. 

Portrait of a Magdalen — Guido. 

In a circular frame, the face looking up with the right hand raised. A 
very beautiful picture. 

Painting and designing — Guido. 

Painting and designing represented by two females. The heads delicately 
painted and clear in the colour. 

Mars and Venus — Albaxo. 

Mars and Venus with Cupid, in a beautiful landscape, the colouring warm, 
and the figures elegantly arranged. " Tbis picture resembles in extent and 
value, the well known large picture in the Louvre, and is very pleasing from 
the warmth of the colouring, the elegance of the figures, and the beauty of 
the landscape." 



406 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Colosseum at Rome — Nicholas Poussin. 

Dull in colour, but the effect of nature in a certain light, figures in front. 

Holy Family — Andrea del Sarto. 

The Virgin in red, with pink drapery round the head. The infant in her 
arms. St. John looking over her right shoulder. This eminent artist painted 
with great freedom and force : his carnations are beautiful, and his figures are 
scarcely inferior to Raphael. His cotemporaries gave him the name of" Senza 
errore," without fault. 

View of Rome — N. Poussin. 

The Arch of Constantine, with figures in front, a dark picture. 

With Poussin came, ancient design, that lifts 
A fairer front, and looks another soul. 

Thomson's Liberty, p. v. 1. 500.' 

Lord Darnley — Titian. 

Three quarter portrait taken when young, fair complexion, light hair, and 
dark dress. A capital picture equal to the best of Vandyck's portraits. The 
portraits of Titian from the force and boldness of colouring and simplicity of 
character, entitle him to the greatest respect, as he undoubtedly stands in the 
first rank in this branch of the art, and in landscape he has not been surpassed. 
It is to Titian (says Sir J. Reynolds) we must turn our eyes, to find excellence 
with regard to colour, and light and shade in the highest degree. He was 
both the first and greatest master of his art. 

Small Landscape — J. Ruysdael. 

A dark picture of trees. Jacob Ruysdael ranks among the best painters of 
the Dutch school, especially in the delineation of wood and water, which he 
gives with great spirit and correctness. 

Landscape and Cattle — Both. 

Several figures, some on a horse, on the shore of a lake, a bark near, a bold 
rocky coast to the right, and trees, evening effect with great warmth of colour. 
John and Andrew Both were two eminent Dutch painters, whose pictures are 
much admired all over Europe. Both these masters had extraordinary readi- 
ness of hand, and a free and light pencil. 

Madonna della Rosa — Domi^ichino. 

Finely painted, the female in pink drapery, with flowers in her lap and 
right hand, the infant holding a rose. Dominichino understood every branch 
of his art, but produced nothing excellent without much study and labour. He 
was admirable in expressing the passions. 

Tent and Horses — Wouvermans. 

The horses light, backed by a dark tent. 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 407 

Landscape — J. Both. 

A very fine picture of this master, bold in arrangement and effect. The 
genius of J. Both directed him to landscape, in which he rose almost to the 
highest perfection, making the style of Claude his model, and by many his 
works are even mentioned in competition with those of that great master. 

The Arch of Constantiiie — Viviani. 

A fine picture of this master. Nothing can be more exactly true than the 
perspective paintings of Viviani ; nothing more elegant and grand in the dis- 
position, nor more beautiful than his choice of subjects. 

A Venetian Nobleman — Rembrant. 

Dressed in a furred gown, head pensively reclines on the right hand. An 
exceedingly fine picture. Every portrait of this artist is valuable and inte- 
resting. His real name was Garritor, but he is always known by the name of 
Van Ryn ; for born on the banks of the Bhyne, he formed his manner by 
studying and imitating nature. The genuine works of this great master bring 
incredible prices, and his etchings are collected with great care and expence 
for the cabinets of the curious. There is a superb collection of them in the 
British Museum. 

Landscape — Hawking — Wouvermans. 

Figure in red on horseback, holding a hawk on his right hand, various 
figures and dogs around, a man in blue mounted on a white horse which is 
drinking at a pond on the left of the picture, hilly country and ruins in the 
distance ; and rough ground with two or three ash trees relieve the figures in 
the centre of the picture, a stormy sky. An excellent painting. The hunting 
pieces and other subjects of Wouvermans, where horses are introduced are 
especially admired. His landscapes and battle scenes also, rank high in 
public estimation. 

The first Earl of Burlington — Vandyck. 

In dark drapery, left hand raised, melancholy countenance, brown hair and 
fair complexion. 

Chemist's Laboratory — Teniers. 

The Alchymist blowing at a charcoal fire on a stand, table, books, and che- 
mical apparatus, in careless arrangement around, several figures at a table in 
the back ground are examining chemical matters, in exceedingly fine condition. 
Teniers occupied himself principally in the delineation of fairs, rustic sports> 
and drinking parties, which he exhibited with such truth, humour, and origi- 
nality, that he may be considered the founder of a style of painting. 

Three Statues — Nicholas Poussin. 

Painted in Chiaro Oscuro, in imitation of statuary. Poussin (says Sir 
J. Reynolds) lived and conversed with the ancient statues so long, that he may 



408 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

be said to Lave been better acquainted with tbem, tlian with the people about 
him. By many he is considered not only as the Eaphael of France, but as one 
of the greatest painters that ever existed. 

Killegrew and his Dog — Vandyck. 

Thomas Killegrew, the dramatist, when young, a half length. One hand on 
a dog, spiritedly and finely painted. 

Landscape — Fishing — ■ Salvator Rosa. 

This is a very fine picture, of large size. Vast rocks on the sea-shore, 
with boats and fishermen, warm and bold in effect, and in most excellent 
condition. " Salvator Rosa," observes Sir J. Reynolds, " gives us a peculiar 
cast of nature, which, though void of all grace, elegance, and simplicity, though 
it has nothing of that elevation and dignity which belong to the grand style, 
yet has that sort of dignity which belongs to savage and uncultivated nature." 
Everything is of a piece, his rocks, trees, sky, even to his handling, have the 
same rude and wild character which animates his figures. The Baron De 
Non says that he was ' grand compositeur, dessinateur spirituel, penseur 
poetique, grand paysagiste, et tout a fait original dans ce genre, vaste et 
grandiose en tout.' " 

The Emperor and Empress of Russia — 
Two Portraits — Miniatures — 

These are miniatures on ivory, carefully and finely painted. 



DINING ROOM. 

Marriage of Cupid and Psyche — Andrea Schiavoxe. 

An upright picture, the figures whole length, the left hand of Cupid is over 
the shoulder of Psyche, the right hand raised, holding a crown of laurel, 
Jupiter presenting a ring to Psyche, who is represented with the wings of a 
butterfly to intimate the lightness of the soul. 

Perry Boat and Cattle — Berghem. 

A first rate painting in fine condition, cattle in the foreground, and figures 
embarking in the ferry boat : on the opposite shore are represented trees and 
the ruins of a cottage ; the warm, red and yellow of the cattle of the figures 
oppose, and at the same time harmonize finely with the sombre tints of the 
trees and ruined castle in the middle distance; the sky enlivened by rolling 
clouds tinged by the sun. 

The Repose — N. Poussix. 

Ruins of a Temple and Figures. 

The Earl of Pembroke and his Sister — Vandyck. 

Tbe Earl of Pembroke in a pink dress gathering roses. 
The lady in white, a three quarter picture. 



CHISW1CK HOUSE. 409 

The Inside of a Church — Kelrings. 

Soman architecture, circular columns and arches, altar splendidly decorated, 
a priest officiating, ladies and other figures kneeling. This artist copied his 
views, and every particular object from nature, and he finished them with 
amazing patience. 

Noah Sacrificing — Carlo Maratti. 

A figure in white is seen kneeling in front of a rude altar, Noah with his 
hands supplicating, other figures on the right. 

Susannah and Elders — Paul Veronese. 

The elders in long robes, Susannah in drapery to the knees. 

Salmacis and Hemaproditus — Albano. 



or leave me to mvself alone 



You rude uncivil nymph, or I'll be gone ; 

Fair stranger then, says she, it shall be so 
And, for she fear'd his threats, she feigned to go." 

Salmacis embracing the object of her regards, who appears to be repulsing 
her; a Cupid is in the back ground, the flesh exceedingly fine and warin in 
colour, a glowing picture, first rate, and in good condition. Albano is cele- 
brated for the grace and elegance of his female figures, and the loveliness of 
his Cupids. Connoisseurs remark a great sameness in his delineation of these 
subjects, which is accounted for by the fact that his wife Doratea, a woman of 
extraordinary beauty, was his model in the first case, and the twelve children 
she bore him in the second. He was denominated the painter of tbe graces, 
and the anacreon of painting. 

Women at the Cross — Bassano. 

A dark picture, women weeping, a man with his left hand elevated looking 
up, colouring clear and warm. 

Bassano painted history and portrait, and was an artist of considerable 
reputation. 

Madonna and St. Catharine — Parmegiano. 

A capital painting. In his professional career Parmegiano first imitated the 
style of Michael Angelo, and afterwards followed that of Baffael ; his colouring 
was most beautiful, and he is supposed to have been the first artist who 
employed the point for etching. 

Sleeping Venus — Seb. Bjcci. 

The figure naked. 

Coach and six Horses — Sir Godfrey Kneller. 

Cream coloured horses, coachman and postillion in green and red, braided 
with white. A remarkable picture. 



410 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Holy Family — Schidone. 

Saint John kneeling to the Saviour, Joseph reading, and Virgin with the 
right [hand raised. The genius of Schidone was noble and grand, and his 
style of painting is exceedingly elevated ; his touch light, delicate, and admir- 
able, and all his pictures are finished in an exquisite manner. His pictures 
are very rare. 

Small Landscape — Polemberg. 

This is a landscape with naked figures sleeping. This artist distinguished 
himself chiefly by his landscapes, in which he treated nature with much truth; 
his skies are particularly admired for the transparency of then* colouring. His 
animals are sometimes by other painters, particularly by Berghem. 

Romulus and Remus — P. Da Cortona. 

The goatherd with the infants in his arms, the right hand points towards 
the place where they were discovered. The woman is sitting in the shade of 
a rude hut or cottage. A naked boy reclines at her feet. The figures beau- 
tifully drawn and the colouring good. The invention of this artist was rich, 
and his execution graceful and beautiful. It has been said " that he had fire 
in his colours, vehemence in his hands, and fury in his pencil." This is also 
engraved by Le Strange. 

Piazza del Popolo — Gabrielli. 

The entrance into Rome. 

A Jew Rabbi — Rembrant. 

Represented in a cap, and having a beard. This is the celebrated Jew Rabbi 
so well engraved by Peltier, and is considered as the best of all Rembrant' s 
portraits. 

Rembrant in his Painting Room — Gerard Douw. 

Rembrant is seen at his easel painting, a bureau or cupboard in back ground, 
pieces of armour, and violin in front, a staircase at the back. The easel rests 
against a column. A capital picture of considerable size, which was exhibited 
by the Duke of Devonshire's permission, in Pall Mall, in the Summer of 1844. 

Pope Innocent the Ninth — Velasquez. 

Half length, right hand raised, very fine. 

The pictures of this great Spanish artist are of excessive rarity and price. 

Holy Family — And. del Sarto. 

Holy family, finely painted. The Virgin supporting the Saviour in left 
hand, the infant is standing, two female figures are near. 

Ponte Rotto — Gabrielli. 

The Tiber and remains of a bridge, on the opposite bank a causeway 
leads to the river, figures and boats in front. This bridge was the " Pome 
Senatorio." 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 411 

Two richly carved tables, inlaid with marble. 
Susannah and Elders — Rousseau. 

Susannah in blue drapery over her shoulders. Elders at the back looking 
over her shoulder. In the choice of his scenes Rousseau shews remarkable 
elegance of taste, his grounds are well broken, his distances well conducted, 
his skies finely imagined, and there appears great harmony in most of his 
compositions. 

A Man Hawking — Inigo Jones. 

A field of trees, and a man hawking, a curious and spirited picture. 

Two Views of Venice — Van Lint. 

Two Views of Venice, warm and clear in colouring. The manner of the 
composition of this artist was in the grand style, his design being correct, and 
his colouring good. 

Four Portraits of Boys, representing the Four Seasons. 
Four small half-length figures of Boys, the painter not 
known. 

Landscape and Figures — Castiglione. 

A female with an infant reposing in the shade of a building, trees behind. 
A small darkly coloured picture. 

Castiglione is distinguished for his landscapes and animals, but he is not 
incapable of moving in a higher walk of the art, as is proved by his picture of 
the Nativity, in St. Lucca. His pencil was vigorous and unaffected. 

Four Views in Rome. Four Views in colour. Ponte 
Rotto, or Broken Bridge. View of Rome, and Tiber in 
front. A distant View of the City. Castle on the Sea 
Shore. Van Lint. 

View of Florence — Gabrielli. 

The city in the middle distance backed by a mountainous country, an open 
space in front. Fir trees in fore ground. 

The doorways, and the whole of this apartment are 
superbly gilt, on a white ground, and the initials R. B. 
and D. B. carved and gilt on the mouldings. 



SMALL BED ROOM. 

Earl of Strafford — Vandyck. 

Serious and inflexible expression of countenance, dark in complexion and 
black dress ; in a bad light. 



412 



HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 



Landscape — Bolognese. 

Dark picture, trees and high mountains, figures in front. Placed in a bad 
light. 



GALLERY. 

Centre of the cieling, an oval, (ornaments by Kent,) 

P. Veronese. 

Apparently a repose after a battle — spirited and effected. 

Battle Piece — Borgognone. 

A skirmish of cavalry — remarkably spirited and clear in colouring. 

A Feast — Bassano. 

Preparation for a feast, several female figures in various occupations ; warm 
in effect. 

Landscape — Bolognese. 

Bridge and waterfall, buildings and mountains in distance, foreground trees 
and figures. A fine picture. Bolognese became a good painter in fresco, and 
his subjects were architecture and perspective. 

Three Landscapes — Bolognese. 

Placed over the window in a bad light, much too high for inspection. The 
first fruit trees and figures. 2. Figures and architectural groups. 3. Trees 
and woody scenery, bold and dark. 

Two Statues, Muse and Apollo — Scheemaker. 

Two Statues, Venus and Mercury. Two small Busts 
over chimney piece. Two Porphyry Vases from Rome. 
Infant Hercules, bronze — Guelphi. 

Three incense Lamps over chimney piece — Cellini. 

Benvenuti Cellini has wrought both in marble and in metal, and imitated, 
in his works of statuary, the fame of his great master, Michael Angelo. 

Three Landscapes — Bolognese. 

Tables and candelabra, carved and gilt, and inlaid with 
variegated marbles. 

Twelve chairs similar to those in the Dome Room. 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 413 



SALOON OR TAPESTRY ROOM. 

Five subjects worked after designs, by Teniers. 

These tapestry pieces reach from the dado to the cornice. 

Countess of Burlington and her Sister. Lady Thanet, 

Aikman. 

Alexander Pope. Earl of Cumberland. Four Portraits, 

ovals — Kent. 

These portraits are painted in an admirable style, but the painters names 
are not mentioned. 



EAST SALOON. 

Flower Piece — Bapt. Seb. Ricci. 

A large upright picture, a figure of Cupid in front, by Sebastian, the flowers 
by Baptist. 

Landscape — Rubens. 

High trees and figures, dark in effect. 

Portrait — Rembrant. 

Portrait of a man in a hat, warm in colour, and powerful in effect. 

Marriage at Canaan — Marco Ricci. 

A fine picture, splendid architecture, and a variety of figures, clear colouring 
and effective. 

Landscape — Rubens. 

A road winds, by a tomb, towards mountains. 

Portrait — Vandyck. 

Half-length, hair dark and long, mustaches and armour. 

Duchess of Somerset — Vandyck. 

Three-quarter figure, fair hair and dark eyes, left hand raised, a fine portrait. 

Portrait of a little Girl — Dutch School. 

Well painted in a red dress, with worked laced collar, a whole length. 

Dog and Cat, and Dead Game — Sneyders. 

A fine specimen of Sneyders animated subjects, a dog and cat snarling 
over dead game. His dog pieces are life-like and vigorous. 



414 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Fruit Trees and Figures — 

Well arranged, a female purchasing fruit of a man at the back, fruit, &c. in 
front, on a table ; a large painting. 

Portrait of a Youth — Rembrant. 

In a cap, red drapery relieves the head, warm in colour, and beautifully 
finished. 

Portrait — Hayter. 

With a pallet and brushes, well and clearly painted. 

Saint at Prayer — Caracci. 

A capital picture, three-quarter length, dark in effect. 

The Nativity— Giatenti Brandi. 

The light appears to come from the infant Jesus in this painting : Joseph 
reclines in front. This artist had, indeed, a lively genius and a free pencil, 
but he was exceedingly incorrect, and his colouring was weak and disagree- 
able. He worked more for money than for fame. 

Saint Gregory — Cavedone. 

Pensive countenance with a book, a dove on the right hand. It has been 
observed by some good judges, that this artist had three different manners, at 
three periods of his life. His first was excellent, the second indifferent, and 
his last feeble and miserably bad. 

Game and Dogs — Sneyders. 

Game highly coloured, trees and two dogs in back ground. 

Fruit Piece — 

Spirited and beautiful in colour ; a Turkey carpet introduced. This piece 
combines well with the various colours of the fruit. 

Two Landscapes— Franc. Mola. 

Dark pictures with figures. 

The Ascension— Alb an o. 

A small painting in bad condition. 

Lot and his two Daughters — Rotenhammer. 

Landscape— Savanefeldt. 

A Sketch. — His pictures have a sweetness and tenderness like Claude, but 
they want his warmth and are not so striking in their effect ; yet, with respect 
to his figures and animals, they are far superior to his master, Claude, both in 
the design as well as in the outline. 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 415 

Portrait — Portius — Rubens. 

Landscape Bolognese. 

Dark wood and figures. 

Portrait — Vandyck. 

A fair complexion with mustacliios and hat, left hand on breast. 

Portrait — Tintoretto. 

Three-quarters, dark beard and dress, spiritedly painted. 

Small Portrait of a Man — Rubens. 

Holding a letter in his left hand, a small painting highly finished. 

Diana and Endymion — Marco Ricci. 

Upright painting. 

Crucifixion of a Saint — Bourdenone. 

Saint crucified head downwards, spirited and warm. The landscapes of 
Bourdenone are in the taste of Titian. His touch is extremely light, his 
colouring good, his attitudes are full of variety and generally graceful, and his 
expression is lively and animated. 

Inside of a Church — P. De Vaga. 

A sketch, priest and figures at the altar. 

Portrait of a Lady — Rubens. 

Black silk dress, large ruff and cap. Three-quarter length. 

A View in Rome — Salvator Rosa. 

Boldly painted with dark effect. 

Portrait of a Man — Rubens. 

Dark dress and large ruff". Three-quarter length. 

Procession of the Doge of Venice — P. Veronese. 

A masterly sketch, about twelve feet long, containing a vast number of 
figures, Palace of the Doge, and the Beucentaur in the back ground. 

Jesuit's Church of Antwerp — Steinwick. 

Remarkably carefully painted, the architectural details highly finished, per- 
haps too much so in the distant parts, for the aerial perspective. A procession 
entering at a side door, figures kneeling. A very fine picture. 

Virgin and Child — Parmegiano. 

Virgin and Child in playful expression, clearly and beautifully painted. 



416 HISTORY OF cms WICK. 

Holy Family — John Van Eyck. 

An altar-piece with wings, the centre two feet high by two and a half wide ; 
the Virgin and child seated in the middle, with the Saviour in her lap, reaching 
at an apple which is presented by an angel ; on one side an angel playing on 
an instrument, to the right a man in a kneeling posture, accompanied by 
St. Catharine , on the left his wife, wearing a sugar-loaf shaped cap, and his 
daughter, accompanied by a female Saint. 

In the wings are painted the figures of St. John the Divine- The backs of 
these wings have each a figure painted in chiaro oscuro, representing statues. 

Here is the picture which Horace Walpole in his book 
on painting in England mentions by Jan Van Eyck. It 
is an altar-piece, with side doors, or wings, the centre 
piece of which is about two feet high and two and a half 
wide. In the middle the Virgin is seated, with the child 
on her lap, reaching at an apple, which an angel presents 
to him ; on the other side, an angel playing on an instru- 
ment ; on the right hand, a man kneeling, recommended by 
St. Catharine ; on the left hand, his wife, wearing a sugar- 
loaf shaped cap, and his daughter, recommended by another 
female Saint. According to Horace Walpole's account, 
these persons represent the family of Lord Clifford. On 
the right hand is St. John the Baptist with a lamb ; on the 
left, St. John the Evangelist with a cup, from which the 
serpent appears The back -ground is a landscape. John 
Van Eyck is quite out of the question ; but the picture is, 
however, amongst the finest of his school ; in the Virgin 
and angels it strongly reminds us of the great picture in 
the hospital of St. John, at Bruges, which the inscription 
assigns to Memling, and in the wings of the small altar, 
with St. Christopher, by the same master, in the collection 
formerly belonging to Messrs. Brissiere. Unfortunately 
this gem is hung too high to allow the spectator duly to 
appreciate the execution of the details, which is a principal 
charm of the pictures of this school ; and though it is at 
present in good preservation, the sun, to which it is very 
much exposed, threatens its destruction. It is remarkable 
that while manuscripts, adorned with miniatures by this 
school, are so highly esteemed by the English that they 



cms wick house. 417 

purchase them at high prices ;* yet with very few excep- 
tions, they have not a taste for the oil paintings of the 
same school, though the latter served as models for the 
miniatures, in a still higher degree. All the qualities for 
which the latter are valued, simplicity and depth of feeling, 
truth to nature, and admirable execution of the details, 
the greatness, freshness, and beauty of the colours, are 
superior to every thing that painting has produced in the 
ancient German style, which has the greatest affinity 
with the gothic architecture of which the English are so 
passionately fond. 

The chief reason may, perhaps, be, that the English 
have too much accustomed themselves to consider pictures 
as ornaments of rooms. Hence they first see whether a 
picture belongs to a period when art was in perfection, by 
its chiaro oscuro perspective and animation of figures, and 
want of spirit, feebleness of conception, negligence in the 
execution, so common in many of the latter Italians, are 
more readily pardoned than a certain meagerness of form, 
awkwardness of attitude, or faults in perspective, which 
we meet with in old Flemish painters. 

An eminent genealogist has at length decided the iden- 
tity of the portraits, and the age of the picture : — 

" The occasion of my present writing is to make known 
the real subjects of the portraits. The favourable circum- 
stances to which I have already alluded, enabled me to 
examine the picture sufficiently close to ascertain the 
charges upon a row of small shields placed upon an archi- 
tectural cornice in the upper part of it. The charges upon 
all the shields are the same, viz: — 

Azure a wolf salient argent, impaling argent, a maunche, sable. 

Now neither of these coats has any thing to do with the 
Clifford's, but the former belongs to Donne, and the latter 
to Hastings. By a reference to the genealogy of the latter 
illustrious house, it will be seen that Elizabeth, one of 
the sisters of William, first lord Hastings, the lord cham- 

* Not quite true, as a picture of a very small size, by Van Eyck, was lately 
purchased for the National Gallery at a considerable price. 



418 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

berlain of King Edward the Fourth, was married to Sir 
John Donne. From a pedigree of the Gwrgant MS. in 
the College of Arms, I have ascertained the identity of 
this Sir John Donne with " John Donne of Kydwelle," 
who was one of the Welshmen of rank who were slain when 
the earl of Pembroke's army, fighting on the king's party, 
was routed at the field of Edgccote, near Banbury, on the 
26th July, 1469. In the historical narrative, edited by 
Mr. Flalliwell, for the Camden Society, under the title 
of Warkworth's Chronicle, their names are thus given; and 
among others, Harry Donne, of Pickton; John Donne, of 
Kydwelle, &c. 

" In this short list occur not only the names of Sir John 
Donne and his brother, but it commences with his brother's 
father-in-law, Sir Roger Vaughan, and also contains one 
of the family into which his brother's heiress was married. 

" It is clear, therefore, that Sir John Donne, and Eliza- 
beth Hastings, his wife, are the personages whose portraits 
are so vividly and minutely preserved in the Chiswick 
picture. It is to be remarked that both the knight and 
the lady wear the collar of the livery of the Rose and Sun, 
with a white lion sejant dependant in front; this collar is 
peculiar to the reign of Edward the Fourth, and the pic- 
ture could not have been painted before 1461, nor could 
it be after 1469, when Sir John Donne was slain. Whether 
at that period it is likely to have been painted by Mendle- 
ing, the artist mentioned by Mr. Waagen, I am not able to 
determine, as I have not succeeded in finding any parti- 
culars of him. 

" From what causes the portraits assembled in this picture 
were ever ascribed to the ' Lord Clifford and his family,' 
it would be difficult to guess from any print suggested by 
the picture itself; but, from the circumstances of its being 
preserved in the earl of Burlington's collection, it may be 
supposed that it was either brought from one of the man- 
sions of the Clifford's, (the heiress of the last earl of 
Cumberland being married to the first earl of Burlington, 
who was, in consequence created lord Clifford, of Lanes- 
borough, county of York,) or that it was deceptively 



cms WICK HOUSE. 



419 



recommended to lord Burlington on the plea of its repre- 
senting some of his ancestors of that line."* 



GREEN ROOM. 



Portrait of Inigo Jones — Kent. 

The talent displayed by Kent for painting was eclipsed by his skill displayed 
in architecture and gardening, as well at Chiswick as elsewhere. He was a 
painter, an architect, and the father of modern gardening. In the first cha- 
racter he was below mediocrity; in the second, he was a restorer of the 
science; in the last, an original, and the imitator of an art that realizes and 
improves nature. 

First Earl of Sandwich — Dobson. 

In rounds over the door to the bed-room, the head very finely painted. 
Dobson possessed much sweetness of touch, fine colouring, and a bold manner. 
He painted both history and portrait, but chiefly the latter. He was, indeed, 
one of the most eminent painters of his time, and King Charles called him the 
English Tintorett. 



Two Views in Venice — 
Head of a Man — 

A small head in a sombre stvle. 



Van Lint. 
Bassano. 

P. Da Cortano. 



Scourging of Christ — 



St. John — 

A small painting, highly finished. 

Bassano. 

A dark painting. 

Sketch of a Head — Tintoretto. 

Expressive head. 

"Woman taken in Adultery — Alex. Veronese. 

Two male figures are binding the woman : dark and effective. 

Portrait — Rubens. 

A finely painted portrait 

Four Landscapes — Brueghel. 

Dark style — Brueghel excelled in landscapes, and droll subjects, resembling 
those of Teniers ; and he was particularly fond of representing the marches 
of armies, robberies, sports, dances, and weddings. His best paintings are 
only surpassed by those of Teniers. 

* Gent. Mag. Nov. 1840, p. 489. 
2 E % 



420 HISTORY OF CHISW1CK. 

Holy Family — Parmegiano. 

Highly finished, of miniature size. 

Flora — Albano. 

Flora in the clouds, supported by Cupid, very finely finished, a small picture. 

Holy Family — D. Calvert. 

A miniature painting — the figures of this artist were well disposed and 
grouped, his draperies judiciously cast, his touch delicate, and the tone of his 
colouring exceedingly pleasing. 

Cleopatra — Leonardo. Da Vinci. 

A profile head, with the adder at the breast. A female portrait, called Cleo- 
patra, on account of a serpent on the bosom; but the expression of indiffe- 
rence in the fine and handsome face, Dr. Waagen says, does not correspond 
with the character. 

Two Portraits — Holbein. 

Two remarkable three-quarter portraits, in small octagon frames. 

A Head — Holbein. 

A fine head. This admirable artist painted equally well in oil, water 
colours, and destemper, and he excelled all his cotemporaries in portrait. It 
is much to be regretted, that portrait painters have so frequently omitted to 
inscribe their pictures with the names of the persons represented; defeating 
thereby the end generally proposed of transmitting to posterity the resemb- 
lance of those whose actions or talents are worthy of record. 

Marriage in Canaan — G. Brandi. 

A small highly finished picture. 

Architecture and Figures — Salviati. 

A small highly finished painting. 

Three Portraits — School of Rubens. 

Well painted heads, in black frames. 

The Broken Pitcher — an enamel 

A female lamenting over a broken pitcher. 

Petrarch's Laura — 

Highly finished, half-length. " A female portrait, very delicate, kept under 
glass, without any reason." 

Holy Family — Gaspar Poussin. 

In a fine style. 




RUBENS.— p. 403. 



NICHOLAS POUSSIN.— p. 40' 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 421 



In the East Saloon is a Cabinet painted with twenty-six 
Historical subjects of an old date. 

Boys' Head — Holbein. 

Very excellent. 

A good Portrait, painter unknown. 

Spanish Boy — Murillo. 

A beggar boy reclining eating a snail pie. A capital picture, rich in colour- 
ing, and possesses all the expression for which his pictures are so justly 
admired. From bis early youth, Murillo delighted in tbe delineation of fami- 
liar life ; and more especially in those of peasants and beggar boys. 

The Good Samaritan — J. Bassano. 

A capital picture of tbis master, who principally succeeded in landscapes 
and animals , be is much esteemed on account of bis admirable taste of 
colours, whicb in bis best works are little inferior to tbose of Titian. 

Madame Van Tromp — Blomaert. 

An exceedingly well executed portrait. Tbis artist painted bistory and 
landscapes, and was an excellent colourist, but defective in drawing. 

First Duke of Devonshire, painter not known. 

Christ and two Apostles. — P. Carravagio. 

In tbe eifective gusto of this master, wbo was a rigid observer of the forms 
and costumes of tbe ancients, so that bis works appeared with all tbe cbaracter 
of Athenian art in the heads, and the draperies of bis figures. 

Tivoli — a Water Fall. — Salvator Eos a. 

Effective as to light and shade. 

Four marble busts. 



SUMMER PARLOUR. 

Landscape — Van Gogen. 

This artist was indefatigable in painting, and be possessed an uncommon 
readiness of baud and freedom of pencil. He understood perspective well, 
and also tbe principles of chiaro-oscuro, which enabled bim to give his pictures 
a strong and agreeable effect. 



422 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 

Two Ladies at Bath — 

Possibly by Janet, who was called the French Holbein. 

These figures represent Juliette Hyppolyte D'Estree, Marquis De Yelle, 
and Gabrielle, the favourite of Henry the Fourth. They are represented in a 
bath, and are much alike in complexion and features. An old woman in the 
back ground. Painted in the flat style of the early masters. 

Cattle and Figures — Rosa de Tivoli. 

Portrait — Philips. 

Architectural Scene. 

Landscape — Claude. 

A chef d'ceuvre of this master. The peculiar excellencies of Claude, are 
the warmth and lustre of his lights, the fine keepiug of his distances, the deli- 
cacy and variety of tints, and the sweetness and harmony diffused over the 
whole. He is censured by Sir J. Reynolds, for introducing mythological 
learning into his pictures ; which, however, conduct us to the tranquillity of 
Arcadian scenes and fairy land. But he is justly esteemed as the greatest 
of landscape painters. 

Landscape and Cattle — Both. 

Venus, Mars, and Vulcan — Albaxo. 

Venus and Cupid — Seb. Ricci. 

Madonna — Carlo Dolce. 

The Madonnas of Carlo Dolce exhibit an uncommon delicacy, and pathetic 
emotion, and the colouring in all his pictures is sweetly harmonious. 

Two Portraits — Ladies, three-quarter figures — 

Dutch Style. 
Rembrant — Rembrant. 

Portrait of a Priest, with a ruff. 



HOUSEKEEPER'S ROOM. 

Three small heads. 1. The late duke of Devonshire. 
2. The late lord Burlington. S. The late lord Cavendish. 

Portrait of a Lady in Turkish Costume, the right hand 
raised, in the left hand a music book. Italian style, half- 
length. 

Portraits of two daughters of the third earl of Bur- 
lington, who built the house. Half-lengths. 

Portrait of a Lady in a riding habit, small. 



cms wick house 428 

A Flower Piece, in a round, well painted. 
Three small heads. 

The Saloons are seven, en suite, and form a brilliant 
coup d'oeil, which astonish the visitor by their splendid 
and valuable contents of objects of vertu, and works of art. 

His grace has lately added some invaluable gems col- 
lected during his recent prolonged tour in Italy and 
Greece. 

On the walls of the grand staircase leading to the saloon, 
are placed the following large and superb engravings. 

The duchess of Devonshire. The Emperor of Russia. 
The late countess of Burlington. His grace the duke of 
Wellington. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager. The 
late duke of Orleans. La Madonna de S. Sisto de Raff, 
de Dresden. Xapoleon Le Grand. Gerard Pinxit. Views 
of Chatsworth. Hardwick. Bolton Abbey. Bacchus 
putting a ring on the finger of Ariadne. 

Among the latest additions to the objects of vertu, is a 
splendid present from the Emperor Nicholas, to the duke 
of Devonshire, consisting of a magnificent clock, in a case 
of Malacholite, surmounted with a representation of Peter 
the Great in a storm. The emperor is standing in a boat 
with the helm in his hand appearing firm and undaunted; 
the boat is about a foot long, in bronze. 

Underneath, on a black marble pedestal, is inscribed in 

gilt letters : — 

EX. DONO 

MCOLAI 

M.DCCCXLTV. 

Two large open vases of malacholite standing on 
pedestals of porphyry, five feet high.* 

These are placed in front of the window looking on to 
the great walk and cedar avenue, and form beautiful and con- 
spicuous objects ; the window having been made upon a level 
with the floor on purpose to display them to advantage. 

* This mineral which is of a vivid green veined, is found in the silver mines 
of Russia and Sweden, and is obtained massive and chrystalized in six sided 
prisms. 



424 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



THE GARDENS. 

It seems rather a matter of surprise, amidst the various 
publications on the subject of rural scenery, which have 
lately employed the pen and pencil of our writers and 
artists, that so leading and capital a specimen of landscape 
gardening as Chiswick exhibits should not have caught the 
eye, and pre-occupied the powers of some one better skilled 
perhaps in description, but not more ardent in admiration, 
of its picturesque prospects. The following remarks are, 
therefore, offered in elucidation of this subject. 

The beauty of a pleasure ground does not consist in a 
formal division of parts as in an edifice; it should delight 
us by its wildness and fancy, and by an artless irregularity. 
Art, indeed, should never appear ; and every varied scene 
should be so happily blended as to excite pleasure and 
admiration. This is the method to be observed ; but if 
one part should be broken by false taste, the whole design 
may justly incur our censure. The local advantages of 
the place should always be consulted and retained, and the 
study of nature will assist effectually to display them. 
These leading principles being adopted, it may be then 
determined where to erect the various architectural embel- 
lishments, as the noblest edifices lose much of their beauty 
and effect if not associated with rural objects. 

Nempe inter varias nutritur silva columnas ; 
Laudaturque domus, longosquse prospicit agros. 
Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret. 

Hor. Epivt. x. lib. i. 

E'en amidst new palaces we plant a grove, 
And gardens dress, our care shews what we love. 
That house is most, esteem'd, he wisely builds, 
That hath a prospect to the open fields. 
Strive to expel nature stroug — 'tis in vain, 
With double force she will return again. 

Creech . 

The stately column may terminate an avenue ; the appro- 
priate temple should rise on easy sloped lawns, under 
hanging groves ; grottos rural and retired should border 



cms wick house. 425 

on the reflecting lake ; cascades should be romantically 
disposed among bold and misshapen rocks. Thus to surprise 
and please is the essence of taste in the composition of 
the landscape ; and whoever is happy enough to accomplish 
these objects, has attained the whole art of ornamental 
gardening. The poets of all ages have painted the beauties 
of nature in such lively colours, that it is surprising that 
no imitative genius should have sprung up, and exploded 
the tasteless conceits that so long prevailed, by realizing 
their charming descriptions. How finely, and with what 
judgment and taste does Homer sing the beauties of the 
garden. The most ancient and renowned of which is that of 
Alcinous. It was indeed planted by the poet himself, and 
enriched by him with the fairy gift of perpetual verdure 
and eternal summer, and surpassing anything of the kind 
hitherto seen. The whole extent of this beautiful garden 
enclosed an area of four acres. We are therefore sure, 
that as late as Homer's time, this extent comprehended 
orchard, vineyard, and kitchen garden, and was a stretch 
of luxury that the world had never before beheld ; and it 
formed that boasted paradise which 

The gods ordained 
To grace Alcinous and his happy land. 

Pope's Homer. 

Sir William Temple has remarked that the following 
description contains all the justest rules and provisions 
which conduce to the composition of the best gardens : — 

Close to the gates a spacious garden lies, 

From storms defended, and inclement skies. 

Four acres was the allotted space of ground, 

Fenc'd with a green enclosure all around. 

Beds of all various herbs, for ever green, 

In beauteous order terminate the scene. 

Two plenteous fountains the whole prospect crown'd ; 

This thro' the gardens leads its streams around, 

Visits each plant, and waters all the ground; 

While that in pipes beneath the palace flows, 

And thence its currents on the town bestows ; 

To various use their various streams they bring, 

The people one, and one supplies the kiug. 

Homer's Odyss. b. vii. 



4£6 HISTORY OF CHISW1CK. 

Milton has also sung the beauties of the garden with 
much taste in the following description; but we must 
recollect that he had never seen a glimpse of the sublime 
vision which he has so finely imagined. The conceits in 
Italian gardens, and in those of Theobald's or Nunsuch, 
were the brightest originals that his memory could furnish, 
but his intellectual eye saw a nobler prospect, so little did 
he suffer by the loss of sight. His boundless imagination 
told him how a plan might be disposed that would embellish 
nature, and restore art to its proper office, by the just 
improvements and embellishment of her various works : — 



Thus was this place 



A happy rural seat of various hue : 

Groves whose rich trees wept odorous gums and balm ; 

Others, whose fruit, buruish'd with golden rind, 

Hung amiable, Hesperian fables true, 

If true, here only, and of delicious taste. 

Betwixt them lawns, or level downs, and flocks 

Grazing the tender herb, were interpos'd; 

Or palmy hillock, or the flow'ry lap 

Of some irriguous valley spread her store. 

Paradise Lost, b. iv 1. 246. 

From these delightful but imaginary scenes of the poets, 
we now turn our attention to the labours of modern artists, 
which, it seems generally acknowledged, have been more 
successfully exerted in this country than in any other part 
of Europe. But these desirable and felicitous improve- 
ments have not been accomplished without having to 
struggle and contend with the bad taste and inveterate 
habits of foreign examples, among the most distinguished 
of which may be mentioned the celebrated Le Notre, who 
was invited here on a mission to improve our taste ; he 
was the first gardener of his time, but he tortured nature 
with all that force of genius which was then the prevailing 
mode ; his designs were very extensive, though they were 
puerile, for he never consulted nature but to pervert her 
beauties. His system consisted of long tiresome avenues, 
straight canals, ponds, square and oblong, these composedhis 
favourite waters ; mounts regular and uniform, naked and 
unadorned ; temples without shade .; crowds of monkey 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 427 

figures marked the clipped holly, the yew, and the box ; 
while the flaming red gravel gave its assistance in a variety 
of zig-zag walks to dazzle the eye, in tracing the formal 
round of every childish parterre. 

Grove nods at grove, each alley Las a brother, 
And half the platform just reflects the other. 

Pope's Moral Essays, Ep. iv. 1. 116. 

Instead of those delightful sylvan scenes which emanate 
from the hand of nature, those scenes which captivate on 
the first sight, and engage the attention, we regret to see 
her mutilated and restrained by art misapplied ; we are 
indeed everywhere conscious of pompous expense, and 
useless prodigality ; we look around and find a tiresome 
sameness ; our expectations are worn out, and we retire 
unsatisfied and disappointed. But these absurdities in the 
art of landscape gardening have at length disappeared, 
thanks to the genius of a Bridgeman, a Kent,* a Brown, 
and a Loudon; and the advocates of magnificence and 
regularity admit the propriety of the present improved 
taste, so happily displayed in the Arcadian scenes described 
in the folio whig pages. 

Mason, alluding to the mediocrity of Kent as a painter, 
pays this fine tribute to his excellence in the decoration 
of rural scenery : — 

He felt 
The pencil'd power ; but fir'd by higher forms 
Of beauty, than that pencil knew to paint, 
Work'd with the living hues that nature lent, 
And realiz'd his landscapes. 

On descending from the steps of the portico, you enter 
the gardens by the great gravel walk, which is one hund- 
red and thirty yards long, and twenty-five feet wide : it 
extends nearly to the high road leading to Kew bridge. 

* In the church, in the Earl of Burlington's vault, is interred the illustrious 
Kent, a painter, architect, and the father of modern gardening. He frequently 
declared, it is said, that he caught his taste in gardening from reading the 
picturesque descriptions of Spencer. However this maybe, the designs which 
he made for the works of that poet are incontestible proofs that these pictu- 
resque descriptions had no effect upon his executive powers as a painter. 



428 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



This walk is adorned with magnificent cedar trees, the 
average circumference of which is sixteen feet, at about 
three feet high, and about fifty feet in height ; large hand- 
some stone vases and terms border this walk alternately 
with the cedars, behind which is an avenue of limes ; and 
at the southern extremity of this walk, at high tide, a 
lively vieAY of the Thames is attained, with the passing- 
steamers, barges, and boats. Between the trees are also 
placed antique busts upon terms, three of which are thus 
inscribed :— SOKPATHS— AYKOVTOS.— L. A. Verus. 

The Arcade. — This building forms a conspicuous and 
pleasing object to this part of the gardens ; it is in form 
of an oblong square, consisting of five arches, surmounted 
by an entablature and balustrade, and is divided by columns 
of the Corinthian order, having a double front of the same 
form and proportions, the ends being open with a single 
arch; through these arches is obtained a view of the 
Italian garden facing the conservatory. In front of this 
arcade are three arches formed of Irish yews, which divide 
the long walk and the adjoining lawn. 

The arcade is flanked by a magnificent yew hedge, 
extending ninety feet on each side, twenty feet high, and 
seven feet broad, and capable of sustaining the weight of 
a man. The sunk fence in front is crossed by an orna- 
mental iron bridge, on the slope of which are some 
beautiful specimens of Magnolias and other choice shrubs. 
Here is also a splendid specimen of the Indian Cedar, 
called Cedrus Deodata. 

At the southern end of this yew hedge stands a gladiator, 
and at the northern end Hercules with his club, and in 
the intervening space are placed a female Grecian head, 
a Roman empress, a bust, a satyr, and Cain killing Abel, 
a group larger than life, by Scheemaker, much admired as 
one of his best performances. 

The Flower Garden in front of the conservatory is laid 
out in the Italian stile of geometrical divisions, and 
abounds in all the choicest beauties of the floral kingdom, 
disposed in beds of various forms, and consisting of groups of 
Verbena, Petuonia, Calceolaria, JEnothera, Fuchsia, Salvias, 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 429 

Anagalis ; the plants are arranged according to the colours 
of their flowers, and may be seen in their greatest perfec- 
tion in the month of July. A large collection of standard 
roses is planted throughout, and the centre walk is lined 
on either side by Robinia Inermes, and the whole is sur- 
rounded by Chinese roses. 

Here we see collected into the small space of a few 
acres, the most beautiful and wonderful of the natural 
ornaments of the earth ; which, though transplanted from 
their natural soil, are here fostered and tended with that 
anxious care, which only the devotion of science can ever 
dictate. 

The Orangery is a handsome building, and appears to 
have formed part of the old premises, as may be seen in 
Kip's Bird's-eye View. It is now filled with orange trees 
in great perfection, perfuming the surrounding neighbour- 
hood to a considerable distance. 

The Roman obelisk. In the grounds near the road 
leading to Brentford, is placed an obelisk, the base of 
which is antique, and is enriched with two figures stand- 
ing close together holding a child by the hand; the 
allusion is unknown. 

Crossing the iron bridge before-mentioned, you obtain 
a view of the back lawn, and from this point proceeding 
along the broad gravel walk running parellel with the 
south fence, you obtain a view of Inigo Jones's gate, lead- 
ing to the great gravel walk in the centre of the back 
front of the house, which presents a view of the magnificent 
cedars forming the avenue leading to the Poet's corner ; 
a semicircular alcove so called, planted with evergreens ; 
under which stand upon pedestals three antique statues 
larger than life, which are said to represent Caesar, Pom- 
pey, and Cicero. They were brought by the earl of 
Burlington from Adrian's villa, near Rome, and they 
have excited, and have merited the admiration of all men 
of taste for the last hundred years ; but time and exposure 
to the weather will soon reduce their fragile remains to a 
confused and unshapen mass. 

Around this verdant alcove among other objects of 



430 HISTORY OF CHTSW1CK. 

vertu stand three antique busts upon terms thus 
inscribed:— HSI0A02— 0MHP02. — P. Virgilius. 
Near the preceding are placed on the turf, twelve 
antique stone seats, ornamented with drapery and festoons, 
each twenty -five inches wide, eighteen inches deep, and 
eighteen inches high, used by the Roman senators in the 
forum, they were brought from Rome by the earl of 
Burlington. These are doubtless the identical seats upon 
which the senators were reposing in majestic gravity and 
awful silence, when Brennus entered Rome ; their vene- 
rable appearance at first induced the barbarians to consider 
them as beings of a superior order, and they were ready 
to offer them adoration ; but one more forward than the 
rest put forth his hand to stroke the beard of Papirius, 
who lifting up his ivory wand struck the savage to the 
ground. Placed on low pedestals are two lions couchant. 
A satyr with a fawn thrown across his shoulders, by Schee- 
maker. 

The mount and ten ace at the southern end of the canal 
were made with the ground dug from the bed of the canal, 
by order of lord Burlington; adjoining is an elevated 
terrace and mount, commanding pleasing and extensive 
views of the house and gardens, and of the villages of 
Roehampton, Barnes, and Mortlake ; and at high water 
the river Thames with its boats, barges, and steamers ; in 
the distance may be seen the pagoda in Kew gardens. 



The roving sight 



Pursues its pleasing course o'er neighbouring hills, 
Of many different form and different hue ; 
Bright with ripe corn, or green with grass, or dark 
With clover's purple bloom. 

Scott's Am well. 

The Conservatory is considered to be an original and 
successful instance of the combination of architectural 
forms and effect, with the peculiar requirements of a 
building for such purposes. 

It extends in length three hundred and ten feet, and 
twenty-one feet wide, and consists of a principal apart- 
ment in the centre, surmounted by a graceful cupola, 



CHISWICK HOVSE. 



431 



upwards of twenty feet in height ; from this extend two 
wings terminating in ornamental pavilions. The whole 
building is heated bv fire flues. 

Here may be seen numerous and fine specimens of 
orchidaceous plants, Camillias, Rhododendrons, Azalias, 
Oranges, Banksias, Ericas ; but to attempt any description 
of the plants is out of the question, where the number is 
so great. 

The Rosery is a circular plot of ground laid out in com- 
partments, and surrounded by vases, charged with mytho- 
logical subjects, executed in a capital style. In the centre 
is a column surmounted with a statue of the Venus de 
Medicis. The entablature is antique, and appears to have 
formed originally a part of the interior of a building. 

The Canal. — On the left hand an easy slope leads' down 
to the Serpentine Canal, which extends the whole length 
of the pleasure grounds and park. A daily supply of fresh 
water is obtained from the Thames, by a cutting recently 
formed for that purpose. The landscape which starts upon 
the view on approaching the water, is exceedingly cheer- 
ful and romantic, but not extensive ; some weeping willow 
trees adorn the sides near the Palladian bridge. Boats 
and watermen are kept on the canal for the use of the 
company, when parties of pleasure are given by his Grace 
the Duke of Devonshire. 




432 HISTORY OF CHISWIOK. 

The Temple. — This building, situated on the right 
bank of the canal, fronts the east, and is circular, with a 
portico consisting of four columns of the Ionic order, and 
seems properly placed here as an appropriate ornament 
to embellish the vista, and it forms a striking object in 
unison with the beauty of the surrounding scenery. 

Lo ! numerous domes a Burlington confess : 
For kings and senates fit, the palace see ! 
The temple breathing a religious awe, 
Even fram'd with elegance the plain retreat: 
The private dwelling. Certain in his aim, 
Taste never idly working, saves expense. 

Thomson's Liberty, p. v. 691. 

Near this is a water basin, with an obelisk in the middle 
in the form of Cleopatra's needle. Here the grounds are 
formed into a series of footsteps resembling a Roman 
amphitheatre, at the bottom of each circular gradation are 
placed Cyprus and Bay trees ; this was a favourite spot of 
the late duchess of Devonshire, who took great delight in 
forming and improving its various beauties, surrounded 
daily by her numerous admiring friends, and congenial 
spirits. 

The Duchess of Devonshire possessed a highly cultivated 
taste for poetry and the fine arts, and distinguished herself 
very early as a warm admirer, as well as a liberal encourager 
of those who had adorned and cultivated them ; and her 
Grace is allowed to have been one of the most accomplished 
ladies of the age, Of all the characters of antiquity she 
appears most to have resembled Cornelia, daughter of 
Metellus Scipio, and wife of Pompey. " This female," 
says Plutarch, "possessed many charms besides her beauty; 
she was well versed in polite literature, played upon the 
lyre, and had made considerable progress in the study of 
philosophy. What is still more wonderful, she exhibited 
none of that petulance and affectation which such studies 
are apt to produce in women of her age." In the cause 
of our great English orator, Mr. Fox, the duchess is said 
to have interested herself frequently and essentially. 
In addition to this, that celebrated statesman reaped 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 483 

considerable benefit from her daily conversation, in imita- 
tion of Cicero, who in order to qualify himself for the forum 
spent the intervals of his leisure in the company of the 
most accomplished Roman ladies, with Laelia, Mucia, the 
two Licinise, one of them the wife of L. Scipio, the other 
of the younger Marius.* Of authors most celebrated 
among us for polite composition, there are many who have 
made honourable mention of the admirable attainments of 
this illustrious and amiable lady. Messrs. Hayley, She- 
ridan, Pratt, Tickle, the two Colmans, Mr. Fox, Lord 
Carlisle, and almost every other name dear to the muses 
of this country, have in various forms of tribute offered 
incense at her shrine. Above all, she had the superior 
merit of never having failed to advocate the cause of 
misfortune. 

When we therefore call to mind the accomplishments of 
this exalted personage, it causes a feeling of regret to 
consider that no statue has been erected to her memory 
on the spot which was the theatre of her talents and 
virtues ; for surely the hand of a Chantry or a Bailey, 
might be well employed upon such a grateful demonstra- 
tion ; but for which we have hitherto looked in vain! 

Out side the north-east front, exposed to the weather, 
but within recesses, are placed two fine antique busts of the 
Roman emperors Augustus and Vespasian, larger than 
life, which are decidedly a' long the finest specimens of all 
these collections, and strike the spectator with surprise and 
admiration. 

The statuary marble of the ancients was principally 
Parian marble, which is one of the least destructible mate- 
rials ; of this we have proof in those precious statues, which 
are the eternal monuments of the genius of the artists of 
ancient Greece and Rome. They have supported the 
injuries of twenty centuries, while the scythe of time has 
been made harmless by the brilliant polish of their surface. 
The excellence of this marble lies in the fineness of its 

* Legimus epistolas Cornelise, matris Gracckorum — auditus est nobis Lseliae, 
Caii filioe, ssepe sernio: ergo illam patris elegantia tinctam vidimus ; et Alius 
ejus Mucius arnbas, quorum sermo rnibi fuit uotus — Cic. in Brut. 58, 

2 F 



434 HISTORY OF CHISAVICK. 

grain ; or rather it may be said to be without any grain. It 
has two other qualities which distinguish it ; the one is, 
its softness, so that it can be worked almost as easily as 
wax ; hence hair, feathers, and such things can be formed 
of it with strength and delicacy. Its other quality is, 
that in colour it approaches to that of human flesh, while 
all other marbles have either a dazzling whiteness, or a 
cloudy darkness.* 

Inigo Jones's Gateway was originally erected at 
Chelsea, by that celebrated architect, on the premises 
which had formerly belonged to Sir Thomas More, but 
which were afterwards occupied by Lionel Cranfield, Earl 
of Middlesex, and by Henry, second Duke of Beaufort. 

After having stood empty for several years, Beaufort 
House was purchased by Sir Hans Sloane, in the year 
1736, and was pulled down in 1740. This gate, which 
was built by Inigo Jones, was given by Sir Hans Sloane 
to the Earl of Burlington, it consists of a portico, sup- 
ported by two columns of the Doric order on one side, 
and pilasters on the other ; on two stone tablets on either 
side are inscribed — Builded by Inigo Jones, at Chelsea, 
m.dc.xxi. Given by Sir Hans Sloane, Baronet, to the 
Earl of Burlington, m.dcc.xxxvii. The removal of this 
gateway occasioned the following lines by Pope : — 

PASSENGER. 

Oil, gate, how cam'st thou here ? 



I was brought from Chelsea last year, 
Batter d with wind and weather ; 
Inigo Jones put me together. 

Sir Hans Sloane 

Let me alone, 
Burlington brought me hither. 

A lady soon after, seeing a gate carried by two men, 
made these lines extempore, in allusion to the former : — 



O, gate, where art thou goiug! 
But it was not so knowing 



Winkelman, Hist, de l'Art, torn. ii. p, 61. 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 435 

As yonder gate, 

That talk'd of late ; 
So on it went without reply, 
At least I heard it not — not I.* 

The Wilderness is planted with forest trees, and inter- 
sected with gravel walks. The adjoining park gives food 
to horses, cows, sheep, and that very rare animal the 
Neapolitan pig, which is here in line condition, though 
very seldom seen in this country. 

The Fruit Garden claimed the notice of the descriptive 
poet a century ago : — 

While you, my Lord, bid stately piles ascend, 
Or in your Chiswick bow'rs enjoy your friend ; 
Where Pope unloads the boughs within his reach, 
The purple vine, blue plum, and blushing peach. + 

In the fruit garden the range of hot-houses exceeds 
three hundred feet : they are appropriated to pines and 
early forcing. 

The pits are on an excellent plan, being covered with 
wooden shutters, a mode of protection from cold and rain 
superior to any other for frames, and even green-houses. 

Napoleon's Walk. This walk extends in length two 
hundred and forty yards, is thirteen feet wide, and bordered 
by yew hedges fifteen feet high • at the northern extremity 
is an alcove, in the centre of which is placed, on a pedestal, 
a capital bust of Napoleon, in marble. u Is there under 
heaven a more glorious and refreshing object of the kind," 
asks the amiable naturalist, " than an impregnable hedge 
of about four hundred feet in length, nine feet high, and 
five in diameter, which I can shew in my ruined garden 
at Saye's Court (thanks to the Czar of Muscovy), at any 
time of the year, glittering with its armed and varnished 
leaves; the latter with standards at orderly distances, 
blushing with their natural coral ? It mocks the rudest 
assaults of the weather, beasts, or hedge-breakers — Et 
ilium nemo impune lacessit."+ 

* Faulkner's Hist, of Chelsea, vol. i. p. 135. 

t Gay's Poems, v. ii. p. 12. Epistle to the Right Hon. the Earl of Bur 
Jington. London, 1745. 

I Evelyn's Sylva, Hunter's edition, vol. i. p. 265. 

2 f2 



436 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Many of the statues and busts placed in various parts of 
these gardens are antique ; and the visitor will scarcely 
avoid expressing his surprise at seeing them exposed in 
the open air to the vicissitudes of an island climate 

In the year 1828, the Duke of Devonshire obtained an 
act of parliament, enabling him to form a new road at a 
further distance from the house than the ancient thorough- 
fare ; a circumstance of alteration which does not cause 
any inconvenience to the passenger, while it bestows a 
desirable air of retirement on the premises. 

The entrance to the mansion from Turnham Green is 
through an ornamented iron gate, painted white and gilt, 
the centre of which is surmounted by the Devonshire 
arms. This gate formerly stood in the front of Heathneld 
House, at Turnham Green. 

Whether this delightful place be considered as a garden 
or as a park, its beauties every way correspond; the 
elegance of its buildings throw a graceful lustre upon the 
whole, nor is it loaded with superfluity, and it may justly 
claim a comparison with the most celebrated seats in this 
country. 

In the year 1814, the emperor Alexander of Russia, 
the King of Prussia, Marshal Blucher, Count PlatofF, and 
many illustrious persons in attendance on those monarchs, 
were entertained by the Duke of Devonshire, at Chiswick 
House. 

In the year 184£, in the month of June, Her Majesty 
and His Royal Highness Prince Albert honoured His 
Grace the Duke of Devonshire with a visit. 

On Saturday, June 8th, 1844, this villa was the scene 
of one of the most splendid fetes ever given in this country. 
It was honoured by the presence of the Emperor of Russia, 
the King of Saxony, His Royal Highness Prince Albert, 
the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, the Duchess of 
Gloucester, and about seven hundred members of the prin- 
cipal noble families of the kingdom. 

The whole suite of apartments on the ground floor were 
fitted up as a series of grand saloons, opening on to the 
lawn. 



CHISWICK HOUSE. 437 

These apartments, uniformly decorated, were devoted 
to the general company, while two additional rooms were 
prepared for the accommodation of the Emperor and the 
other illustrious visitors. The apartment where the royal 
personages breakfasted was fitted up as a gorgeous tent. 
The gardens were in the most perfect order, and presented 
a beautiful appearance. 

The two splendid bands of the coldstream guards and of 
the royal horse guards (blue), were stationed upon the 
lawn, and performed a series of the most popular airs 
during the day. At five minutes to two the august visitors 
and their respective suites arrived in Her Majesty's car- 
riages. Upon the royal cavalcade entering the grounds, 
the imperial standard was hoisted on the summit of the 
mansion, the royal standard of Great Britain floating at the 
same time over the arcade. The general company were 
received by the Duke of Devonshire beneath the grand 
portico. The imperial and royal visitors were handed by 
the duke from their carriages, and led by his grace to the 
portico, where they were first introduced to Lord Morpeth 
and other family connexions of the house of Cavendish. 
On alighting, the Emperor most cordially extended his 
right hand to the Duke of Devonshire ; the Emperor and 
the noble Duke then exchanged embraces, and saluted 
each other in the Russian fashion. 

The royal visitors were conducted by the noble host to 
the saloon, here the Emperor held a sort of drawing room, 
at which most of the company were present. The summer 
parlour had been fitted up in the style of a royal military 
pavilion of the fourteenth century. On a white ground, 
striped red and blue, the arms of the Emperor and our 
Queen, with the badges of the House of Cavendish were 
splendidly emblazoned and variously displayed. 

In the centre of the Saloon covers were laid for sixteen 
persons; the repast being properly a dejeuner, silver plate 
was only used; the larger and more richly chased 
standard pieces being filled with clusters of fruit. At the 
head of the table sat Prince Albert and the Duchess of 
Buccleuch, on the right the Duchess of Sutherland, the 



438 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

Emperor of Russia, the Duchess of Cambridge, the Duke 
of Devonshire, the King of Saxony, and the Duke of 
Cambridge. At the bottom of the table sat the Duke of 
Wellington, and the Duke of Buccleuch. On the left, 
Count Minkowitz, the Count St. Aulaire, the Princess 
Radzinski, and Baroness Brunow. 

At the conclusion of the repast, the royal party retired 
to the lawn at the back of the villa. 

In about half an hour, the Emperor taking the Duchesses 
of Cambridge and Sutherland, and accompanied by the noble 
host, promenaded the lawns, and proceeded to the magnifi- 
cent cedar walk, where, beneath one of the slpendid trees 
a sort of court was held by the Emperor, surrounded by 
those only inferior to himself in rank, by whom the rest 
of the company, from the highest to the most humble 
were successively presented to his Majesty. There was 
an easy freedom in the Emperor's manner, which had the 
effect of entirely removing any degree of restraint that 
might otherwise have been felt by many persons. 

Shortly before four o'clock the royal party retired into 
the villa, after which the illustrious visitors, having first 
taken leave of the general company, took their departure. 

The noble duke accompanied his illustrious guests to 
the grand entrance, where, upon entering the royal car- 
riage, the Emperor in feeling terms expressed the high 
gratification he had derived from the opportunity afforded 
to him by Ids Grace of meeting so large a number of the 
English aristocracy. 

The King of Saxony, and his Royal Highness Prince 
Albert, also complimented his Grace on the splendour of 
the entertainment lie had afforded, and the whole of the 
illustrious personages having taken leave of his Grace, the 
royal cortege drove rapidly off in the direction of town, 
under a royal salute, the joint bands again playing the 
Russian national hymn as the Emperor passed, and the 
Russian flag being lowered. 



»d6boO)dGW)dCt<^£$@\ 




WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 

Sergeant Painter to the King, by appointment, 1757. 



e 



^^pjQQ jo^pfor)TOC'f(X))9Cfc^ PC''i^^sgq y)W(?(TO) 



WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 439 



CHAPTER V. 

Hogarth -House — William Hogarth, Esq. — Holland the Actor — M. de Louther- 
bourgh — Arthur Murphy, Esq. — Mawson Row — Bishop Mawson — Chis- 
wick Chapel — British Schools — High House, Chiswick Mall — Count of 
Nassau — Mr. William Sharp — Mr. Henry Neele — Mr. Charles Whittingham- 

Hogarth. — This great and original genius was des- 
cended from a family settled in Westmoreland. His grand- 
father, a plain yeoman, had three sons, the youngest of 
whom went, at an early age, to London, and was the father 
of the celebrated "William Hogarth, who was born in 
1698.* 

The memoirs of celebrated artists, as well as those of 
eminent poets, are equally interesting to those who admire 
their genius, as to those who design to tread in their foot- 
steps. Every one feels a curiosity to learn by what accident 
they were guided in their choice of profession, and by 
what studies and means they reached that high degree of 
perfection, which procures for them the suffrages of their 
own age, and the admiration of posterity. Their reflec- 
tions on the art or the sciences which they profess are 
precepts that their followers collect, and by which they 
are frequently enabled to shorten the path that leads to 
celebrity. 

Though the father was a man of some learning himself, 
he does not seem to have been anxious to give his son the 
same qualification. His outset in life was not the most 
promising. He was bound apprentice to a silversmith, 
to learn the single branch of engraving arms and cyphers 
on metal ; but before his time was expired he felt that the 
impulse of his genius directed him to painting. 

His apprenticeship had no sooner expired, than he 

* See Life of Hogarth, by Nichols, Walpole's Anecdotes of Painters, vol. iv. 



440 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

entered into the academy in St. Martin's Lane, and studied 
drawing from the life, in which, as Walpole observes, 
" he never attained to great excellence. It was character — 
the passions — the soul, that his genius was given him to 
copy. In colouring he proved no greater master; his 
force lay in expression, not in tints and chiaro oscuro." 

At this period of life Hogarth was doomed to experience 
the distresses which never fail to result from the union of 
indigence and ambition. While he was laying the foun- 
dation of his future celebrity, he was exposed to all the 
contempt that penury can produce. But unlike many who 
are desirous of burying in oblivion the scantiness of their 
early fortunes, Hogarth was always fond of contrasting 
the necessities of his youth with the affluence of his maturer 
age. " I remember the time," he would say, " when I 
have gone moping into the city, without a shilling in my 
pocket, but as soon as I had received there ten guineas for 
a plate, I have returned home, put on my sword, and 
sallied out again with all the confidence of a man who 
had ten thousand pounds in his pocket." Hogarth began 
business on his own account about 1720. His first employ- 
ment appears to have been the engraving of arms of shop 
bills. He next agreed to design and furnish plates for 
booksellers ; but except a set of plates, executed in 1726, 
for a duodecimo edition of Hudibras, none of his early 
productions could claim the least notice. On the success 
of those plates, however, Hogarth commenced painter, 
and a painter of portraits, the most ill-suited for a man 
whose turn was certainly not flattery, and whose talents 
were not adapted to look on vanity without a sneer. Yet 
his facility in, and the method he chose of painting families 
and conversation pieces in small, then a novelty, drew to 
him a prodigious business for some time. Hogarth's port- 
raits are indeed well painted ; there is a liveliness of coun- 
tenance, and an animation of expression peculiar to them. 

" Never did I derive," says Mr. Hartley Coleridge, in 
one of his charming essays, " never did I derive from 
Hogarth's paintings any unfriendly feeling towards my 
kind — never did thev shake my faith in the true nobility 



WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 441 

of man's nature, which is enobled, not by what it is, but 
by what it should be. So far from it, I affirm that they 
bear irrefragable testimony to a principle, a moral law in 
man, that is above the understanding ; not begotten upon 
sense, nor constructed by custom, self-love, or animal 
sensibility, but implanted by the Divinity as the key and 
counterpart to the law from on high." 

In 1730, Hogarth formed a matrimonial union with the 
daughter of Sir James Thornhill, himself an artist of 
considerable eminence.* This union was a stolen one, 
and consequently without the approbation of the father ; 
who, considering the youth of his child, then barely eigh- 
teen, and the slender finances of her husband, who had 
not emerged from obscurity, was not easily reconciled to 
the match. 

Our artist about this time began his series of prints 
entitled, the " Harlot's Progress," and was advised by 
Lady Thornhill to have some of the scenes in it placed in 
the way of his father-in-law. Accordingly Mrs. Hogarth 
undertook one morning to convey some of them into his 
dining room. On his rising he enquired from whence 
they came, and being told by whom they were introduced, 
he observed, " Very well, the man who can furnish repre- 
sentations like these, can also maintain a wife without a 
portion." This remark was designed as an excuse for 
keeping his own purse strings close, but it was not long- 
before he became reconciled and generous to the young 
couple. Another still more beneficial effect of this exercise 
of his talents, was, that it introduced him to the notice of 
the public, and laid a solid foundation for his future fame. 

Soon after his marriage, Hogarth had summer lodgings 
at South Lambeth, and being intimate with Mr. Tyers, 
the proprietor of Vauxhall Gardens, he contributed to the 
improvement of that agreeable place, by the hint of embel- 
lishing it with paintings, some of which were sketched by 
his own truly comic pencil. A gold ticket of admission 

* Extract from the Parish Register of Paddington. 

" William Hogarth, Esq. and Jane Tkornlrill, of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, 
married Mar. 23, 1729." — Ly sons' Environs, vol. ii. p. 604. 



44£ HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

for himself and his friends, bespoke the gratitude of the 
proprietor for his assistance.* 

The Harlot's Progress was succeeded by the Rake's 
Progress and other performances of a like description, 
which must be too well known to render any character of 
them necessary in this place. These were sold by him at 
his house in Leicester-fields, where wealth and reputation 
rewarded his exertions. Soon after the conclusion of the 
peace of Aix la Chapelle, Hogarth availed himself of that 
opportunity to visit France. In that country he manifested 
a narrowness of sentiment which frequently adheres to 
persons whose prejudices have not been removed by 
education or travel. He was dissatisfied with every thing 
he saw. If an elegant circumstance either in the furniture 

* Thus runs the anecdote, as related to me by Mrs. Lewis : — " On passing 
the tavern one morning, which was then kept by Jonathan Tyers, and open, 
together with the gardens, as a place of recreation daily, Hogarth saw Tyers, 
and observing thai he looked particularly melancholy said, " How now, master 
Tyers, why so sad this morning ?" " Sad times, master Hogarth, and my 
reflections were on a subject not likely to brighten a man's countenance," said 
Tyers, " I was thinking, do you know, which would be likely to prove the 
easiest death — hanging or drowning." " Oh!" said Hogarth, " is it come to 
that," " very nearly, I assure you," said Tyers ; " then," replied Hogarth, 
** the remedy you think of applying is not calculated to mend the matter — 
don't hang 01 drown to day. I have a thought that may save the necessity of 
either, and will communicate it to you to-morrow morning : call at my house 
in Leicester Fields." The interview took place, and the result was, the con- 
cocting and getting up the first " Ridotto al Fresco," under which denomination 
it was announced, aod being then a novelty in England, proved a very successful 
hit ; and from that time must be dated the commencement of that delightful 
and justly celebrated place of public amusement. Hogarth was then in pros- 
perity, and assisted Tyers, more essentially than by the few pieces he paiuted 
for the decorations ; and Mr. Tyers presented him with the gold medal in 
question, as a ticket of admission for his family and friends. On the death of 
Mrs. Lewis, this medal became the property of my uncle-in-law, P. F. Hart, 
Esq. of the Hayniarket, chief clerk of the duchy of Cornwall office, and second 
clerk of the kitchen to George the Third. On the death of tliis gentleman, 
the ticket, then current at the gardens for a limited number (six persons) on 
each night of performance, became, by his will, the property of Captain Tuck, 
of Lambeth, who, after the death of Mrs. Lewis, had taken some trouble, and 
introduced the medal, which had been dormant for some years, to Mr. Barrat, 
the then proprietor, who politely observed, that the medal was an honour to 
the establishment, and should be admitted as above stated, six persons, or as 
he termed it, " one coach." The gallant captain has since gone to bis ancestors, 
and where the medal is now I know not." — J. Phillips. 



WILLIAM H0GA11TH, ESQ. 443 

or the ornaments of a room was pointed out as deserving 
approbation, his constant reply was, What then ? But it is 
French ! In the streets he was often rudely clamorous. 
A tattered bag, or a pair of silk stockings, with holes in 
them, drew from him a torrent of imprudent language. 
This unseasonable pleasantry was completely extinguished 
by an unexpected event. Hogarth was taking a sketch of 
the gate of Calais, when he was seized and carried as a 
spy before the governor of the town. After a vigorous 
examination the innocence of his designs was rendered 
perfectly apparent by the other sketches that he had about 
him, and which were by no means such as could serve the 
purpose of an engineer. He was nevertheless told by 
the commandant, that had not the peace been actually 
signed, he should have been obliged to hang him up imme- 
diately upon the ramparts. Two guards were then pro- 
vided to convey him on ship board, nor did they quit him 
till he was three miles from the shore. Hogarth was far 
from being pleased with the slightest allusion to this 
affair ; but the leading circumstances of it, his own pencil 
has recorded in his picture entitled, f ' the Roast Beef 
of Old England." 

In 1753, our artist appeared to the world in the cha- 
racter of an author, and published a quarto volume, under 
the title of " the Analysis of Beauty," in the composition 
of which he was assisted by Dr. Hoadly, Mr. lvalph, and 
Dr. Morrel. 

In this celebrated work the author has shewn such a 
superiority as could scarcely fail of creating many enemies, 
for those who admit his analysis to be just, are disposed 
to deny that it is new. In the year 1745, having drawn 
a serpentine line on a painter's pallet, with these words 
under it, " the line of beauty" as a frontispiece to his 
prints, no Egyptian hieroglyphic ever produced greater 
variety of speculation : both painters and sculptors then 
came to enquire the meaning of a symbol which they soon 
pretended to have been their old acquaintance, though the 
account they could give of its properties was scarcely as 
satisfactory as that of a day labourer, who constantly uses 



444 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



the lever, could give of that instrument as a mechanical 
power. There is no question, however, that the name of the 
author will descend to posterity with that honour which 
competitors only can wish to withhold. 

With respect to flattery, no one could be more open to its 
illusions than Hogarth. The following anecdote will evince 
how much easier it is to detect ill-placed or hyberbolic 
adulation when applied to others, than to ourselves. Being 
at dinner with the celebrated Cheselden, at his apartments 
in Chelsea College, he was informed that Mr. Freke, sur- 
geon of St. Bartholomew's hospital, asserted that Greene 
was as eminent in musical composition as Handel. That 
fellow Freke" exclaimed Hogarth " is always shooting his 
bolt absurdly in one way or the other, " Handel is a giant 
in music, Greene only a light florimel kind of composer." 
" Ah !" rejoined the artist's informant, " but at the same 
time Mr. Freke declared that you were as good a portrait 
painter as Vandyke." " There he was in the right" 
replied Hogarth, " and so indeed I am, give me my time, 
and let me choose my subject." With Dr. Hoadly, 
bishop of Winchester, Hogarth was always on terms of the 
strictest friendship, and frequently visited him at his 
various residences in Hampshire, and at Chelsea.* The 
doctor's fondness for theatrical exhibitions was so great, 
that few visitors could remain long in his house, before 
they were solicited to accept a part in some interlude or 
other. 

* Upon pulling down the palace at Chelsea, a singular discovery was made. 
In a small room near the north front were found on the plaster of the walls, 
nine figures as large as life, viz. three men and six women, drawn in outline 
with black chalk, in a bold and animated style. Of these correct copies 
have been published. Concerning these spirited sketches, conjecture has been 
busy, and various are the opinions hazarded on the subject; but both the time 
when they were drawn, as well as the transactions to wbich they allude, must 
ever remain enveloped in obscurity and doubt. They display much of the 
manner of Hogarth, who, it is well known, lived on intimate terms with Bishop 
Hoadly, and frequently visited his lordship at this palace, and it is supposed 
that these figures apply to some domestic incident in the bishop's family, or to 
some scene in a play. His lordship's partiality for the drama is well known. 
His brother who resided also in Chelsea, at Cremorne-house, wrote one of the 
best Comedies intheEnglishlanguago. — Faulkner's Hist, of Chekca,\ol.i.]i.295. 



WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 445 

Our artist was one of the most absent of men. At table 
he would turn round his chair, as if he had finished eating, 
and as suddenly return it and fall to his meal again. He 
once directed a letter to Dr. Hoadley, thus — " To the 
doctor at Chelsea." This epistle fortunately did not mis- 
carry, and it was preserved by the bishop as a pleasant 
memorial of his friend's extraordinary inattention. Ano- 
ther no less remarkable instance of Hogarth's absence, is 
on record. Soon after he set up his carriage, he had occa- 
sion to pay a visit to the Lord Mayor. When he went the 
weather was fine, but he was detained by business, till a 
violent shower of rain came on. Being let out of the 
Mansion-house by a different door from that at which he 
entered, and seeing the rain, he immediatly began to call 
for a hackney coach : not one could be procured at any of 
the neighbouring stands, on which he sallied out to brave 
the storm, and actually reached his house in Leicester- 
fields without bestowing a thought on his own carriage, 
till Mrs. Hogarth, astonished to see him wet and bemired, 
asked him where he had left it. 

Hogarth used to boast that he could take a likeness in 
three minutes ; but the most extraordinary effort of his 
genius in this line was, perhaps, his drawing of Henry 
Fielding, made with a pen some time after the death of that 
celebrated writer. He often promised to sit to his friend 
Hogarth, for whose good qualities and superior genius he 
always entertained so high an esteem, that he has left in 
his works many beautiful memorials of his affection. It 
so happened, however, that no picture of Fielding was 
ever drawn ; but yet, as if it was intended that some traces 
of his countenance should be perpetuated, and that too by 
the very artist whom he himself preferred to all others, 
after Hogarth had long tried to produce a likeness of him 
from memory, and just as he was despairing of success for 
want of some rules to go by in the dimensions and outlines 
of the face, chance threw the grand desideratum in the 
way. A lady, with a pair of scizzars had -cut a profile 
which gave the distances and proportions of his face suffi- 
ciently to restore his lost ideas of him. Delighted with 



446 HISTORY OF CHISWTCK. 

an opportunity of paying his last tribute to the memory of 
an author whom he admired, Hogarth caught at this out- 
line with pleasure, and worked with all the attachment of 
friendship till he finished the drawing, placed at the head 
of Fielding's works, and which, was acknowledged by all 
who had ever seen the original, to present a corresponding 
image of the man. 

The last memorable event in the life of our artist was 
his quarrel with Wilkes. Though Hogarth, did not com- 
mence hostilities on that gentleman, he, at least, gave the 
first offence, by an attack on his party and friends. This 
conduct was the more surprising, as he had all his life 
avoided dipping his pencil in political conl ests ; and had 
early refused a very lucrative offer that was made to engage 
him in a set of prints against the head of a court party. 
It has, however, been surmised, that his conduct on this 
occasion was guided by the expectation of obtaining an 
addition to his salary as sergeant-painter.* Be this as it 
may, in September, 1702, Hoga,rth published his print of 
" The Times," which satirized Lord Temple and Mr. Pitt, 
afterwards Earl of Chatham. This called forth the pen of 
"Wilkes, who, in the next number of the North Britain, 
in vindicating Ms friends, made a direct attack upon the 
king's sergeant-painter. Wilkes, Churchill, and Hogarth, 
had been intimate friends, and such they might have con- 
tinued, had not the demon of politics and party, sown 
discord among them, and dissolved their union. No 
enemies are so inveterate as those who have once been 
united in the bonds of friendship. So it proved in this 
case ; the breach once made, daily grew wider and wider. 
Churchill then 'engaged in the war, published an epistle 
to Hogarth, in which the severest strokes fell on a defect 
which the painter had neither caused nor could amend — 
his age, though it was neither remarkable nor decrepid. 
In revenge for this epistle, Hogarth caricatured Churchill 
under the form of a canonical bear, with a club and a pot 

* I have the writ of Privy Seal, confirming this appointment, it is dated 
June 1757, in the thirtieth year of the reign of George the Second, and the 
salary is fixed at ten pounds per annum. — J. Phillips. 



WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 447 

of porter. " Never/' says Horace Walpole, " did two 
angry men of their abilities throw mud with less dexterity !" 

At the time these hostilities were carrying on in a 
manner so virulent and so disgraceful to all the parties, the 
health of Hogarth was visibly declining. In 1762 he 
complained of an inward pain, which brought on a general 
decay, that proved incurable. The last year of his life he 
employed in retouching his plates, with the assistance of 
several engravers, whom he took with him to his house at 
Chiswick, where he for many years resided during the 
summer. 

In 1764, a few months before he was seized with the 
malady which was the immediate cause of his death, he 
proposed to his matchless pencil the work he has entitled 
" Finis ; or, the Tail-piece" the first idea of which is said 
to have been started in company, while the convivial glass 
was circulating round his own table. (i My next under- 
taking," said Hogarth, i: shall be the end of all things." 
" If that is the case/' replied one of his friends, es your 
business will be finished, for there will be an end of the 
painter." " There will be so," answered Hogarth, with 
a deep sigh ; " and therefore the sooner my work is 
done the better." He accordingly began the next day, and 
prosecuted his design with a diligence which seemed to 
indicate an apprehension that he should not live till he 
had completed it. This, however, he did with the utmost 
ingenuity, grasping every object which could denote the 
end of all things — a broken bottle, an old broom worn 
to the stump, the but-end of an old musket, a cracked 
bell, a bow unstrung, a crown tumbled in pieces, towers 
in ruins, the sign-post of a tavern, called " The World's- 
end," tumbling, the moon in her wane, the map of the 
globe burning, a gibbet falling, the body gone, and the 
chain which held it dropping down, Phoebus and his horses 
dead in the clouds, a vessel wrecked, Time, with his hour 
glass and scythe broken, a tobacco-pipe in his mouth, the 
last whiff of smoke going out, a play-book opened, with 
exeunt omnes stamped at the corner, an empty purse, and 
a statute of bankruptcy taken out against nature. " So far 



448 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

so good/' exclaimed Hogarth ; " nothing remains but 
this/' taking his pencil in a sort of prophetic fury, and 
dashing off the similitude of the painter's palette broken, 
" Finis !" cried he, " the deed is done — all is over." It is 
remarkable that he died about a month after the completion 
of this tail-piece ; and it is also well known that he never 
afterwards took a pencil in hand. 

It is worth observing, that in " Independence"* a poem 
which was not published by Churchill till the last week 
in September, 1764, he considers his antagonist as a 
departed genius. 

Hogarth would draw liim (envy must allow,) 
E'en to the life, was Hogarth living now.t- 

The sporting satirist little imagined that the power of 
pleasing was so soon to cease in both. Hogarth died 
within four weeks after the publication of this poem, and 
Churchill survived him only nine days. 

On the 25th of October, 1764, our artist was conveyed 
from Chiswick to Leicester-fields in a very weak condition, 
but remarkably cheerful. On retiring to bed the same 
night he was suddenly taken ill, and expired in the space 
of two hours. 

It may be truly said, that with the death of Hogarth, 
almost all the old school of humourous designers disap- 
peared. He was the great luminary of this species of art, 
and ; when his light went out, all the lesser lights were 
extinguished. 

Hogarth was buried in a simple grave without parade 
or ostentation, by his widow. The tomb was subsequently 
erected over the spot, and the expence defrayed by a sub- 
scription among his friends, at the instance of Mr. Garrick. 

The tomb is still kept up by voluntary subscriptions of 
some of the worthy inhabitants of this parish, who take an 
interest in preserving this funereal memorial of the " great 
painter of mankind." 

* Churchill's Works, vol. ii. p. 237. Hague, 17C9. 
+ See his Epitaph, page 330, 337. 








IE@©.&M!?3E>© w: \m 



WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 449 

The following is a list of a few of Hogarth's original 
pictures which seem to have hitherto escaped the notice of 
connoisseurs and collectors. 

In the possession of the Rev. H. S. Trimmer : — 

A very fine Portrait of a Child, rather smaller than life. 

Town and Country Amusement, in three pictures, 
(Companions.) 

1. Ballad Singers in the Street before Old Lud-Gate. 

2. Citizens of London regaling at Blackwall, and feast- 
ing on Whitebait, and represented as Monkeys. 

8. A Rustic Dance and Merrymaking. 

4. A Winter Scene in London, with Boys playing at 
Battledore and Shuttlecock, &c. 

5. An unfinished picture of a Brewer's Man brought 
before a Magistrate. 

In the possession of Mr. Phillips, a descendant of Mrs. 
Hogarth, of the family of the Thornhills. 

6. A Portrait of Mrs. Hogarth. 

7. A Portrait of Mrs. Lewis who lived many years in 
the family. She resided latterly in the Butts, at Brentford, 
and at her death bequeathed a large and fine collection of 
Hogarth's prints to Colonel Clitherow, of Boston house. 

8. A picture by Hogarth, at Lord Ilchester's in London, 
contains portraits of Charles the Second, Duke of Marl- 
borough, Stephen, first Earl of Ilchester, Lord Harvey, 
(Vice Chamberlain,) afterwards Earl of Bristol, Mr. Henry 
Fox, of the Board of Works, Sir T. Wilmington, and a 
Mons. Villemaine who is standing on a chair and being 
tipped into the water by Lord Ilchester. It is a highly 
finished picture, and in Hogarth's best stile. 

9. In the possession of Mr. Welsted, a fine portrait of 
Mrs. W^elsted; it appears that Hogarth was on intimate 
terms with this family for many years. Mr. Welsted resides 
in Newman-street, and is lord of the prebendal manor of 
Chiswick. 

Hogarth's house stands in the lane leading from the 
town to the Horticultural Gardens ; the workshop still 
remains at the western end of the premises. Both of these 
buildings are correctly displayed in the annexed views. 

2g 



450 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

On the piers of the principal entrance is inscribed in 
capitals, — Hogarth's House. 

Mr. Holland, senior, resided at a house at the corner of 
Burlington-lane, where he carried on the business of a 
baker till his decease, which took place in the year 1764. 
His son Charles was bound apprentice to a turpentine 
merchant, but having a strong inclination to the stage,, and 
having met with much approbation for the display of his 
theatrical talents in some private circles, he applied to Gar- 
rick, who gave him good encouragement and good advice. 
By his persuasion he punctually fulfilled his engage- 
ment with his master ; at the expiration of which, finding 
his passion for the theatre not abated, he made his first 
appearance at Drury-lane (anno 1754) in the character of 
Oroonoko, under the auspices of the manager, to whom 
he was much attached, and who continued his friendship 
towards him till his death. 

Holland met with much applause, and continued to rise 
in reputation as an actor as he advanced in years. He had 
great requisites for a capital performer, a fine appearance, 
a strong melodious articulate voice, and a good under- 
standing ; in short, he was a favourite with the public, of 
which by industry and application he rendered himself 
worthy.* He distinguished himself principally in the 
characters of Richard III. Hamlet, Pierre, Timur, in 
Zingis, and Manley in the Plain Dealer. Holland intro- 
duced Powell to Garrick, and though Powell was his 
rival and superior, these actors were friends through 
life. 

His funeral which was attended by most of the per- 
formers belonging to the theatres, gave rise to the witticism 
of Foote,of his having been to Chiswick to see poor Holland 
pushed into the (alluding to his father's business) family 
oven.f 

Mr. De Loutherbourgh, who resided in Hammersmith 

* Gent. Mag. 1770. 

t See his Epitaph in the church, p. 317. His monument in the church- 
yard, p. 335. 



MR. DE LOUTHERBOURGH. 451 

Terrace, and was buried in Chiswick church-yard, was 
born at Strasbourgh, in 1740.* He was a pupil of Cassa- 
nova ; and very early distinguished himself as a painter 
of battles, huntings, and landscapes. He was admitted 
into the academy of painting, at Paris, about 1763, soon 
after which he came over to England, and Garrick, whose 
judgment was equal to his liberality, immediately engaged 
him as principal painter for his theatre, at a salary of 
five hundred pounds, a much larger sum than had been 
afforded to any of his predecessors. It is from this period 
we may date the superior decorations of dramatic exhibi- 
tions ; for before the arrival of this ingenious artist, not 
only little attention had been bestowed on the scenic 
department, but even the costume of the stage had been a 
matter of minor consideration. Indeed the anachronisms 
of dress, which were tolerated at the theatres eighty years 
ago, re-introduced in this more enlightened age, would, 
without the necessity of exaggeration, be viewed by the 
most illiterate among the play-goers as complete burlesque. 
It was left for De Loutherbourgh to urge, and finally 
complete, the desired reformation, for he was decidedly 
the prince of scene painters, and contributed largely to 
the improvement of the stage. f 

Mr. De Loutheibourgh was held in great esteem for 
the uniform propriety of his conduct, as well as his extra- 
ordinary abilities as an artist. He had been so long in 
this country that he might be almost considered as a native 
— he was so in his habits and principles. His excellence 
as a landscape painter deserves the highest panegyric. 
He was for many years a member of the royal academy.* 

Mawson How, situate in Chiswick Lane, near the 
water-side, takes its name from Mr. Mawson, of Chiswick, 
who, upwards of a century ago, orginally established the 
brewery, still carried on by Messrs. Fuller and Co. on the 
same spot. 

Dr. Mathias- Mawson, the son of the brewer, was edu- 

* Faulkner's Hist, of Hammersmith, p. S45. 
t Gent. Mag. J See his Epitaph, p. 334. 



452 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

catecl at St. Paul's school, from whence he removed to 
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he was admitted 
in 1701, and was, in 1724, elected to the mastership of his 
college. In 1734, Dr. Mawson refused the bishopric of 
Gloucester, but was prevailed upon by his friends to 
accept that of Llandaff, in 1738 ; and, about two years 
afterwards, he was translated to Chichester. He con- 
tinued to hold the mastership till 1744. In 1754, on the 
death of Sir Thomas Gooch, he was translated to the see 
of Ely. The sees of Ely and Chichester, as well as the 
college over which he presided, experienced in the most 
liberal manner the munificence of this worthy prelate. 
His lordship died at his house at the south-west corner of 
Kensington Square, in the month of November, 1770, 
aged 87 years.* 

Thus it appears that Chiswick, as well as the neigh- 
bouring parish of Hammersmith, has had the honour to 
present a member to the episcopal bench; the present 
Bishop of Lincoln is the son of the late Mr. Abraham 
Kaye, a linen draper, of Angel Row ; nor ought it to be 
forgotten that Cardinal Wolsey was the son of a butcher 
at Putney ; and Thomas, Earl of Essex, a man of great 
authority in the reign of Henry the Eighth, was the son 
of a blacksmith at Putney; and the late Dr. Moore, 
Archbishop of Canterbury, was the son of a butcher of 
Gloucester. So that in our happy country the most exalted 
stations may be attained by assiduity, diligence, integrity, 
and talent, f 

High-House, on the Mall. — This capital mansion, so 
called, is said to have been built by Sir Stephen Fox, 
which seems very probable, as the style of architecture is 
similar to that of the Manor Farm House, as well as to that 
of Chelsea Hospital. It was occupied in 1703 by the 
Count of Nassau, as we learn by the following original 
paper, entitled " The Countess of Nassau's Memorial," 
stating that, in the year 1703, the Count of Nassau took a 

* Faulkner's Hist, of Kensington, 8vo. p. 399. Lond. 1820. 
t Faulkner's Hist, of Hammersmith, p. 398. 



HIGH-HOUSE. 453 

house of Sir Stephen Fox, in which he lived with his 
countess for three years, and then decamped into Holland, 
leaving her behind to pay his debts, which amounted to 
upwards of three hundred pounds. In consequence of 
these untoward circumstances, the following statement was 
drawn up, to be presented to Count Nassau in Holland : — 

For the Hon ble - Col. Arch d - Roto, to be laid before 
Count Nassau. 

Cheeswick, March 23, 17G3. 

" The Count of Nassau did take a house of Sir Ste. Fox 
in Cheeswick where he placed his wife who liv'd in y e 
said house and parish for above three years and was fur- 
nished by sev 11 - of the neighbours w th provisions of butchers 
meat, bread, beer, poultry, fish, and food of all kinds which 
they gladly sold to her lady sp - upon the reputation that his 
excell ce - was a just paymaster, and when his countess re- 
mov'd thence, they thought it dishonour to Count Nassau 
to stop the goods (which) the house was well furnish*' wi th - 
and indeed Sir Ste. Fox did advise them not to put that 
dishonour on so great a person of the name of Nassau, and 
the more because his servants said that many more of 
those goods he had orders from the count to send over to 
him to Nimeguen w th - matter my said neighbours the 
inhabitants of Cheeswick often sollicite d Sir Ste. to represent 
to the count, whereupon he did write to his excellency 
but hath not had any answer. The debt is above 300/. 
but for that same well distributed it may give satisfaction 
to them. They have often applied to the countess whose 
answer is that she is not able to pay that debt because she 
is allowed but 300/. per ann. for her maintenance w cb - will 
but do it tho if his excell ce - cannot any way do it, it will be 
just enough that she that contracted the debt should pay 
it by degrees out of that allowance. Sir Ste. Fox himself 
hath above 201. oweing him for rent, but is more concerned 
for his poor neighbours than for that little debt."* 

* The Earl of Ilcliester's papers. 



454 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 




Chiswick Chapel is a neat building, situate not far 
from the river Thames, and by the side of a road, where 
nearly all the traffic of the village dock is carried orj ; it 
belongs to a body of Independent Dissenters, and was 
erected in 1841, upon the same site where a very unsightly 
and ruinous building stood, that had been used for a few 
years by the same denomination for the worship of God. 
The present building cost about £800, and will accom- 
modate o50 persons ; having a gallery that is free to the 
labouring class. Over the chapel is a large school room, 
in which 120 children are taught on the Sabbath day to 
read the word of God. It does not appear that dissent 
has hitherto much flourished in this village ; but it was to 
be supposed that out of a population of several thousand 
souls, many would be found who preferred that mode 
of worship, and such has proved to be the case, from 
the number of persons who resort to this chapel for 
instruction. 



British Schools. — This commodious building is erected 
on the western side of the footway, leading from Turnham- 
green to Chiswick Mall, opposite the new road to Oxford- 
street. The schools were erected by voluntary contribu- 
tions in the year 1836. The Lords of the Treasury 
liberally contributed £150. in aid of this object. Boys 
and Girls are admitted on applying at the School houses 



MR. WILLIAM SHARP. 455 

with one of their parents, and for the small charge of two- 
pence each per week, receive a liberal and scriptural 
education. The children are required to attend some 
place of religious worship on Sunday. 

The schools, which are vested in the hands of trustees, 
are supported by annual contributions, and are at all times 
open to the inspection of the public. An examination of 
the children annually takes place, on which occasion the 
committee and officers are chosen. There are now two 
hundred children in the institution. George Byng, Esq. 
M.P. is the President. 

Arthur Murphy, Esq. resided in the cottage now 
belonging to Mr. Ward, in Chiswick town. 

He wrote the epitaphs on Dr. Rose and John Ayton 
Thompson.* As an author he shone much in dramatic poetry, 
and it may be said of him, what can be said of few, who 
have written for the stage, that he has been equally suc- 
cessful in comedy and tragedy. 

He resided for many years in Hammersmith-terrace, 
but towards the latter part of his life in Brompton-row, 
where he died in 1805, aged 78, and was buried in Ham- 
mersmith Church, near his mother. f 

Mr. William Sharp,:}: one of the most celebrated 
engravers of the age, was born in January, 1749. His 
father, a gun maker of respectability, lived in Haydon- 
yard, Minories. He shewed an early predilection for 
drawing, and was apprenticed to Mr. Barak Longmate, a 
bright engraver, and celebrated for his knowledge of 
heraldry. § At the expiration of his services, it is said he 
continued to work in the shop of his master; when 
marrying, he commenced business for himself, and opened 
a shop as a writing engraver, in Bartholomew-lane, where 
he long resided, and had much encouragement. Mr. Sharp 
often said, even latterly, that his first essay in engraving 
was made upon a pewter pot. His friends would have 
qualified this assertion, by substituting a silver tankard, 

* See pages 333 and 337. t Faulkner's Hist, of Hammersmith, p. 130. 
t See Gent. Mag. vol. lxiii. p. 070. § lb. Nov. 1S-2L 



45() HISTORY OF CIIISWICK. 

but the artist loved truth, and insisted on the veracity of 
this humble commencement. It may, however, be added, 
that apprentices of all bright-engravers begin to acquire 
a feeling of their principal tool by the sculpture of pub- 
licans' names on their pewter pots. Hogarth, no doubt, 
had done the same before him. One of his first essays in 
the superior branch of art was, to make a drawing of the 
old lion Hector, who had been an inmate of the Tower for 
thirty years ; he engraved it on a small 4to. plate, and 
exposed the prints for sale in his window. 

Somewhere about 1782, it seems he disposed of his 
shop, commenced a higher department of art, and resided 
in a private house at Vauxhall, where he began to engrave 
from the superior paintings of the old masters. His merit 
began to display itself in the Novelist's Magazine, for 
which work, published by Harrison, in Paternoster-row, 
he executed some plates from the designs of Stothard. 
Messrs. Heath, Angus, and Collyer, also contributed their 
talents at the same period to the graphic illustration of this 
very interesting octavo work. To these volumes thus 
published may be traced the origin of those beautifully 
illustrated books brought out periodically, which have 
since raised the reputation of the British press. 

At Vauxhall was also completed West's Landing of 
Charles the Second, which Woollett at his death had left 
unfinished; two solemn dances by torch-light, and por- 
traits of Islanders of the Pacific Ocean, for Cook's Voy- 
ages ; and a most exquisite oval work, after Benwall, an 
artist who died young, of which the subject is the Children 
in the Wood. This is one of the most pleasing specimens 
of his skill. Sharp contributed one print to SouthicelFs 
folio Family Bible — " Moses striking the Rock." Among 
the finest of his works are " The Doctors of the Church 
disputing upon the Immaculateness of the Virgin, from 
the picture by Guido, which in drawing and fine execution 
is superior to the plate from the same picture by Che- 
valier Jacobus Freji. The plate from Mr. West's " King- 
Lear in the Storm," is also a masterly example of line 
ing, and worthy of any school. A proof of this 



MR. WILLIAM SHABP. 457 

plate has long produced ten guineas. No line-engraver 
has been more successful in copying the original feeling of 
Sir Joshua Reynolds. The magnificent print of " St. 
Cecilia," from Dominichino, is another example of his 
great and masterly hand. We know not where to point 
to a more bold and effective specimen of the calographic 
art. " The Witch of Endor," from the impressive picture 
by Mr. West, may be instanced as another splendid effort 
of his graving tool. " The Virgin and Child," after Carlo 
Dolce. " The Ecce Homo," after Guido. " The Sortie 
from Gibraltar," after Turnbull. " The Destruction of 
the Floating Battery at Gibraltar," after Copley. The 
portrait of Mr. John Hunter, the great anatomist, is per- 
haps, one of the finest prints in the world. So infected 
was he at one time, with the fury of political liberty, and 
so free in society generally in uttering his thoughts, that 
he was placed under arrest by the government, and was 
had up several times before the Privy Council to be 
examined, for the pru-pose of ascertaining whether or not, 
in his speeches or writings, he had committed himself so 
far as that he might, in common with Home Tooke and 
others, take his trial for high treason ; but he being a bold, 
handsome-looking, jocular man — one who looked as if he 
liked the good things of this world too well to become a 
conspirator, the Privy Council came to a conclusion that 
the altar and the throne had not much to fear from him ; 
and especially at one of the meetings, when Messrs. Pitt 
and Dundas were present, after he had been for a length 
of time plagued with questions, which Sharp said had little 
or nothing to do with the business, he deliberately pulled 
out of his pocket a prospectus for subscribing to his por- 
trait of General Kosciusko, after West, which he was then 
engraving, and first handing it to Messrs. Pitt and Dundas, 
he requested them to have the goodness to put down their 
names as subscribers, and then to give his prospectus to 
the other members of the Privy Council for their names. 
The singularity of such a proposal set them laughing, and 
he was soon afterwards liberated. 

Sharp died poor ; though he might easily have saved 



458 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



money, for he was one of the most industrious of men, 
and took great delight in his work, applying himself to it 
both early and late. He was an extraordinary compound 
of high professional talent, good moral intention, and egre- 
gious credulity ; the latter will sufficiently account for the 
dispersion of his gains. — He has unfortunately taken pains 
to perpetuate his belief in the divine mission of Brothers, 
by the following inscription under his portrait : " Fully 
believing this to be the man appointed by God, I engrave 
his likeness. W. Sharp." 

His success in his profession, and property left by his 
brother who died at Gibraltar, enabled Mr. Sharp to 
remove from Vauxhall to a larger house in Charles-street, 
Middlesex Hospital, and to indulge himself in more 
extended social connexions. At subsequent periods of his 
life, he removed his residence two or three times; from 
Charles-street to Titchfi eld-street; from thence to Acton; 
and from Acton to Chiswick, where he had not resided 
long, before he was attacked by dropsy in the chest, which 
terminated his life. 

He lies buried near Hogarth, by his desire, whom he 
esteemed as the most extraordinary painter that ever 
existed, and who was of similar origin.* 

Mr. Sharp resided in the house next door westward to 
the Victoria Asylum, on the Mall. 

Mr. Henry Neele was buried in the year 1828, in 
Chiswick church-yard ; he was an ingenious poet and 
novel writer, who died by his own hand, February 9th, 
1828, in a fit of insanity, supposed to have originated from 
too intense application to study. He was the son of a 
map engraver in the Stand, and was educated for the pro- 
fession of a solicitor, which he practised with reputation 
in the metropolis till his death. He was a man of amiable 
disposition and inoffensive manners, and highly respected 
by his acquaintance. Among his publications are " Pain's 
Dramatic Scenes," and the " Romance of History," S vols. 
12mo. and a series of tales relating to persons and events 
* See his Epitaph, page 338. 



MR. CHARLES WHITTINGHAM. 459 

mentioned in the annals of our native country. As a poet 
Mr. Neele seems to have formed himself on the model of 
Collins ; and several of his odes shew great power of pic- 
turesque personification, and otherwise display considerable 
mastery and spirit.* 

Mr. Charles Whittingham, who was born June 17, 
1767, at Calledon, in the county of Warwick, was appren- 
ticed to Richard Bird, printer and bookseller, of Coventry, 
in 1779. He worked as journeyman at Birmingham, and 
also in London, at the office of Mr. Hughes, since Messrs. 
Hansards. 

He commenced as master printer in a small office in the 
neighbourhood of Fetter Lane : here he printed editions 
of Milton and other English classics, which he sold to 
Mr. Wills, then a stationer and bookseller in Stationers' 
Court. He and Mr. Wills subsequently compiled and 
published " Moore's Almanack Improved," and " Wills' 
Clerical Almanack," which were afterwards sold to the 
Stationers' Company. In the year 1810 he, in conjunction 
with Mr. Bishop, took the premises known as the High 
House, on Chiswick Mall, but now used as a workhouse 
for the Fulham poor. This house he occupied as a dwelling 
house and printing office, and the adjoining house was 
used as a factory for the reducing of old rope to a state fit 
to be made into paper, in conjunction with Mr. Bishop. f 
He lastly removed, in the year 1818, to College House, 
where the business is still carried on by his nephew of the 
same name, a well-known printer in London. He was 
an amiable and unassuming man, and was generally beloved 
and esteemed. He died on the 15th of January, 1840, 
aged TS.J 

* Literary Chron. London. 

+ The principal manufactory cultivated in this parish is that belonging to 
Mr. Charles Whittingham, which has for its object the extracting of the tar 
from old junk, thereby rendering the material fit for the manufacture of paper 
used in printing. The article thus prepared is removed, and the completion 
of the manufacture carried on in another place. The paper produced is of a 
strong and silky texture, and is supposed to be superior to to any other printing 
paper manufactured in this country. — Breicer's Survey of Middx. p. 327. 
Lond. 181(5. \ See his epitaph, p. 322. 



460 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

By his will he bequeathed £2000 three per cents, to the 
Stationers' Company, the interest to be distributed in 
pensions to six widows of compositors and pressmen, fifty 
years old and upwards — the widows of those who had been 
in his employ to have the preference; £1000 to the coal 
fund of the parish of Chiswick ; £200 to the printers' pen- 
sion society ; £500 and an annuity of £20 to his foreman, 
Mr. Fenton, who had been with him for thirty-eight years. 

Sir Henry Sidney, lord president of Ireland in the reign 
of Queen Elizabeth, appears to have had a seat at Chis- 
wick, near the water side. His wife, Lady Mary, daughter 
of John, Duke of Northumberland, dates her letters thence 
in 1574 and 1578.* 

Leonard Maw was fellow of Peter House, Cambridge, 
and afterwards master of Trinity College, prebendary of 
Wells, doctor of divinity, chaplain to Prince Charles, on 
whom he attended when he went to Spain to pay his 
addresses to the Infanta, and at length Bishop of Bath and 
Wells, to which he was elected July 24th, 1628, but he 
enjoyed that dignity but a short time, dying at Chiswick, 
September 2, 1629, and was buried in the church-yard on 
the 16th of the same month. He left behind him the 
character of a scholar, a grave preacher, and a mild man.f 

At the visitation of Middlesex, begun in the year 1663, 
by William Kyley, Esq. Lancaster, and Henry Dethick, 
Rouge Croix, marshals and deputies to Sir Edward Bysshc, 
knight, clarencieux-king-of-arms, the following persons, 
inhabitants of Chiswick, made proof of their pedigrees. 
Of this visitation, an edition was printed in folio, in 1820, 
at the expense of Sir Thomas Phillips, Bart, and the 
pedigrees will be found therein, viz.J 

1. Thomas Hawksworth. 2. Thomas Jones. 3. William 
Gomelden. 

* Sidney Papers, vol. i. pp. GO and '271. 

+ Memoirs of eminent Cambridge Men, Hail. MSN. No. ', Hi, Brit. Mas. 
I See the arms of all the comities tricked by J. Saunders. Hail. MSS. 
No. 1457. Brit. Mus. 




HEATHFIELD HOUSE. 




HIGH HOUSE, CHISWICK MALL. 



HEATHFIELD-HOUSE. 461 



CHAPTER VI. 

Tumhani-Green — Situation — Heathfield-House — General Elliot — Pack- 
horse Inn — Sir John Chardin — Dr. Morell — Dr. Griffiths — Bohemia 
House — Stafford-House — Ugo Foscolo — Turnham-Green Church — Horti- 
cultural Gardens — Sutton — Sutton Court — Grove-House — Strand-on-the 
Green. 

Turn ham Green. — This village is situated on the Great 
Western road, at the distance of five miles from Hyde 
Park Corner. Its open common surrounded by scattered 
terraces and houses, presents an agreeable variety to the 
almost unbroken succession of buildings which extends 
along the road towards London. The peculiar tenure of 
much of the property around, which is held of the manor 
of Sutton, has hitherto proved a great impediment to the 
increase of building in this vicinity. As this, however, 
has in some degree been removed by recent enactments, a 
change for the better may be anticipated at no very dis- 
tant period. The air of this place is considered very 
salubrious, and it is sheltered on the north by the rising 
ground of Acton and Ealing. Gas is laid on not only along 
the road, but at the back of the green, and if the common 
were enclosed like that at Kew, and a few handsome trees 
planted round it, the appearance of the place would be 
much improved. That part of the ground on -the south 
side of the green which is freehold, is said to have been a 
portion of the demesne lands of the manor of Sutton, and 
this must have been the enclosed land upon which the 
army of Prince Rupert fell back after the skirmish on 
Turnham-green, which succeeded the battle of Brentford. 

Heathfield House. — In the year 1747, Lord Vis- 
count Dunkerton became possessed of a capital messuage 
at Turnham-green, situate at the south western corner, 



462 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 

which after his death in 1751, passed through various 
hands, viz. : — the Earl of Kerry, 1752 ; Matthew Hutton, 
Esq. 1762 ; the Earl of Egmont, 1765 ; who it is supposed 
built the capital mansion represented in the engraving. 
In the front of the house was a lofty wall with handsome 
iron rails and gates,, in the centre of which, at the top, encir- 
cled by iron scroll work was a shield with these arms : — 

" Arg. on a chief, indented gules, three crosses pattee for Perceval, impal- 
ing sable, a lion passant gardant or, between tbree helmets proper, garnished 
arg. for Compton."* 

These gates were purchased for the Duke of Devonshire 
at the sale of Heathneld-house, in 1837, and now form the 
handsome northern entrance of Chiswick-house gardens. 

Sir Brownlow Cust, 1771 ; the Duchess of Devonshire, 
1772 ; Lord John Cavendish, 1777 ; it was purchased in 
1789 by Lord Heathfleld, who made it his principal resi- 
dence till his death in July 1790. During his lordship's 
abode at Turnham-green, the gardens were laid out with 
much taste by Mr. Aiton, his Majesty's head gardener at 
Kew. But of this noble mansion so richly fitted up, there 
remain only a few fragments, and the grounds which were 
so tastefully laid out are now a mere wilderness. 

General Elliot — This distinguished and able general 
to whose victorious exertions we owe the possession of the 
important fortress of Gibraltar, was the son of Sir Gilbert 
Elliot, of Stebbs, in Boxburghshire. At an early age he 
was sent to the University of Leyden, and being designed 
for military life, he was sent from thence to the celebrated 
military school in Picardy. Here it was that the foundation 
was laid of that knowledge of tacticts which so greatly dis- 
tinguished this officer. He completed his military course 
on the Continent by a tour, and Prussia being the model for 
discipline, he continued for some time as a volunteer in 
this service. Mr. Elliot returned in his seventeenth year 
to his native country, and was in 1736, introduced by his 
father Sir Gilbert, to the colonel of the twenty-third regi- 
ment of foot. He was accordingly entered as a volunteer 

* See Faulkner's History of Fulham, p. 18:3. 



LORD HEATHFIELD. 

in that regiment. Hence he went into the engineer corps 
at Woolwich, until his uncle, Colonel Elliot, brought him 
as adjutant of the second troop of horse grenadiers. With 
these troops he went on service to Germany, and at the 
battle of Dettingen he was wounded. On his arriving at 
the rank of lieutenant-colonel, he resigned his commission 
as engineer, in which service he had been actively em- 
ployed to the advantage of his country. In 1759, he was 
selected to raise the first regiment of light horse, called 
after him Elliot's, and as soon as they were raised and 
formed, he was appointed to the command of the cavalry 
in the expedition on the coast of France, and after this he 
passed into Germany where he greatly distinguished him- 
self. On the peace of 1763, his regiment was reviewed by 
his Majesty in Hyde-park, who being pleased with their 
high character, asked General Elliot what mark of his 
favour he could bestow on his regiment equal to their 
merit. He answered that his regiment would be proud 
if his Majesty should think fit, that by their services they 
were entitled to the distinction of royals. It was accord- 
ingly made a royal regiment. He was appointed to the 
command of Gibraltar, in a fortunate hour for the safety 
of that important fortress. The example of the commander- 
in-chief in a besieged garrison has a most persuasive 
efficacy in forming the manners of the soldiery. The 
military system which he introduced, and the preparations 
which he made for his defence, were contrived with so 
much judgment, and executed with so much address, that 
he was able with a handful of men to preserve his post 
against any attack. He never relaxed from his discipline 
by the appearance of security, or hazarded the lives of the 
garrison by wild experiments, and his able defence of 
Gibraltar in 1781, has justly exalted him to a most elevated 
place in the military annals of his country. On his return 
to England the gratitude of the British senate was as for- 
ward as the public voice in giving him that distinguished 
mark his merit deserved, to which his Majesty was pleased 
to add that of the knight of the bath, and an elevation to the 
peerage, by the title of Lord Heathfield, Baron of Heath- 



464 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

field, June 14th, 1787, and permitting his lordship to take 
also the arms of the fortress he had so bravely defended. 
He closed a life of military renown at the most critical 
season of his memory. He had acquired the brightest 
honours as a soldier, and he died in the seventy-third year 
of his age, in July, 1790. His remains were conveyed to 
Heathfield, in Sussex, and there deposited in a vault, over 
which a handsome monument is erected.* 

The Pack-horse and Talbot is a noted inn, situated 
at the western extremity of the Green, formerly much fre- 
quented by travellers on the great western road, and takes 
its name from the pack-horses which were much in use 
before the establishment of waggons and other carriages. 
A great part of the country trade with the metropolis was 
carried on by these means, even as late as the beginning 
of the last century. The talbot, a trusty species of dog 
so called, accompanied the horses, and stopped to watch 
the goods while the travellers were refreshing themselves 
at the inns on the roads. In former times, the inns were 
much more numerous and spacious than those in present 
use, for the great number of travellers, as well as the great 
quantity of packages and goods by which they were accom- 
panied, required ample accommodation for their security 
on their journey. But in the present times, these estab- 
lishments have been nearly superseded by the formation 
of the rail-roads, so that this description of property, 
formerly so extensive and valuable throughout the country, 
has been reduced to a state of poverty and ruin, as well as 
the post-towns and villages on the line of these roads, and 
the post-masters have also been thrown out of employment. 
In France, the post-masters have petitioned the govern- 
ment, and have obtained redress and compensation. 

Sir John Chardin, was the son of a jeweller, of the 
protestant persuasion, at Paris, where he was born in 1643. 
He followed his father's trade, and at the age of twenty-one 
commenced his travels, whence he did not return till 1670. 

* Drinkwater's Siege of Gibraltar, p. 56. 



CIIRTST CHURCH. 405 

He had j^assed the greatest part of this interval in 
Persia, and he printed at Paris an account of the Coro- 
nation of Toliman, third King of Persia, and the principal 
events of the beginning of his reign. Departing again 
for the East, in 1671, he spent several years in Persia and 
the East Indies, and laid in a great store of information 
concerning the state of those countries, which he made 
public after his second return. 

In 1681, he was knighted by Charles the Second, at 
London, who made him his jeweller. 

His travels were published altogether in 10 vols. 12mo. 
1711. Few books of the kind have maintained an equal 
character of authentic and valuable information. 

He married the daughter of a French refugee in 
London, and died in 1712, and was buried at Chiswick 
without any memorial. 

He lived in a house at Turnham -green which belonged 
to James Howard, Esq., nephew to James Earl of Suffolk. 
It was sold after his death to Thomas Lutwyche, Esq. 
and was, in 1762, the property of George Tuffhell, Esq. 
On his monument in Westminster Abbey is this inscrip- 
tion, " Sir John Chardin — Nomen sibi fecit eimdo." The 
house is now called Bolton-house, and is in the occupation 
of Mr. Dynes, as a boarding school for young gentlemen. 

Thomas Morell was a native of Eton, and received his 
education in the college there, as a scholar on the founda- 
tion. He removed to King's college, Cambridge, of 
which he was chosen a fellow, and in 1743 he took the 
degree of D.D. Having entered into holy orders, he 
became rector of Buckland, in Hertfordshire, and chaplain 
of the garrison of Portsmouth ; and he was also curate 
of Kew and Twickenham. Dr. Morell re-published, with 
improvements, King's edition of four of the Tragedies of 
Euripides, 1748, 2 vols. 8vo. and published an edition of 
the .Prometheus Vinctus of iEschylus, 4to. ; a Lexicon of 
Greek Proborly^ 4to. and also an edition and an Abridgment 
of Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary ; and a translation of the 
Epistles of Seneca, with Kotes, 2 vols. 4to. ; besides which 



466 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

he selected the words for some of Handel's Oratorios, and 
assisted in a modernized version of the Canterbury Tales 
of Chaucer. He also published an edition of Spencer's 
works, Theophanes Philalethes, or a summary of the 
Controversey, occasioned by a book called the Medical 
Philosopher's Poems on divine subjects, partly translated 
from Villa da Vida, and partly original; Thesaurus 
Grsecse Poeseos ; a life of Dr. Littleton, prefixed to his 
works ; an edition of Locke on the Understanding, with 
notes ; and several Sermons. He preached the Bota- 
nical Lecture for several years at Shoreditch church. 
Dr. Morell lived at Turnham-green, and was in habits 
of great intimacy with Hogarth, whom he is said to have 
assisted in writing his " Analysis of Beauty." There is a 
portrait of him by his friend, which is engraved. The 
manner of accentuating Morell's name being undecided, 
it was pronounced sometimes Morell, and sometimes 
Morell, which caused one of his friends to address him 
with the following extempore jeu d'esprit. 

Sive tu mavis Morelus vocari sive Morellus. 

Dr. Morell married a daughter of Henry Barker, Esq. 
of Grove-house, Chiswick. He died at the age of eighty, 
in 1784* 

Dr. Griffiths, a native of Shropshire, was originally a 
bookseller in Pall Mall, but declined business to devote 
his time and talents to the publication of the Monthly 
Review, the first number of which appeared in 1749, and 
he conducted it fifty-four years, a sole example in the 
history of the republic of letters of a publication conducted 
for so long a period under one title and editorship. 

Dr. Griffiths resided in a capital mansion, now called 
Linden-House, and near Bolton-House, in the Grove. He 
died in the year 1803,f leaving his only son the property 
and editorship of the Monthly Review, which however 
gradually declined in sale and in reputation, ar«^ became 

* Dyer's Hist, of Cambridge, vol. ii. p. 198. Ni-iiols's Lit. Anecdotes. 
j- See bis epitapb, p. 329, and tbat of bis wife, p. 338. 



UGO FOSCOLO. 467 

finally engulphecl in the vortex of the Edinburgh and 
Quarterly Reviews. 

Bohemia -House. — This famous tea-drinking tavern 
and garden was known for many years by the name of 
the King of Bohemia; it is supposed to have been so 
called from Prince Rupert's father, and to have been first 
established by some Royalist, to commemorate the battle 
fought on the spot by Prince Rupert with the Round- 
heads, in 1642 * It is now divided into three private 
dwellings. 

Stafford-House, so called from having been the resi- 
dence of the Marquis of Stafford, was a capital mansion, 
adjoining the preceding, and facing the road, it was pulled 
down and sold piecemeal in 1842, and the site now exhibits 
a dreary waste. 

Ugo Foscolo, a celebrated Italian writer, was born 
about 1776, and was educated at the University of Padua, 
and ere he had reached the age of twenty, he wrote 
a tragedy, which was represented at the theatre of 
St. Angelo, at Venice, in 1797, when it was received 
with unbounded applause. In 1798 he published the 
" Ultime Lettere di Jacopo Ortis," a romance, pourtraying 
in the most powerful language the depth of passion and 
feeling. He subsequently adopted the military profession, 
and remained in the Italian army till 1805, but disliking 
the service of Napoleon, after he had become Emperor, 
he quitted it, but retained his military rank as captain. 
About this time he succeeded Monti as professor of litera- 
ture in the University of Pavia, when he commenced his 
lectures by an oration, the boldness of which alarmed the 
jealousy of Napoleon, and the professorship was suppressed. 
In 1812 he produced another tragedy, " Ajace," which 
was represented at Milan. He went to that city in 1814, 
and was promoted to the rank of major. In 1815 he came 
to England. His reputation procured him a good reception 
* See an account of this battle, p. 285. 

2 h2 



468 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

from some of our most eminent literati, and he was noticed 
by persons of the highest rank and fashion. He published 
" Ricciarda/' a tragedy, " Essays on Petrarch/' 1821, 
and "Discorso sulla Testa di Dante," 1826, besides which 
he wrote many articles in the Edinburgh and Quarterly 
Reviews. He might, by his writings alone, have insured 
himself independence if he had acted with prudence ; but 
he involved himself in difficulties by erecting a cottage in 
the Regent's Park, and his pride and violence of temper 
disgusted all his friends.* This learned and eccentric 
Italian who resided in the next house to Dr. Collyer, late 
Bohemia-House, at Turnham Green, died in September, 
1827, and was buried in Chiswick church-yard. f 

Christ Church, Turxham-Green. — The necessity of 
extending the means of spiritual instruction to this part of 
the parish, had led the vicar, the Rev. T. F. Bowerbank, 
a few years before, to celebrate a service in the boys' 
national school, at Turnham-Green, every Sunday evening. 
This laudable provision for a necessity which daily became 
more urgent, opened the way to a more permanent and 
effectual means of supplying it by the erection of a district 
church, a plan which was immediately embraced and 
entered into with a zeal worthy of so high an object. 

Among its first promoters, John Charles Sharpe, Esq. 
of Chiswick, ought to be particularly mentioned ; while, 
to the munificence of the Messrs. Sich, of Chiswick, the 
successful completion of the work must be mainly attri- 
buted. 

The district assigned to Christ Church includes the north- 
western portion of the parish, taking in the village of 
Strand-on-the-Green, and numbering a population of some- 
what more than two thousand souls. 

The district is bounded on the north and north-west by 
the parishes of Acton and Ealing ; on the south-west by 
the river Thames ; and on the south and east by the 
remaining part of the parish of Chiswick ; from which it 
is separated by an imaginary line, proceeding from the 

* See his epitaph, p. 339. + Lit. Gazette. 







(DHmSS^ (SIIKOlc ^W^I^HAM^IElillWo 



TURNHAM-GREEN CHURCH. 469 

river Thames in a south-easterly direction along the middle 
of the lane leading to Furzedown Place, it then turns 
north-easterly up the middle of the lane, and passing 
Furzedown Place, proceeds in a straight line into the 
road from Sutton, up the middle of which road it proceeds 
in a northerly direction as far as the foot-path leading 
from Sutton to Chiswick, by the side of the horticultural 
gardens, and proceeding in an easterly direction along that 
path till it enters the Duke of Devonshire's private road, 
along the middle of which road it proceeds northerly and 
enters the London road as far as Fisher's Lane, up the 
middle of which lane it proceeds northerly to the point 
where the boundary of Chiswick and Acton parishes 
meet. 

The church was consecrated and opened in due form on 
the 27th of July, 1843, by the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop 
of London, in the presence of a numerous assemblage of 
the neighbouring clergy, and a large and respectable con- 
gregation. The prelate on this interesting occasion preached 
an excellent sermon from the 10th chapter of the Epistle to 
the Romans, verse x. — " For with the heart man believeth 
unto righteousness ; and with the mouth confession is made 
unto salvation." At its conclusion, a collection, amounting 
to £150 was made. An adjournment to the large room of 
the national school room took place, where a splendid 
dejeuner a la fouchette had been provided, at the expense 
of the committee. 

The Bishop of London, on his health being drunk, took 
occasion to mention, that the church building fund, which 
he was the means of establishing, had, during the last ten 
years, reached in amount to nearly £200,000, by means of 
which forty-two churches had been already erected. In 
this case, as above stated, individual liberality had been 
successfully appealed to. 

The total expense of erecting the church was estimated 
at £6000, of which, at the time of consecration, £5000 had 
been subscribed. The right of presentation, after the first 
time, is vested in the Bishop of London. 

The new church is situate on the great western road, 



470 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

on the south side, near to the five-mile stone, and in the 
centre of Turnham-Green. 

The style of the church is early English, of the middle 
period of the style. It consists of a chancel, with an 
octagonal apse ; north and south transepts ; a nave and 
aisles ; a western tower ; and a north porch. The nave 
and aisles are covered with high pitched roofs springing 
from about the same level, and consequently without a 
clerestory. They are separated from one another by octa- 
gonal pillars and pointed arches, that opposite to the 
transe23ts being of greater space' than the others. 

The roofs internally are open and stained, and are of a 
simple but agreeable design. The chancel, however, has 
a grained ceiling below the roof. The seats are low and 
unobtrusive, and are stained in the same manner as the 
timbers of the roof. The effect of the interior in general 
is simple and agreeable, though having no pretensions to 
an ornamental character. 

The exterior is faced with flint with dressings of Bath 
stone. The windows are of the lancet form, those to the 
aisles being in couplets. The tower is perhaps the most 
striking external feature, it is of bold but simple and sub- 
stantial design, and is finished with a broach spire, with 
two ranges of spire-lights ; its height is about 140 feet. 
The length of the church, including the tower and chancel, 
is about 112 feet; and the width of the nave and aisles 
externally about 50 feet. There are seats for 930 persons, 
of which 505 are unappropriated. The effect of the 
exterior would have been much improved had the chancel 
been of greater length, arid its shortness gives an undue 
preponderance to the transepts ; with this exception, its 
external appearance is by no means unpleasing, though 
exceedingly plain and unpretending. 

The Rev. R. C. Jenkins, M. A. is the present incumbent. 

The architects were Messrs. Scott and Moffat, of Spring- 
Gardens. The builders, Messrs. Bird, of Brook-Green, 
Hammersmith. 

Infant School. — There is an Infant School at Turn- 



HORTICULTURAL GARDENS. 471 

ham-Green, supported by voluntary subscriptions of the 
inhabitants; and a Clothing Club in Turnham-Green and 
Strand-on-the-Green. 

An Infant School is also about to be established in the 
most destitute part of the parish, through the munificence 
of John Charles Sharpe, Esq. of Chiswick. 

The Gardens of the Horticultural Society. — The 
horticultural society of London had its origin in 1804, 
from a few individuals of wealth and talent, who associated 
for the improvement of the art in which they delighted. 
Their views soon enlarged; and on the 17th of April, 
1809, they were incorporated into the above-named society. 
The charter states the society to be for the improvement 
of horticulture in all its branches, ornamental as well as 
useful. 

The original corporation of the society consisted of 
George, Earl of Dartmouth; Edward, Earl of Powis; 
Brownlow, Bishop of Winchester; John, Lord Selsey; 
Charles Greville, Esq. ; Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. ; W. T. 
Aiton; John Elliott; T. A. Knight; C. Miller; B. A. 
Salisbury ; J. Trevelyan, Esq. ; and J. Dickson, T, Hay, 
and "W. Smith, gardeners. 

The society has power to purchase lands, and is liable 
to sue and be sued, and to have a common seal, an indefinite 
number of fellows, the power of naming which was to be 
in any five of the above-named original members, chosen 
before the 1st of May, 1809, but afterwards to be in the 
power of any seven or more fellows. The society to have 
a council of fifteen fellows, a president, treasurer, and 
secretary. 

The first president to be the Earl of Dartmouth ; Charles 
Greville, first treasurer ; B. A. Salisbury, first secretary. 
New ones to be elected annually. 

The president appoints every year five vice-presidents 
from among the members; three of the council go out 
annually, and three other fellows elected to their places. 

At the first establishment of the society, and for a few 
years afterwards, the number of its fellows amounted to 



4<£ HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

not more than 400 ; but in 1822 they had increased to 
1520, in the two preceding years 660 fellows having been 
elected; in 1824, the fellows amounted to 2197; in 1826, 
the number was 1924 ; in 1827, it was 2044 ; in 1845, the 
number is 1555. 

Although the society was instituted so early as the year 
1804, as before mentioned, yet its progress, previous to 
the year 1818, had not been such as to encourage the 
establishment of a garden for the prosecution of expe- 
riments connected with the objects of this institution. But 
at that period the interest taken by the public in the pro- 
ceedings of the society had increased sufficiently to furnish 
the means of carrying into effect, to a certain extent, that 
measure which had long been obviously of great importance. 
A piece of walled garden ground, containing an acre and 
a half, was taken in March, 1818, in the parish of Ken- 
sington,* and a collection of plants, of such descriptions 
as appeared expedient, was formed, foreign and domestic. 
It was soon found, however, that a garden of such circum- 
scribed dimensions was quite inadequate to the purposes 
for which it was intended, in consequence of which, an 
additional piece of ground, at Ealing, was taken, in the 
spring of 1820, to which such part of the collections as the 
garden at Kensington was unequal to maintain, particularly 
fruit trees and roses, was transferred. 

The increasing prosperity of the society, however, 
demanded that an establishment more equal to its wants, 
and the expectations of the public, should be formed. 
When this was resolved upon, the three principal points 
to be attended to were, the locality, the magnitude, and, 
as a purchase of land was not contemplated by the society, 
a permanent tenure. With these in view, various tracts 
of land were successively examined, of which none were 
found so eligible in every respect as a piece of ground 
occupied by market gardeners, which was offered to the 
society by the agents of his grace the Duke of Devonshire. 
This is situated between the London road, which runs 
through Turnham-Green, and the Duke of Devonshire's 
* See Faulkner's Hi?t. of Kensington, 8vo. p. 186. 



HORTICULTURAL GARDENS. 473 

park. As it appeared in every respect to possess the 
advantages required by the society, a treaty was concluded 
for taking the same, in the year 1821. 

The ground which it was agreed to rent of the Duke of 
Devonshire, consisted of thirty-three acres, held upon a 
lease of sixty years, renewable every thirty years for ever, 
upon a fine certain, and at a rental of £300 per annum, 
with power to the society of relinquishing its obligations 
at any time, upon giving twelve months' notice. 

As soon as the negotiations for taking the ground had 
been completed, the council transmitted to each member 
of the society a printed statement relative to the proposed 
establishment ; and bye-laws for the regulation of the 
garden were passed, with the formalities directed by the 
charter of the society. Under the direction of the bye- 
laws, a committee of management was nominated, and 
an assistant secretary, and two principal gardeners were 
appointed. 

Upon the first meeting of the garden committee, a plan 
for the division and general management of the garden 
was submitted by the secretary and approved. This, with 
a few unimportant alterations, has been in part carried into 
execution. 

The establishment and maintenance of a complete col- 
lection of authentic specimens of useful or ornamental 
trees, shrubs, and herbs, was one of the nrost important 
objects for which the Society's garden was originally taken, 
and which had been fulfilled to a very considerable degree 
prior to the year 1830, and the great extent to which the 
collection was likely to attain, was the principal reason for 
renting so large a piece of ground. The collection in 
1830 was still young, and far from being complete, as it 
evidently might become in a few years. To provide 
against the expected increase, much of the ground was at 
that period unoccupied, and it was strongly recommended 
by the committee of enquiry in 1830, that such part as 
might not be immediately wanted, should in some way be 
disposed off, or let off, so as to diminish the annual expen- 
diture. This, however, the council after various attempts, 



474 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

found to be as impracticable, as it always is, to secure 
pecuniary returns of any consequence from the produce 
of an experimental garden ; and, as the only alternative, 
they, during the first years, cut off every source of expence, 
which might be considered applicable to mere embellish- 
ment, or as not strictly necessary for the main objects of 
the society. But as the society's joosition became less 
embarrassed, and as the growth as well as the increase of 
the collections, especially that of hardy trees and shrubs, 
required more space, the attention of the garden com- 
mittee, under the direction of the council, was turned to 
the arrangement and maintenance of the collections in 
such a manner as might best conduce to their utility, and 
to that " neatness, regularity, and proper arrangement," 
so strongly recommended by the committee of 1830. The 
whole of the garden is now arranged, and but little remains 
to be done. 

The following are the chief results under this head in 
the three different departments of the garden. 

1. Orchard and kitchen department. In the orchard a 
large number of varieties, originally received as new, 
when they bore fruit and were compared, were discovered 
either to be synonymous of others known by different 
names, or to be undeserving of cultivation, so that little 
or no extention has been required to the ground occupied 
by fruit trees. The proved varieties now growing in the 
orchard are as follow. 

Apples, 910; Pears, 510; plums, 160; cherries, 60; 
peaches, 30; nectarines, 20; apricots, 14; grapes, 115; 
figs, 50 ; nuts, 24 ; gooseberries, 230 ; currants, 10; rasp- 
berries, 8 ; strawberries, 24 ; — Total, 2,165. 

A standard collection of kitchen garden plants is always 
susceptible of much less precision and extent than an 
orchard ; vegetables are mostly annuals or biennials, and 
must be propagated by seed, each variety of which, must 
in many cases be sown at a considerable distance from all 
others, so as to prevent cross breeding, such varieties are 
often the immediate result of soil and climate, or of special, 
but well known and expensive modes cf cultivation ; and 



HORTICULTURAL GARDENS. 475 

when transplanted or resown under less favourable cir- 
cumstances, they very soon degenerate. The garden 
committee have therefore thought it, in many cases 
impossible, in others unadviseable, considering the limited 
funds at their disposal, to maintain a collection of well 
known vegetables, in the beauty of which they would 
always be excelled with a much less outlay by any market 
gardener who has a rich soil, abundance of manure, and 
the proceeds of a regular and steady sale at his command. 
The ground formerly occupied by the kitchen garden has 
therefore been in some measure reduced, and limited to 
what is strictly necessary for the growth of samples only 
of the principal varieties of vegetables in common culti- 
vation, and for proving such as are reputed to be new 
and possessing merit. 

2. Hot-house and tender department. The construc- 
tion of an extensive range of conservatories, and hot- 
houses had been planned at the first laying out of the 
garden, and the extent of glass of this description, which 
in the year 1830, consisted of 405 feet running of hot- 
houses, and 407 of pits, has increased to 439 feet of hot- 
houses, and 712 feet of pits. In the year 1835, the 
council resolved that one-half of the clear proceeds of the 
garden exhibitions should be laid aside towards the com- 
pletion of the range of conservatories, one wing of which 
is now finished; and owing to the liberality of several 
friends of the society, contains already a large number of 
valuable specimens of plants. The period when the 
council will be enabled to proceed with the main body of 
the range, will depend entirely upon the support which 
the society may receive from the fellows, and the public 
at large. The number of species and varieties now cul- 
tivated in this department are as follows : — stove orchi- 
dacese, about 700; miscellaneous stove plants, about 1050; 
green-house shrubs or perennials, about 1970; tender 
annuals, about 50 ; making a total of about 3770. 

3. Hardy department, containing the arboretum and 
flower garden. Great additions in point of extent have 
been made to the arboretum since 1830, besides the 



476 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



original site, it now occupies that of the old flower garden, 
the whole of the ground which lay waste at that time as 
well as the part formerly occupied by hedge roses, and 
also a broad belt planted round the southern portion of 
the garden. The growth of the trees have enabled the 
garden committee to direct the turfing over of many 
clumps which were thought necessary at the first laying- 
out of the garden. By this means the specimen trees 
have been isolated with room to clevelope their natural 
forms ; and the collection, which as well as that of fruit 
trees is unrivalled in any other part of the globe, now 
contains nearly three thousand species or varieties of trees 
and shrubs, exclusive of nearly a thousand garden roses, 
and about two hundred garden varieties of azalias and 
rhododendrons. 

But in this, as in many other departments of the garden 
management, the garden committee have to contend with 
many difficulties, from the want of sheds and other accom- 
modations ; and on the other hand, from the positive 
instructions of the council, to refrain from any outlay not 
of immediate necessity, so long as the society still remains 
encumbered with a considerable debt. 

The number of hardy ornamental perennials now in 
cultivation in the garden is about 2,600 ; and the annual 
average of hardy annuals sown is from 250 to 300 ; 
making a total of above 9,800 species or varieties of plants 
in the society's possession, exclusive of fruit trees, roses, 
azalias, and rhododendrons. 

Much information relating to the society's collection of 
trees and shrubs will be found in Mr. Loudon's Arbore- 
tum, et Frutioetum Britannicum; and observations and 
experiments made at the garden have been the ground 
work of many of the principles laid down in Dr. Lindley's 
Theory of Horticulture. 

The garden committee have deemed it incumbent on 
them to be as liberal as circumstances would allow, in their 
distributions to foreign, as well as home correspondents, 
in exchanges, and in the supply of articles applied for by 
Her Majesty's Colonial Government. The articles distri- 






HORTICULTURAL GARDENS. 477 

buted since May, 1830, have been chiefly articles imported, 
viz. — Californian roots and seeds, received from Mr. 
Douglass, in 1833 ; Mexican Orchidaceous Epiphytes, 
bulbs and seeds received from Mr. Hartwey, at Mexico ; 
a supply of vegetable and other seeds which are either 
new, or do not ripen well in this country, and which are 
annually imported from Paris, and occasionally from Ham- 
burgh ; seeds of Perius Nigricans, received from Baron 
Jacquin, in 1830; and a quantity of Chilian seeds, pur- 
chased from Mr. Bridges, in the year 183&. 

Articles supplied from the garden, viz. — Grafts of fruit 
trees ; cuttings of ornamental trees and shrubs ; plants 
of hardy, tender, or stove perennials, introduced by the 
society, or originally raised in the society's garden ; seeds 
collected in the society's garden ; Dahlias, and occasionally 
plants and roots of other descriptions specially applied for, 
and which the garden committee happened to have the 
means of furnishing. 

The special exhibitions at the society's garden take place 
on three Saturdays in the months of May, June, and July 
respectively. The subjects of exhibition are divided into two 
classes ; for the first class, nurserymen compete with nur- 
serymen, and private individuals with private indidviduals, 
and separate prizes are awarded accordingly; for the 
second class, no distinction is made between the nursery- 
men and private individuals. 

The amount distributed during the last ten years make 
a total of 





Packets of 


Parcels of 


Plants. 


Seeds. 


Cuttings. 


To members 90,525 


349,903 
9,185 


48,500 
5,925 


„ foreign countries and correspondents 3,870 


,, Her Majesty's Colonies 930 


4,506 


146 







95,325 363,594 54,571 

The society distributes in gold or in silver three des- 
criptions of medals, namely, the large, the Knightian, and 
the Banksian. 

The total number of medals awarded since 1830 are as 
follows : — 



478 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



Gold. 



At the ordinary meetings 

At the special exhibitions 

To provincial societies and others . . 



98 



Silver. Total. 

362 362 

955 1053 

63 63 



98 1384 1478 

Foreign correspondence. In the long list of foreign, and 
foreign, corresponding members of the society, there will be 
found, it is believed, nearly every name of distinction in 
horticulture in every part of the globe ; and of late years 
especially, since our extended communications with the 
continent have afforded better means of ascertaining the 
real scientific qualifications of persons resident in the less 
frequented parts, great pains have been taken in the selec- 
tion of those on whom the title is conferred. 

The following are the foreign members elected during 
this period ; the number of twenty, as limited by the bye- 
laws, being now complete : — 1880, Dr. W allien, Calcutta ; 
1833, Professor G. C. Nees Y. Esenbeck, Breslau; 1838, 
Baron Charles von Hugel, Vienna ; 1838, James Trail, 
Esq. Cairo ; 1888, his highness the Prince of Salm Dyck; 
1840, Dr. Siebold, Leyden; 1840, Dr. Endlicher, Vienna; 
1840, M. Dutrochet; 1840, M. Vilmorin, Paris; Th. 
Michel, professor of botany, Naples. 

Twenty-six foreign corresponding members have been 
elected during the same period, carrying the total present 
number to 217.* 

Exhibitions at the garden : — 



1840. May 16 2471 

June 13 11594 

July 4 5072 



19137 



1841. May 15 5600 

June 12 8975 

July 10. 7194 



21769 



1842. May 14 5369 

June 11 13351 

July 9 3500 



1843. 



1844. 



May 13 4818 

June 17 11064 

July 12 7568 



23450 



May 18 4367 

June 15 13517 

July 13 4289 

„ 31 2307 



24480 



1845. May 24 3641 

June 21 12500 

July 12 6186 



22220 22321 

* Report of the Horticultural Society of London, 1840. 



SUTTOX COURT. 479 

Sutton. — The village called Little Sutton and Long 
Sutton is of great antiquity, and many records exist 
relative to its proprietorship and locality, in which it is vari- 
ously spelled Suttona, Sothona, and Suttone. The parish 
church of Chiswick was anciently called the Church of 
Sutton as belonging to the Dean of St. Paul's manor, and 
under whose jurisdiction it still remains. 

There can be no doubt that all this property belonged 
to the Bishop of London, and church of St. Paul, from the 
time of their foundation; and that they enjoyed very 
great privileges in all their lands, as appears by a writ of 
quo warranto in the twenty-second of Edward the First, 
by which the bishop was summoned to shew by what 
authority he exercised certain rights, including even the 
gallows in Fulham, Cheswyck, Sutton, Gillyng, Acton, 
and Fyncherley, when he pleaded that Gillyng, Acton, 
and Fyncherley were members of Fulham, and that he 
and his predecessors had from time immemorial been 
seized of the said liberties in those towns, and that King 
John confirmed them to his predecessor Bishop William, 
and judgment was given accordingly 

The Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, London, were also 
summoned to answer to our Lord the King, by what war- 
rant they claim to have view of Frankledge, and the 
amending of the assize of bread and ale broken, pillory, 
tumbre, infangthef, outfangthef, gallows, chatties of fugi- 
tives, and persons condemned, their tenants in Cheswyk, 
Sutton, &c. all which privileges were confirmed to them 
by the verdict of the jury, except that they had the right 
of the gallows only in the town of Fynnesbury.* 

The manor of Sutton was conveyed in the ninth year 
of Edward the Fourth, to Thomas Coveton and others. 
During the civil war, the manor was sequestered to the 
Lord Mayor and aldermen of London. In the year 1676, 

* Decanus et Oaptm ecclie Sci Pauli London, sum fuunt ad respondendum 
dno Regi de Plito quo waranto clam here vis franci pleg et emendas assis 
panis et cvis fracte pilloru tumbellu infanganethef, utfanganethef, furcas catall 
fugitor et damnator tenencia suor in Cheswyk, Sutton, &c. 

Placita de Quo Waranto Com. Mid. Edw. I. 



480 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

the lease came into the hands of Thomas, Earl of Faucon- 
berg,* who married Maria, the third daughter of Oliver 
Cromwell, in the year 1657. The marriage took place 
at Hampton-court, f and although the ceremony was 
performed in public according to the rights then in use, 
they were immediately afterwards in private, married by 
ministers ordained by bishops, and this with the privity of 
Cromwell. Bishop Burnet says of this lady, " she was a 
wise and worthy woman more likely to have maintained 
the post of protector, than either of her brothers, accord- 
ing to a saying that went of hers, " that those who wore 
breeches deserved petticoats better, but if those in petti- 
coats had been in breeches, they could have held faster." 
Lord Fauconberg forwarded the restoration, and was 
appointed by the restored monarch in 1660, lord lieute- 
nant of the bishopric of Durham. He was soon afterwards 
accredited ambassador to Venice and nominated captain of 
the band of gentleman pensioners. In 1679, he was 
sworn in one of the privy council ; and again in 1689, 
upon the accession of King William and Queen Mary, his 
lordship was created by letters patent, dated April 1689, 
Earl of Fauconberg. He died December, 1700, and 
having no issue the earldom expired, while his other 
honours reverted to his nephew Thomas Belasyse.J 

In Mackey's journey § which must have been written, or 
at least made before 1713, although the dedication bears 
date 1724, the Countess of Fauconberg is described as 
exhibiting a different appearance in her old age from that 
which has been generally ascribed to her. Speaking of 
Sutton Court, the seat of the Earl of Fauconberg he says, 
" I saw here a great and curious piece of antiquity, the 
eldest (this is a mistake, she was the third) daughter of 
Oliver Cromwell, who was then fresh and gay though of 
great age." In person she is said to have been handsome, 

* See page 291. 

+ November 19. " Married at Hampton-court, the Lady Mary Cromwell, to 
the most noble Lord Falconbridge, in the presence of their Highnesses, and 
many noble personages." — Public Intelligencer, Nov. 10, 2%, 1657. 

I Burke's Extinct Peerage. 

§ Journey through England, vol. i. p. 86, 



SUTTON COURT. 481 

yet at the same time to have resembled her father. After 
seeing all hopes of sovereignty continuing in her own family, 
cut off by the death of her father, she is said to have exerted 
all her endeavours for the restoration of monarchy. Lady 
Fauconberg bore the character of a pious worthy woman, 
and constantly attended divine service at her parish 
church. 

Her ladyship having no child, she had always been 
kind to all parts of her family, and by her will gave to 
Richard, her brother, £100. There is a portrait of this lady 
at the Chequers, belonging to the baronet family of 
Russel ; it shews her ladyship to have been of a delicate 
constitution. There is nothing in the character of this lady 
but what show her to be a wise and worthy woman. 
Granger says, it is hardly to be credited, that though she 
was handsome, yet she greatly resembled her father in 
person; this is corroborated by Dean Swift, who knew her 
ladyship, by his saying that she was extremely like the 
pictures he had seen of her father ; and it is evident by 
comparing her bust with the portraits of him. Before her 
death, it appears that she lost much reverence of her 
father's memory, regarding him probably as a hypocrite 
and a usurper.* 

In the year 1691, these gardens are thus described! — 
My Lord Fauconberg's garden at Sutton Court has several 
pleasant walks in it, but the upper garden next the house 
is too irregular. The green-house is very well made but 
ill set. It is divided into three rooms, and very well 
furnished with good'greens ; but it is so placed that the sun 
shines not on the plants in winter, the dwelling house 
standing betwixt the sun and it ; the maize or wilderness 
is very pretty, with a Cyprus harbour in the middle, sup- 
ported by a well-wrought timber frame. The inclosure 
wired in for white pheasants and partridges, is a fine 
apartment, and the timber walk with vines on the side is 



* Granger's Biog. Hist. Noble's Mem. of the Cromwells, vol. i. p. 148. 
+ Gibson's Account of the Gardens round London, Archaeologia, vol. xii. 
p. 184. 

2 i 



482 HISTORY OF CHJSWICK. 

very fine, when the blue pots are on the pedestals on the 
top of it; and so is the fish pond. The house and gardens 
are thus described by a cotemporary tourist. From Brent- 
ford I passed by the pleasant village of Chiswick, and in 
an hour got to Sutton Court, that celebrated seat of the 
late Earl of Fauconberg ; and I must own that the house, 
furniture, pictures, and gardening, are well worth the 
curiosity of a stranger. Sutton is, indeed, un bijou, it has 
three parterres from three fronts of the house, each finely 
adorned with statues. The gardens are irregular, but 
every walk affords variety, the hedges, grottos, statues, 
mounts, and canals, are so many surprising beauties. In 
the house are several very good Italian pictures, and a 
very neat library.* 

After the death of the Earl of Fauconberg, the estate of 
Sntton Court became by a deed of gift the property of 
Sir Thomas Frankland, his nephew, who was post-master 
general, and appears to have lived at the same time at 
Little Sutton. After Lady Fauconberg's death in 1713, 
he was admitted to a house and premises late her property. 
Sir Thomas died in 1726. f In 1727, previous to Lord 
Burlington's purchase, Thomas Fowler Lord Fauconberg, 
(nephew of the viscount then lately deceased, and great 
nephew of Thomas Earl of Fauconberg, Rowland Belasys, 
and Oliver Cromwell, youngest son of Henry, only son of 
Henry Cromwell, who was younger brother of the late 
countess, and her heir according to the custom of the 
manor, were all admitted to premises at Chiswick, and all 
surrendered to the Earl of Burlington. 

The village of Sutton still retains a tranquil and retired 
character, well calculated to surprise the visitor, for the 
transition from crowded streets and noisy turmoil, to this 
most pleasant and rural spot, is indeed, abrupt and pleasing. 

The principal mansion called Sutton Court, or the 
Manor House is now occupied by Mr. Frederick Pappen- 
don, as a boarding school for young gentlemen, and is 
situated about half a mile from Turnham-green church. 

* Mackey's Journey, vol. i. p. 86. Lond. 1732. 
+ See Court Rolls of Sutton. 



SUTTON COURT. 483 

It is a handsome, spacious, and in some respects, an 
ancient structure, seated on a gently elevated ground, but 
the alterations which it has undergone since its first erec- 
tion, have left but a small portion of the original building, 
except the ground floor and the cellars, whose massive 
walls in some parts exceed seven feet in thickness, extend- 
ing one hundred feet in length ; these immense walls are 
carried up into various parts of the house, and formed the 
divisions of the original edifice. 

The south-east front extends in length one hundred and 
ten feet, built with stone, and consists of a centre sur- 
mounted with a pediment and wings. In the lower room 
is an antique fire place and marble chimney-piece, orna- 
mented with fruits, flowers, and birds, boldly carved, the 
entablature supported by jambs of the Ionic order, charged 
with caryatides in the form of men, half lengths. The late 
Thomas King, Esq. in a great measure rebuilt the mansion 
as it now appears. 

In the court yard stands a noble yew tree, whose trunk 
measures (July 1845) at the base, ten feet eight inches in 
circumference : now the third of this measurement gives 
the diameter, and every inch of diameter is equal to ten 
years growth, thus by this calculation, the tree is upwards 
of four hundred years old. It is the opinion of Decandole, 
that of all the European trees, the yew is that which 
attains the greatest age ; and no doubt can exist that there 
are individuals of the species in England as old as the 
introduction of Christianity, and there is every reason to 
believe a great deal older. 

Grove House, near Sutton Court, belonged, in the 
reign of Henry the Fourth, to Robert AVarner, who sold it 
to Thomas Holgill, Esq. ; it was afterwards for several 
generations the property of the Barker family. It is thus 
described in 1705.* 

To the west of the town beyond the seat belonging to 

the Earl of Buckingham, is a spacious regular modern 

building, called Grove House, in which dwells Scorey 

* Cl. 13, Hen. IV. M. 10, 11, 18. 
o T o 



484 



HISTORY OF CIIISWICK. 




■s rv\ .^ «*-- AJL ^^3=1 



Barker,* Esq. lately chosen Knight, of the Shire for 
Middlesex, to serve in the ensuing parliament. This seat 
is pleasantly situated near the Thames side, behind it are 
gardens, by some said to be the finest in England. After 
the death of Henny Barker, Esq. which happened in 
1745, it was purchased by the Earl of Grantham, who 
was born at Vienna, in 1788, and was appointed ambas- 
sador to the Court of Spain, in 1771. In 1782, he was 
secretary of state for Foreign affairs, and he concluded the 
preliminaries of peace in 1783. Lord Grantham died in 
1786; after his death this estate descended to his daughter, 
Lady Francis Ellis. Soon after her death it was purchased 
by the Bight Honourable Henry Morrice who made con- 
siderable additions to the house, and built a large riding 
house, with excellent stables for thirty horses. 

Mr. Morrice bequeathed this seat, in the year 1790, to 
Mrs. Luther, under the following very singular restric- 
tions : — All the horses and dogs on the premises were to 
be carefully fed and attended till they died a natural 
death, and his own servant was to have two rooms in the 



* This gentleman was chosen member of parliament for Middlesex, in 
1701. See p. 38, ante. 



GROVE HOUSE. 485 

house as long as he lived. In default of such attentions 
to the animals, Mrs. Luther would have only a life interest 
in the premises ; but if she fulfilled the intentions of the 
will, the estate would be absolutely at her own disposal. 
All the animals and the servant being dead, the estate was 
put up for sale in 1819. 

A modern writer, well known for his humour and 
graphic powers, affords us the following description of 
these premises, drawn up from ocular demonstration : — 
" This is the villa which, if I am not mistaken, formerly 
belonged to the well-known Humphrey Morrice, a gentle- 
man of large fortune, and thought to be, for more reasons 
than one, a very peculiar person. I remember seeing this 
place, and the then master of it, one morning, when I was 
a boy. On entering the court-yard, we were assailed by 
a very numerous pack of curs, in full cry : this was occa- 
sioned by Mr. Morrice's humantity towards animals. All 
the stray mongrels which happened to follow him in 
London, he sent down to this villa. He had a mare in 
his stables, called " Curious," who, though attended with 
the greatest care, was almost a skeleton from old age. 
Many of his horses enjoyed a luxurious sinecure. During 
summer they were turned into his park, where, in sultry 
weather, they reposed beneath the shade of the trees, when 
a boy was employed to flap the flies from their hides. The 
honours shewn by Mr. Morrice to his beasts of burthen 
were only inferior to those which Caligula lavished on his 
charger."* 

This beautiful villa, which is situated in a very desirable 
and retired spot upon the banks of the Thames, is now the 
property of the Duke of Devonshire. The premises, con- 
taining about fourscore acres, are enclosed within a brick 
wall ; the pleasure grounds were laid out by the Earl of 
Grantham. The paddock abounds with a great number of 
walnut trees and Spanish chestnuts ; the fruit of which has 
been known to produce £80 per annum. 

The property was purchased of Mrs. Luther by the Rev. 
Robert Lowth, son of the late Bishop of London, who, in 

* Colman's Random Records, vol. i. p. 280. 



486 HISTORY OF CHISW1CK. 

the following interesting letter, renews his acquaintance 
with George Colman the younger, a fellow- collegian : — 

" Dear Sir, 

" I have a liouse at Chiswick where, I rather think, this nine-lived box is ; 
but whether it is so or no, I shall be very glad if you will give me a call, to 
dine and take a bed, if convenient to you ; and if I canuot introduce you to 
your old acquaintance and recollections, I shall have great pleasure in sub- 
stituting new ones, — Mrs. Lowth, and eleven of our baker's dozen of olive- 
branches, our present compliment in the house department, my eldest boy 
being in the West Indies, and my third having returned to the military college 
last Saturday, his vacation furlough having expired. As the summer begins to 
borrow now and then an autumn evening, the sooner you will favour me with 
your company, the surer you will be of finding me at Grove House ; the 
expiration of other holidays being the usual signal for weighing anchor, and 
shifting our moorings to Parsonage point. I remember you, or David Curzon, 
had, among your phrases quondam, one, of anything being ' d — d summerly,' 
I trust, however, having since tasted the delights of ' the sweet, shady side of 
Pall Mall,' that you have worn out that prejudice, and will still catch the 
season before it flies us. Or give me a line, naming a no distant day, that I 
may not be elsewhere when you call, and you will much oblige, 

Yours sincerely, 

ROBERT LOWTH. 

Shortly after the writing of this letter, Mr. Lowth 
caught a cold, by walking early in the day into the meadows 
on the banks of the Thames, which brought on an inna- 
mation, and caused his speedy dissolution. He was buried 
in the family vault, in Fulham church-yard, as we learn 
by the following pathetic narration : — 

" My walk next morning was to the sepulchre of the 
Lowths, to indulge in the mournful satisfaction of viewing 
the depository of my poor friend's remains. It stands in 
the church-yard, a few paces from the eastern end of 
the ancient church of Fulham. The surrounding earth, 
trampled by recent footsteps, and a slab of marble, which 
had been evidently taken out and replaced in the side of 
the tomb, too plainly presented traces to those rites which 
had been performed on the preceding day. For several 
mornings I repeated by walk thither ; and no summer 
has since glided away, (except the last, when my sojourn- 
ment at Fulham was suspended), without my visiting the 
spot, and heaving a sigh to the memory of Robert Lowth."* 
* Colman's Random Records, vol. i. p. '-.'??. 



STRAND-ON-THE-GREEX. 487 

Strand. — This village anciently called " Strond," is 
delightfully situated on the banks of the Thames, has 
greatly improved of late years by the increase of respect- 
able buildings, and now extends along the water-side to 
Sutton Court. 

The establishment of the new means of communication 
between this place and London, will tend greatly to 
increase the number of buildings and inhabitants; and 
it is said to be the intention of some opulent persons of 
Chiswick, to propose the building of a district church in 
this respectable neighbourhood, a measure which could 
not fail of being favourably received and properly 
responded to, when we consider the great distance of the 
inhabitants from their own district church. 

Here are six alms houses, thus inscribed : — 

Two of these houses built by Mr. Thomas Child, one by Mr. Solomon Wil- 
liams, and one by William Abbot Carpenter, at his own charge for ye use of 
the poor at Chiswick, for ever, 1724. 

Repaired, 1816. 

James Willsox, 1 .-,, , , 

L Churchwardens. 
William Wallis Bifield, J 

The New Pier. — During the present year the " Union 
Iron Steam Boat Company" have erected a pier at this 
place, with convenient waiting rooms for passengers 
between Chelsea and Kew Bridge, which will be found 
a great convenience to the inhabitants of Brentford, Ealing, 
and Kew, and to those of the intervening villages on the 
banks of the Thames. Punctuality in passage, and mode- 
ration in charges, command the patronage of an indulgent 
public. 

The well known Joe Miller, who was born, it is sup- 
posed, in London, resided many years at this place ; he 
was a lively comic actor and facetious companion; it is 
therefore unpleasant to strip him of his laurels, but it is 
time to place the crown which he has so long and so suc- 
cessfully usurped, upon the head of him who has the best 
claim to wear it. These jests, then, which are so well known, 



488 



HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 



are the production of John Mottley, who died October 30, 
1750 ; having been the author of several dramatic pieces. 
It is also supposed that he was the compiler of the Lives 
of the Dramatic writers, published at the end ofWhincop's 
" Scandeberg." It is certain that the life of Mr. Mottley 
in that work is particularized by such a number of various 
incidents, as it seems improbable should have been known 
to any one but himself. 

Mr. Davis* is of opinion, that the first edition of Joe 
Miller's Jests, certainly collected by Colonel Mottley, was 
printed in 1745, but this is not the case. Joe Miller died 
on the 13th of August, 1738, and was buried in the church 
yard of St. Clement's, with an epitaph written by his 
friend Stephen Duck. The first edition of his Jests was 
printed by Thomas Road, in Dagwell-street, Whitefriars, 
in 1739, and having run through eleven editions, it was 
reprinted after a lapse of thirty years, by Barker, Book- 
seller, of Russel-street, Covent-garden. A copy of the 
original edition was lately valued at ten guineas in the 
catalogue of an eminent bookseller. 

Johan Zoffani, Esq. resided many years in a house 
facing the river. 

This eminent portrait painter, who was born near 
Frankfort-on-the-Maine, came to England in the year 
1761. He returned to the Continent in 1773, and visited 
Italy. 

Mr. Zoffani was particularly celebrated for small whole 
lengths, and painted several pieces of Garrick and his 
cotemporaries, in dramatic scenes ; which, both as works 
of art and for the excellent likeness which they were 
esteemed to bear to their originals are most highly valued. 
He painted also two well known groups of the members 
of the Royal Academy, about the year 1772 ; and the 
Florence gallery, including portraits of most of the English 
who were on their travels whilst he was in Florence. 
During his residence in that city, the Emperor Joseph 

* See Davis's Olio of Biblioth. Anecdotes, p. 96, Lond. l^L. Lit. Gaz. 
July 21, 182J. Nichols' Lit. Anecdotes. 



JOHAX ZOFFAXI, ESQ. 



489 



and his family sat to him for their portraits, on which 
occasion he was made by that monarch a Baron of the 
Empire, but he never assumed the title. 

Obtaining the notice of George the Third and his con- 
sort, they sat to him for a large picture, in which the whole 
family appeared assembled. He was admitted a member 
of the Royal Academy in 1783. He went afterwards to 
the East Indies where he became a favourite of the Nabob 
of Oude, and amassed a handsome fortune, with which he 
returned to England and settled at Strand-on-the-Green. 
Whilst he resided there, he presented a large well executed 
painting of the Last Supper, as an altar piece to St. George's 
chapel, then lately built, and where it still remains.* 

He was buried in Kew church yard, where is a square 
tomb with rails, on the south side of which are the follow- 
ing inscriptions — 

Sacred to the memory of 

Jolian Zoffani, Esq. R.A. 

Who died November 11th, 1810, 

Aged 87 years. 

His widow caused this tomb to be erected as a memorial of her affection. 

On the north side — 

In memory of 
Mary Zoffani, widow of J. Zoffani, R.A. 
Who departed this life March 00th, 183-2, 
Aged 77. 

The most conspicuous and pleasing object in this neigh- 
bourhood is the city barge, named the " Maria Wood," 
which is one hundred and thirty-six feet long, and eighteen 
feet wide, divided into state room, store room, bed rooms, 
and kitchen. She is flat bottomed, and notwithstanding her 
great length, draws only two feet of water, and lies on the 
shore at this place, at the end of every season. Within 
these few years she has gone up as high as Staines, and 
often to Hampton-court, being always drawn up by horses. 
This vessel cost five thousand pounds, and was built by 
Mr. Peack, of Bank-side in 1816. She is the property of 
* See page 129. 



490 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the city of London, and 
is under the immediate jurisdiction of the Navigation 
Committee. She is now in excellent condition, although 
her two immediate predecessors were broken up after 
having been built only twenty-six years. 

The Strand Ayte is considered as belonging to the 
parish of Ealing, and it is included within their boundary 
line, it is always occupied by the city authorities, but they 
pay nothing towards the poor rates, being exempted by 
charter from the payment of all kinds of taxes. 

At low water the Thames at this place appears nearly 
dry, and presents a singular appearance, and seems to offer 
no obstacles to a free passage on foot ; and it may be 
recollected that it was on this spot that the battle was 
fought between Edmund Ironside and the Danes.* It may 
be easily imagined that before the successive embankments 
which have taken place in latter times 3 that the river flowed 
over a much wider space than at present, and consequently 
afforded a still greater facility of passage, than even at the 
present time. 

The views on both sides of the Thames from Ham- 
mersmith, Chiswick, and Brentford, up to Richmond, 
are universally admired, and considered equal to any 
thing of the kind that the Rhine or other Continental 
rivers can offer to the admiring spectator ; and seated in 
the midst of this beautiful landscape, we may be allowed 
to exclaim in the noble aspirations of the Twickenham 
Bard :— 

Come, sacred peace, come long expected days, 
That Thames's glory to the stars shall raise ; 
Let Volga's hanks with iron squadrons shine, 
And groves of lances glitter on the Ehine ; 
Let barbarous rancour arm a servile train, 
Be hers, the blessings of a peaceful reign. 
Behold the ascending villas on his side, 
Project long shadows o'er the crystal tide. 
Behuld Augusta's glittering spires increase, 
And temples rise, the beauteous works of peace. 

* See page 12, ante. 



EALING PARK. 



491 



Ealing Park was successively the property of J.Loving, 
Esq.; Sir Richard Ellis ; Sir Francis Dashwood; Sir Richard 
Littleton; Lord Weymouth; Earl Brook, afterwards 
Lord Warwick; Lord Robert Manners; Cuthbert Fisher, 
Esq., and his widow. It became the property of W. Law- 
rence, Esq. in 1838, and under the care and super- 
intendence of Mrs. Lawrence, it has become one of the 
most beautiful and classical spots near London. The 
premises occupy nearly one hundred acres and are most 
agreeably diversified with wood and water. There are 
two lakes in front of the mansion containing about seven 
acres of water, furnished with a variety of fish, and, with 
their islands, are great ornaments to this part of the 
gardens, and they fall southerly into the Thames. 

The house, which consists of two stories, is about one 
hundred and twenty-five feet long, the north entrance 
is ornamented with a portico of the Tuscan order, 
consisting of four columns with a pediment, the tym- 
panum of which is plain. The entrance to the mansion 
is through the great hall which is embellished with 
statues and vases, some of which were taken during the 
late war in China. On the right is the large library 
which contains a capital collection of books, scientific, 
botanical, and classical, many of the largest size folios 
splendidly bound in morocco and russia leather, fine books 
of prints, and portraits of eminent men ; on the left is a 
small library containing the works of Byron, Scott, Bulwer, 
and of some eminent Italian, French, and German authors. 
The drawing room is sixty-two feet long, separated into 
two divisions ; the tapestry is gobelin, and came from the 
French palaces, and is supposed to be two hundred years 
old ; the colours are, however, still brilliant, they consist 
of four subjects; the Rape of the Sabines, the Sacrifice 
of Iphigenia, and the Sacrifice of Flora, after Rubens ; a 
Bacchanalian Triumph, after Annibale Carracci. 

The Queen's chair, an elegant chair, so called from her 
Majesty having sat in it during her late visit. The 
arrangement of the drawing-room as a " tout ensemble" is 
of the most magnificent description, and contains many 



492 EALING PARK. 

objects of art and vertu. The upper floor contains the 
blue room, the gold dressing room, the gold state bed 
room, and the boudoirs. 

The garden, or western front of the mansion is orna- 
mented by a colonnade, extending the whole length of the 
building, and consists of a centre and wings, supported by 
ten pillars of the Ionic order. At the north end is a large 
conservatory with arches, containing some of the largest 
laurel trees in the country. On the south is an open 
arcade consisting of five arches leading to the dairy pond 
walk, which is embellished on either side with four square 
pedestals, each being ornamented with classical groups, 
representing 1. Peleus recovering over Achilles. 2. Castor 
and Pollux. 8. Aristseus and Euridice. 4. Hercules 
bearing off Lye as. 1. Mars and Venus. 2. Cupid and 
Psyche. 8. Bacchus and Ariadne. 4. The Rape of Pro- 
serpine. The elegance of these embellishment, and the 
beauty of the surrounding scenery, remind the classical 
visitor of the vicinity of Athens or Rome. 

By a gradual descent we arrive at the dairy pond, which 
is ornamented with a fine statue of Apollo, a fountain with 
a statue of Neptune, and a mermaid in a fountain. 

The large lawn in front is bounded by evergreens, and 
here are some fine cedars, one of which is two hundred years 
old. An ornamental dairy on one side of the fish pond, 
contains painted glass windows, and some good china 
with some fossils, and among the collection are some fossil 
eggs from Ichaboe. 

Here is also an aviary, containing above one hundred 
species of Foreign birds, among which are many parrots 
and mackaws of the most beautiful description, fostered by 
daily attention and pure air. 

A serpentine walk winds round the outside of the lawn 
leading on the left to the rookery, or Crusaders' Burial 
Place, being a collection of artificial crosses in burnt bricks, 
and monumental fragments, covering a large space of 
ground, in imitation of a burial ground still existing in 
Palestine, and originally made in the time of the Crusaders. 



EALING PARK. 493 

At the northern side of the lawn is a temple much used 
by Pope, who was a frequent visitor here in the time of 
Lord Warwick; the approach is by an avenue of Cedrus 
Deodara. The plant houses, fifteen in number, contain a 
large and choice collection of the rarest plants, viz. Orchi- 
daceous plants, tropical Ferns, Azalias, Heaths, (which 
are allowed to be the finest in the world,) Camellias, 
Geraniums, hard rooted plants from New Zealand, and 
Australia. 

The following are a few of the rare shrubs and trees 
lately introduced into England, which are now growing 
well at Ealing Park. 

Liriodendron Tulipefera, Pawlounia Imperialis, Arbutus 
Procera, Auricaria Imbricata, Auricaria Braziliensis, Ilex 
Latifolia, Pinus Monticola, Picea Fraseri, Picea Religiosa, 
Picea Webbiana, Pinus Gerardiana, Pinus Nobilis, Aralia 
Japonica, Juniperus Excelsa, Juniperus Lawrenciana, 
Cercis Siliquastrum, Kolriuteria Paniculata, Cedrus 
Deodara, Berberis Dulcis, Berberis Trifoliata, Lonicera 
Ledebouri, Photinia Serrulata, Salisburia Adiantifolia, 
Rhus Cotinus, Staphylea Firmata, Myrica Gale. 



In Sir Richard Phillips's " Walk from London to Kew," 
occur the following pleasing reminiscences of Chiswick 
and its former inhabitants, arising out of the circumstance 
of the ringing of the church bells, which, it appears by his 
narrative, had been familiar to him since his school-boy 
days. 

" I now recollected that the winding of the river must 
have brought me nearer to that simple and primitive 
village than the profusion of wood permitted me to per- 
ceive, and my nerves had been unconsciously acted upon 
by tones which served as keys to all the associations con- 
nected with these bells, their church, and the village of 
Chiswick ! I listened again, and now discriminated the 
identical sounds which I had not heard during a period 



494 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 

of thirty years. I distinguished the very words in the 
successive tones, which the school boys and puerile imagi- 
nations at Chiswick used to combine with them. In 
fancy, I became a school boy. Yes, said I, the six bells 
repeat the village legend, and tell me that " my dun cow 
has just calved, exactly as they did above thirty years 
since !" Did the reader ever encounter a similar key-note, 
leading to a multitude of vivid and early impressions; 
for in like manner these sympathetic tones brought before 
my imagination numberless incidents and personages, no 
longer important, or no longer in existence. My scattered 
and once loved school mates, their characters, and their 
various fortunes, passed in rapid review before me ; my 
schoolmaster, his wife, and all the gentry, and heads of 
families, whose orderly attendance at Divine service 
on Sundays, while those well remembered bells were 
" chiming for church," (but now departed and mouldering 
in the adjoining graves,) were rapidly presented to my 
recollection. With what pomp and form they used to 
enter and depart from their house of God ! I saw with 
the minds eye the widow Hogarth, and her maiden relative, 
Richardson, walking up the aisle, dressed in their silken 
sacks, their raised head-dresses, their black calashes, their 
lace ruffles, and their high crook'd canes, preceded by 
their aged servant, Samuel ; who, after he had wheeled 
his mistress to church, in her Bath chair, carried the 
Prayer books up the aisle, and opened and shut the ]3ew! 
There too was the portly Dr. Griffiths, of the Monthly 
Review, with his literary wife, in her neat and elevated 
wire winged cap ; and oftimes the vivacious and angelic 
Duchess of Devonshire, whose bloom had not then suffered 
from the canker worm of pecuniary distress, created by 
the luxury of charity. Nor could I forget the humble 
distinction of the aged sexton, Mortefee, whose skill in 
psalmody enabled him to lead that wretched group of 
singers, whom Hogarth so happily pourtrayed; whose 
performance with the tuning fork excited so much wonder 
in little boys, and whose gesticulations, and contortions 



CHISWICK CHURCH BELLS. 495 

of head, hand, and body, in beating time, were not out- 
done, even by Joah Bates in the commemoration of 
Handel ! Yes, simple and happy villagers ! I remember 
scores of yon; — how fortunately ye had escaped the con- 
tagion of the metropolitan vices, though distant but five 
miles ; and how many of you I have conversed with, who, at 
an adult age, had never beheld the degrading assemblage 
of its knaveries and miseries." 

It appears by the following ancient record of the time 
of Edward the First, anno 1307, that the Abbot of West- 
minster was summoned to shew by what authority he 
exercised various liberties in Breynford and other towns, 
consisting of free warren, market, toll, gallows, &c. 
including the town of Westminster, when he pleaded that 
Breynford was a member of the town of "Westminster, and 
he claimed to plead all pleas which the kings's sheriff 
pleaded in the county, except appeals and outlawries ; 
and he produced the charter of King Henry the Third, 
the King's father, to shew that he had granted to God 
and to the Church of St. Peter, Westminter, and the 
monks there, all the very extensive liberties he claimed, 
except the plea of'vetito namio" and view of frank- 
pledge in Breynford which he did not claim, and they 
were allowed accordingly. 

Abbas sum fuit acl respond Dni Regi de plito quo war- 
ranto clam here Plito corone here libam warrenam merca- 
tum feriam theolonu furcas, &c. Et Abbas venit et dicit 
qd Eye Knytsbrig Greneford, Chelcheth, Breneford, &c. 
Et sic quia in eadem carta continent qd heant visu france 
pig in omib ten suis cu plito vetito namia et eo war clam 
here placito vetite namii visu franci pleg cum ptin ubiq ; 
pt quam in Braynford, ubi nich inde clam.* 

The Eastern Willow Ayte, near Kew Bridge, is within 
the boundaries of the Parish of Richmond, but it is the 
property of the Parish of Fulham, having been bequeathed 

* Placita De Quo Warranto, Com. Mid. Edw. I. p. 479. 



496 HISTORY OF OHTSWTCK. 

by William Payne, Esq. of Pallingswick, in the year 
1626, for charitable purposes, to be divided between 
Fulham and Hammersmith. That portion of the island 
which has been transmitted as the property of the Charity, 
was ascertained by admeasurement in 1806, to consist of 
1 acre, 3 roods, and 35 poles. The Commissioners of 
Woods and Forests are in treaty for this property, on the 
following terms : — that the sum of £ 800. stock be invested 
in the names of the trustees in the S per cent, consols, as 
the purchase money, and that the trustees be exonerated 
from all expenses of the sale.* 

Among the projected improvements of this neighbour- 
hood, may be mentioned the Hounslow Railway, proposed 
to be constructed on the Atmospheric plan, which is 
proved to offer many advantages over Steam for short 
distances. It is intended to carry this road through 
Brentford, Turnham Green, Hammersmith, Kensington, 
and Knightsbridge, where it is to terminate, within half-a- 
mile of Hyde Park Corner. 

* Faulkner's Hist, of Hammersmith, p. 173. 



INDEX OF NAMES AND TITLES. 



Magna vis, magnum est ponclus in nominibus. Beroaldut 



Adair, W. Esq. 208, 

Adorinam Byfield, 47. 

Aiton. Mr. 462. 

Aiton, W. T. 471. 

Albert, H. R. H. Prince, 436. 

Algernon, Earl of Northumberland, 67. 

Alexander, Emperor, 436. 

Amelia, Princess, 254. 

Andrews, Richard, 72. 

Argyle, Duke of, 247. 

Atlee, Richard, 203. 

Atlee, Charles Nelson, 241. 

Aulaire, Count St. 438. 

Aunsham, Richard, 191. 

Baillie, James, Esq. 202. 
Baldock, Bishop, 177. 
Barnes, Mrs. Eliz. 208. 
Barrington. Bishop, 160. 
Banks, Sir J. Bart. 471. 
Barker, Henry, Esq. 484. 
Bateman, Viscountess, 369. 
Baynes, Sir Christopher, 41. 
Beaufoy, H. Esq. 190. 
Beauchamp, Sir John, 14. 
Beaufort, Duke of, 434. 
Beckwith, Col. John, 328. 
Bedford, Francis, Earl of, 360. 
Bedford, William, Fifth Earl of, 385. 
Belasyse, Thomas. Esq. 480. 
Bellingham, '-243. 
Bell, Dr. 160. 
Bennett, Rev. Mr. 47. 
Bennet, John, 73. 
Berkeley, Maurice De, 43. 
Beveridge, Bishop, 178. 
Bird, the Messrs. 470. 
Bishop of London, Dr. Blomfield, 468, 
Bishop of Winchester, Dr. Brownlow, 

471. 
Blake, B. Esq. 190. 
Blucher, Marshal, 436. 
Bonner, Bishop, 16. 
Borfett, Rev. Mr. 48. 
Bordall, Rev. William, 325. 
Bowman, Rev. John, 201. 
Booth, Sir Felix, Bart. 164. 
Bowerbank, Rev. T. F. 468. 
Bonney, T. Esq. 136. 
Bramley, Rev. T. J. 177. 
Bramlev, T. Esq. 177. 

2k 



Brougham, Lord, 388. 

Bruuow, Baroness, 438. 

Buckingham, Earl of, 4S3. 

Buccleugh, Duchess of, 43 7. 

Bulwer, 389. 

Burlington, Richard, Earl of, 886, 

387. 
Burdett, Sir F. Bart. 40. 
Burnaby, Rev. Dr. 59. 
Butler, Rev. Weeden, 236. 
Butlin, Elizabeth, 204. 
Byron, Lady Noel, 240. 
Byng, Geoge, Esq. 40. 

Cadogan, Earl, 181. 

Cambridge. Duke of, 436. 

Canning, Right Hon. G. 388, 389. 

Capel, Lady, 66. 

Canute, King, 13. 

Carlisle, Earl of, 433. 

Carlyl, Christopher, 60. 

Carr, R. Earl of Somerset, 385. 

Lady Ann, 385. 

Carnwath, Countess of, 257. 
Cassamajor, J. H. Esq. 328 

Mrs. Eliz. 329. 

Mrs. Rebecca, 329. 

Cavendish, Lord John, 462. 
Charlotte, Queen, 158. 
Chardin, Sir John, 465. 
Chatterton, Lady, 387. 
Chatham, Earl of, 446. 
Chesterfield, Earl of, 239. 
Chilcott, Rev. Dr. 59. 
Churchill, Charles, 446. 
Clarke, John, 76. 
Clarendon, Lord, 37. 
Clifford, Lord, 418. 
Clitherow, James, Esq. 53, 54, 55, 

Christopher, Esq. 54. 

Cock, Simon, Esq. 322. 
Cooke, William, B.D. 57. 
Coleridge, Mr. Hartley, 440. 
Collyer, Dr. 468. 
Compton, Bishop, 189. 
Copeland, A. Esq. 192, 255. 
Cornwall, Sir Thomas, 17. 
Coveton, Thomas, 418. 
Cooper, G. Esq. 77. 
Cooper, Charlotte, 57. 
Cooke, William, 76. 



498 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



Crawford, H. Esq. 254. 
Crispe, Nicholas, Esq. 333. 

Mrs. Ann, 334. 

Edward, Esq. 334. 

Crofts, William, Lord, 380. 
Cromwell, Oliver, 480. 
Henry, 482. 

Dartmouth, Earl of, 471. 

Davison, Mrs S. 197. 

De Luc, J. A. 102. 

Devereux, Eohert, Earl of Essex, 390. 

Devonshire, Duke of, 380, 391. 

Devonshire, Duchess of, 390, 432. 

Dibdin, Charles, 268. 

Dodd, Eev. Dr. 236. 

Donne, Sir John, 418. 

Dorset, Richard, Earl of, 2. 

Doumouriez, Gen. 248. 

Drinkwater, John, 76. 

Drinkwater, Col. 225. 

Dutrochet, M. 478. 

Dynes, Mr. 465. 

Edmund Ironside, 11, 12, 13. 
Edward I. 123. 
Edward III. 123. 
Edward VI. 40. 
Edwards, Dame Ann, 199. 
Edwards, Thomas, Esq. 204, 266. 
Eden, Sir F. M. Bart. 196. 
Edric Streone, 13. 
Egmont, Earl of, 402. 
Egerton, Bishop of Durham, 242. 
Elliot, Gen. 204, 402. 
Ellis, Lady Francis, 484. 
Elizabeth, Queen, 90. 
Endlicher, Dr. 478. 
Essenbeck, Professor, 478. 
Essex, Earl of, 279. 
Etheldred, King, 11. 

Farmer, Thomas, Esq. 257. 
Fairfax, General, 380. 
Fauconberg, T. Earl of, 480; Coun- 
tess of, 480. 
Fauconberg, T. Fowler, 482. 
Fielding, Henry, Esq. 200, 406. 
Fisher, Cuthbert, Esq. 201. 
Fletcher, T. 70. 
Foote, 450. 

Forbes, Sir C. Bart. 41. 
Forest La, W. Esq. 83. 
Fox, Sir Stephen, Knt. 373, 381, 453. 
Fox, Bt. Hon. C. James, 388, 433. 
Foxall, Thomas, Esq. 59. 
Frankland, Sir Thomas, 482. 
Frowick, Sir Thomas, Alderman, 252. 
Fulke De Brent, 142. 

Gallowov, Earl of, 239 



Garrick, 448. 

George the Third, King, 158. 
Gilbert, Mr. 230. 
Gouldsmith, J. Esq. 97. 
Glasse, Rev. G. H. M.A. 08, 09. 
Glasse, Rev. Sam. D.D. 08. 
Glossop. Rev. H. 109- 
Glover, Christopher, 70. 
Gloucester, Duchess of, 436. 
Goodenough, Mrs. A. 197. 
Gordon, A. L. Esq. 191. 
Gongh. Lady, 334. 
Gray, Richard, Esq. 191. 
Grantham, Earl of, 484. 
Gresham, Sir Thomas, 96. 
Greville, E. Esq. 471. 
Griffiths, John, 329. 

Mary, 329. 

William Thomas, 329, 

Ralph, Dr. 329, 466. 

Gulston, J. Esq. 198. 
Gunilda, Princess, 250. 

Hamden, Col. 19. 

Handel, 444. 

Hardwick, Thomas, Esq. (53. 

John, 63. 

Philip, 63. 

Harrington, T. Esq. 177, 223. 
Harrison, Rev. G. M.A. 68, 71. 
Harrington, T. 177. 
Hastings, Lord Hoo, 14. 
Hastings, Sir Edward, 17. 
Hawley, Jacob, Esq. 58. 

Henry, 58. 

Hayley, William, Esq. 433. 
Hazard, J. 166. 

Heath, Sir Robert, 36. 

Hedges, Dr. 242. 

Henry VI. 14. 

Heathfleld, Lord, 462, 464. 

Hippisly, Sir John, 27. 

Hoadly, Bishop, 443. 

Hogarth, William, Esq. 335, 439. 

Jane, 336. 

Holford, Josiah, Esq. 73. 
Hollis, Col. 26. 
Home, John, 59. 
Home Tooke, John, 202. 
Home, Rev. Dr. Thomas, 321. 
Horsley, William, Esq. 333. 
Howard, John, 57. 
Howard, James, 331. 
Howell, W. E. LL.D. 55. 
Hubbold, Ann, 72. 

Hume, Joseph, 41. 
Hiigel, Baron, 478. 

Ilchester, Earl of, 449. 
Ironside, Col. 254. 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



49U 



Jacquin, Baron, 171. 
Jeddere, T. Esq. 231. 
Jenkins, Rev. R. C. 470. 
Julion, Thomas, 203. 
Jones, Inigo., 391. 
Jones, Sir William, 234. 

Kaye, Dr. Bishop of Lincoln, 402. 

Keating, Rev. W. A. 08. 

Kennel, Robert, Esq. 330. 

Kent, H. JR. H. the Duke of, 259. 

Kent, — , 387. 

Kerry, Earl of, 462. 

King, Dr. William, 177, 247. 

King, Thomas, Esq. 324, 482. 

King, Edmund, 11, 13. 

Kinnaird, Lord, 242. 

Kirby, J. J. Esq. 131. 

Kirby, Sarah, 157. 

Knevett, Samuel, 205. 

Knight, T. A. Esq. 471. 

Lancaster, Joseph, 150. 

Lawrence, W. Esq. 447. 

Lawrence, Mrs. 491. 

Layton, Thomas, 205. 

Laud, Archbishop, 253. 

Le Notre, 426. 

Leicester, Earl of, 96. 

Lemond, Major General, 199. 

Lewis, Miss Mary, 336. 

Lillie, Sir J. S. Knt. 41. 

Lilburne, Capt. John, 36. 

Lionel, Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex, 2. 

London, Bishops of, 177, 258. 

Long, R. Esq. 258. 

Loving, J. Esq. 199. 

Loutherbourgh De, P.J. R.A. 334,450. 

Lowth, Rev. Robert, 486. 

Lucas, Benjamin, 57. 

Luther, Mrs. 400. 

Lycott, T. Esq. 177. 

Macartney, Right Hon. George Earl 

of, 335, 372, 376. 
Mainwaring, William, and G. B. 40. 
Marlborough, 247. 
Mangey, Rev. Dr. 178, 180. 
Mary, Queen, 44. 
Mason, 427. 

Maw, Leonard, Bishop, 460. 
Mawson, Dr. Mat. Bishop of Ely, 451. 
Maynard, Sergeant, 253. 
Maynard, John, 201. 
Mellish, William, 41. 
Melmoth, William, Esq. 240. 
Merewether, R. Esq. 14 L. 
Middleton, J. Esq. 56. 
Miller, Joe, 487. 
Miles, Sir J. 192. 



Miller, C. 471. 
McDonald, T. Esq. 225. 
Milton, 426. 

Monmouth, James, Duke of, 386. 
More, Sir Thomas, 434. 
Moore, Dr. Archbishop of Canter- 
bury, 452. 
Morgan, J. Esq. 194. 
Morpeth. Lord, 437. 
MorreU, Dr. 443, 465. 
Morris, Rev. John, D.D. 76. 
Morrice, Right Hon. Henry, 484. 
Morrison, Major, 103. 
Mottley, Col. John, 488. 
Murphy, Arthur, Esq. 455. 

Napoleon, 435. 
Nassau, Count of, 452. 
Neele, Henry, 458. 
Neild, James, Esq. 237. 
Nicholas, Emperor, 423, 436. 
Nicholas, Dr. F. 177. 
Northumberland, Earl of, 27. 
Noy, William, 56, 147. 

Orme, Robert, Esq. 190, 231. 
Oldmixon, G. Esq. 194. 

J. Esq. 194. 

Ossulston, Lord John, 72. 
Owen, Dr. John, 249. 

Painters, Alphabetical List of, 396. 

Palladio, 392. 

Parker, James, Esq. 73. 

Payne, E. Esq. 208. 

Pearce, Thomas, Esq. 200, 249. 

Pearce, Bishop, 249. 

Peacock, Lewis, Esq. 325. 

Peat, Sir Robert, D.D. 59. 

Perceval, Rt Hon. Spencer, 242, 245. 

Pembroke, Earl of, 27, 388. 

Percy, Bishop, 142. 

Peter the Great, 423. 

Phillips, Mr. 449. 

Pitt, Right Hon. W. 247, 457. 

Pitt, Eliza, 73. 

Piatt, Richard, 204. 

Platoff, Count, 436. 

Plukenet, Thomas, Gen. 327. 

Grace, Mrs. 327. 

Powis, E. Earl of, 471. 
Pownall, Henry, Esq. 42, 136. 
Pratt, Eliz. 323. 
Pratt, J. Esq. 433. 
Prussia, King of, 436. 

Radwinski, Princess, 438. 
Ralph, Mr. 443. 
Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, 253. 
Randall, Rev. J. E. 68. 



500 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



Redman, Henry, 44, 45, CO, 63. 

Reade, Sir William, 90. 

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 158, 403, 422, 

Richard, IT. King.. 124. 

Robinson, T. 168. 

Robinson, H. I. 76. 

Robinson, Mrs. Catherine, 202. 

Robins. Henry, Esq. 323. 

Ann, Mrs. 323. 

James, 323. 

Tabitha, Mrs. 323. 

Grace Maria, Miss, 323. 

Catherine, Miss, 323. 

Rogers, Samuel, Esq. 328. 

Ronalds, Hugh, 65. 

Rose, William, LL.D. 349, 368. 

Ross, Captain, 165. 

Rothschild. Baron, 257. 

Rowe, T. B. and L. 164, 228. 

Rupert, Prince, 19, 280. 

Russel, Lord, 390. 

Ruthen, P. Earl of Brencford, 36. 



Salisbury, R.A. 471. 
Salm Dyck, Prince of, 478. 
Saville, Lady Dorothy, 386. 
Saville, William M. of Halifax, 386. 
Saxony. King of, 486. 
Scbomberg, Marshal De, 37. 
Scott and Moffat, 470. 
Scott, Robert. Esq. 59. 
Searle, G. F.76. 
Selsey. Lord John, 471. 
Senior, Mrs. Elizabeth, 1 98. 

Maxy, 198. 

Seymour, Edward, Esq. 386. 
Sharp, Mr. William, 455. 
Sharp, Mrs. Anne, 326. 

William Francis, 326. 

Benjamin. Esq. 326. 

H. B. Esq. 326. 

J. C. Esq. 468, 471. 

Dr. Gregory, 158. 

Sheridan, R. B. Esq. 433, 
Sich, the Messrs. 468. 

John, Esq. 326. 

Anne Mrs. 326. 

Harriet Miss, 326. 

Sidney, Sir Henry, 460. 
Sieholrl, Dr. 478. 
Skinner, T. Alderman, Esq. 201. 
Sloane, Sir Hans, 434. 
Smart, Benjamin, 134. 
Smith, Rev. John, 177, 178. 
Smith, T. Esq. 177. 
Smith, T. Esq. 146, 192. 
Somerset, E.Duke of, 96. 
Spelman, Sir Clement, 253. 
Spenser, Sir Edward, 50, 96. 



Spenser, Dame Mary, 72. 
Spenser, William, 392. 
Stephens, G. H. Admiral. 202. 
Stirling, Sir W. Bart. 254. 
Stoddart, Rev. Dr. 51. 78. 108. 
Stukeley, Dr. 277. 
Sturgess, Rev. Dr. 181, 183. 
Suffolk, Earl of, 254. 
Sutherland, Duchess of, 437. 
Sykes. Sir Francis, 268. 

Tankerville, C. Earl of Middlesex, 2. 
Tappenham. F. Esq. 482. 
Tattersal, J. Esq. M.D. 209. 
Taverner, R. Esq. 197. 
Taylor, Richard, Esq. 330. 

John, 330. 

Richard, Esq. 331. 

Temple, Sir William, 425. 
Thomas, Thomas, Esq. M.D. 322. 
Thomson, Rev. F.E. B.A. 129. 
Thomson, John Ayton, 3133. 
Thornhill, Sir James, 441. 

Lady, 441. 

Dame Judith, 336. 

Tickle. 433 

Thorn, P. Esq. 190. 

Tooke, Rev. John, 68. 

Townseud, James, Esq. 73. 

Trail, J. Esq. 478. 

Trel>eck, Rev. James, 321. 

Mary, 321. 

Trevelyan, J. Esq. 471. 

Trimmer, W. K. 6 

Rev. E 8. 

Mrs. 131. 

Rev. H. S. 158. 

Mr. John, 203. 

Mrs. Anne, 203. 

Mrs. 131, 182, 203. 

Trumbull, Sir William, 241. 

Tuffnell, G. Esq. 405. 
| Turner, H. Esq. 254. 
i TyrreU, G. Esq. 268. 

Tyers, Mr. 441. 

Vaughan, Edward, Esq. 198. 

Ugo Foseolo, 467. 

Wade, Mary Rachael, 328. 
Waagen, Dr. 393, 402, 420. 
W T alpole, Horace. 447. 
Wallick, Dr. 478'. 
Walmsley, Rev. Dr. 109. 
Warburton, Rev. Dr. 265. 
Warry, Rev. Thomas, B.D. 191. 
Webbe, — 255. 
Welstead, C. Esq. 449. 
Wellington, Duke of, 438. 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



501 



Wenman, Lord, 27. 
Wetherall, Gen. Sir F. 200, 202. 
West, Benjamin, Esq. 456. 
Whipham, Rev. Thomas, 68. 
Whitbread, Samuel, Esq. 41. 
Whittingham, Charles, 322. 

Marv, 322. 

Mr. C. 450. 

Widdriiigton, the Hon. W. T. 363. 

Williams, Mary, 73. 

William the Fourth, King, 100. 

Wilkes, John, 39, 416. 

Wilson, Sir Thomas Spencer, 245. 

Winter, Mrs. E. 203. 



Winter, John, Esq. 203. 

J. P. Esq. 192. 

Wood, G. Esq 209. 

Col. Thomas, 41. 

Richard, Esq. 204. 

Woodroffe, Mrs. Grace, 321 
Woollett, — 456. 
Wynne, Robert, 201. 
Wyndsor, Sir W. 252. 

York, Henry, 208. 

Zoffani, J. Esq. 488. 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Albany Chapel, account of, 135 

Amelia, Her Royal Highness, the 
Princess, her demise at Gunners- 
bnry-park, in 1787 ; her munificent 
donation to the poor at Ealing, 
254 

Archery in Brentford Butts, Histo- 
rical account of, 111, 115 

Aytes in the River Thames, 163 



Battle of Brentford, in 1642, 17 

Baptist Chapel, the, Old Brentford, 
account of, 132 

Baptists, particular denomination of, 
Church of, 133 

Battle between Edmund Ironside 
and Canute, near Kew-bridge, 
11, 12 

Berkeley Coat of Arms, 43 

Beveridge, William, Vicar of Ealing, 
and Bishop of St. Asaph, account 
of, 180 

Boston Road Chapel, account of, 133 

Burston, or Boston Manor, 96 ; Bos- 
ton House, account of, 98 ; History 
and descent of, 98 

Booth, Sir Felix, his great Distillery 
andBrewery, account of; Patronizes 
Capt. Ross in his Second Voyage ; 
created a Baronet by King William 
the Fourth, 164 

Brent River, 142 

Brentford, New, situation ; Boundaries 
and Extent ; Population ; Number 
of Houses; Butts and Market Place, 
139 ; County Court, 141 ; Old Inns 
— Ancient Houses, 144, 146 

Brentford Bridge, Letters Patent for ; 
granted by Edward II. in 1280; by 
Edward III. in 1332 and 1372; bv 
Richard II. in 1380 ; 124, 127 



| Brentford, New Church of, when first 

built uncertain, 43 
| Brentford, New, Church enquiry, 
time of Cromwell, 47; Minister's 
Salary settled, 47; Queen .Anne's 
Bounty obtained, 50; Vicarage 
House devised to the Parish in 
| 1646, annexed to the Church for 
ever, 5 1 ; Afternoon Lectureship, 51 ; 
Church rebuilt in 1764; Repaired 
and Painted in 1820 and 1840; 
Monuments and Inscriptions inside 
the Church, 53, 63 ; Chime of Bells, 
66 ; Communion Plate, 66 ; Sche- 
dule of Church Goods in 1669, 67; 
Incumbents from 1679 to 1842, 
68 ; Church Lands seized by the 
Crown, 40 

Brentford, New, Chariiies and Bene- 
factions, 72 ; Parochial Schools and 
Charitable Institutions, 75, 80 

Brentford, ' Jld,Boundaries andExtent ; 
Population, 1H1 

Brentford Gas Light Company, for- 
mation and extent of, 166 

Bridges, various, in the Parish of 
Chiswick, 278, 279 

British Schools, Brentford, 135,454; 
Chiswick, account of, 454 

Burney, Dr. his History of Music 
cited, 10 

Burning of six Protestants, account 
of, 14, 17 



Castle-Bar-Hill, the residence of 
H. R. H. the Duke of Kent, Bio- 
graphical Account of, 263 

Chapel of St. George, Old Brentford, 
when built, and made free, and 
re-opened ; built after a design of 
Mr. Kirby, description of, 128, 129: 



502 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Bounds of the district and Charities 
helonging to it, 130, 132 ; Incum- 
bents of this Chapel, 132 

Chapel, Chiswick, account of, 454 

Chapter of the Order of the Garter 
held in New Brentford, 14 

Charles I. marches into Brentford, 18 ; 
the Parliament Army defeated, 19; 
and the town plundered, 20 

Chiswick, Name, Situation, Soil,Boun- 
daries, 275 

Chiswick Rectory and Vicarage, Sur- 
veys of the Lands and Tithes ; 
Value of the Rectory now leased 
with the Manor of Sutton , Visita- 
tions of the Church in 1252, and 
1458, 295, 300; Charities, 341, 
345 

Church Inventory made 10th of March, 
1552, sixth year of Edward VI. 

Church built of Stone, dimensions of; 
310; Interior, description of; Paro- 
chial Charities painted on the Gal- 
leries ; the Chancel ; the Nave ; 
Monuments and Inscriptions, 311 

Church Bells at Brentford, 06 ; at 
Ealing, 213 ; at Chiswick, 309, 310 

Chiswick Town, the Mall; Manor- 
Farm-House, 388 

Chiswick Population, 382 

Chiswick House, Picture Gallery and 
Gardens, description of, 424 

Chiswick Church, description of, in 
1705 ; Vicarage, value in 1649 and 
1660 ; Vicars succession of, from 
1662 to 1811, 309 

Christ Church, Turnham Green, situ- 
ation of, 468 ; Consecration of, 469 ; 
Expense of Erection, ibid. ; Archi- 
tectural description of, 464, 470 

City Barge, named Maria "Wood, de- 
scription of, 489 

Clitherow Family, History and De- 
scent of, 98, 99 

Clitherow, Col.James ; Address to,from 
New Brentford, 100 ; his Reply, 102 ; 
Presentation of a piece of Plate to 
him, 105 ; His Funeral, 107, 109 

College-House, Chiswick, originally 
intended for the retirement of the 
Master and Scholars of Westmin- 
ster School, 293 

Colehaw Manor-House, now called 
Goodenough-House, 236; occu- 
pied formerly by Dr. Dodd, who 
was taken prisoner in this house, 
in 1776, Biograpbical account of, 
238 

Colman, George, his account of the 
Rev. R. Lowth, 486 



Compton, Dr. H. Bishop of London, 
consecrated an additional piece of 
ground for Ealing Church yard, 180 

Corney-House, 368; ancient resi- 
dence of the Bussel family, after- 
wards of the Earl of Macartney, 
pulled down in 1832 ; the premises 
now the property of the Duke of 
Devonshire 

Dead Man's Graves, whv so called, 
167, 168. 

Devonshire, Duchess of, her Charac- 
ter, 432 

Dibdin, Charles, his residence in 
Hanger Lane, 268 

Doumouriez, Gen. Ins residence at 
Little Ealing, his death and cha- 
racter, 248 ; now ealled Rochester 
House School 

Ealing, Name, Situation, Boundaries 
and Extent, 173, 174, 175 

description of the Village; 

Volunteer Association, 228; Manor; 
Ceremonies of holding Court Leet 
and Court Baron; Parsonage 
House ; Royalties, or Bight of 
Fishing, &c. 231 

Ealing Grove Industrial School, patro- 
nized by Lady Noel Byron, terms 
and regulations of, 240 

Bectory and Vicarage, Church, 

176; Succession of Vicars, 178 

Church Inventory, anno 1552, 

third year of Edward VI. 183. 

Parish Register, extracts from, 



relating to the Plague in 1665, 
Church Bells, peal of, 175 ; Right 
of Ringing of the Bells, 219 
Church Monuments and In- 



scriptions inside enumerated, 190, 
204; Charities and Benefactions, 
205, 211 

Ealing Park, succession of the Pro- 
perty, description of the House ; 
Library; Furniture; Gardens; Sta- 
tues, Pope's Temple; Rare Plants 
&c. 491, 493 

Election for Members of Parliament, 
when first established at Brent- 
ford. 37 

Election of Members of Parliament, 
Riots and Disturbances during the 
Elections at Brentford, 115, 123 

Elliot, General, his gallant defence of 
Gibraltar, 403 

Edric Streone murders Edmund Iron- 
side, at Brentford, 13; afterwards 
executed, 14 



GENERAL INDEX* 



503 



Elm Grove, a capital Mansion so called, 
the property and residence of the 
late Right Hon. Spencer Perceval, 
Chancellor of the Exchequer, assas- 
sination of him in the House of 
Commons, Biographical account of, 
241, 246 

Extracts, singular and curious, from 
ihe Brentford Parish Books, 81, 88 



Fauconberg, T. Earl of, his residence, 
480 

Fauconberg Lady, after the death, 
of the lute Earl resided at Chis- 
wick ; her death and character, 
480 

Ferry at Brentford, the property of 
John Haverfield, Esq. 103. 

Fielding, Henry, the Cervantes of 
England, his residence at Ford- 
hook, leaves Ealing in June 1754 ; 
sails to Lisbon and dies there in 
August, stands yet at the head of 
the English School of Comic 
Romance, 208 

Floods, great ones in 1082 and 1841 ; 
particulars of the devastations, 148, 
140, 152 

Foscolo, Ugo, his residence and cha- 
racter, 407 

Fox, Sir Stephen, purchases a Copy- 
hold Estate at Chiswick, his House 
and Gardens described ; King Wil- 
liam's remarkable exclamation upon 
visiting the place; the Mansion 
pulled down in 1812 

Fox, Sir Stephen, Biographical Ac- 
count of, 373, 381 

Geology of the Neighbourhood, 4 

Glasse, Rev. G. H. his various Publi- 
cations, 00 

Grand Junction Canal, 143 

Grand Junction Water Works, 5, 272 

Grove House, description of, singular 
indulgence shewn here to animals, 
483, 485 

Gunnersbury House, the residence of 
Thomas Farmer, Esq. 257 

Gunnersbury Manor, History of, 252 ; 
Park House described, 255, 250, 
257 ; Manor House, 258 

Hazard and Go's. Brewery, 100 
Heathfield House, description of, 402 
Heathfield, Lord, account of, 403 
High House, built by Sir S. Fox, 452 
Hogarth, William, Esq. account of, 
430 448 



Hogarth's House, situation of, 440 
Holland, Charles, account of, 450 
Horticultural Gardens, Situation and 
Description of, 471, 478 

Jones's, Inigo, Gateway in Chiswick 
Gardens, 434 

Kew Bridge, when built, 100 

Kew Ferry, grant of, to Basil C.Nichol, 

100 
King, William, Dr. celebrated for the 

elegance of his Compositions , his 

residence near Ealing Church, 248 
Kirby, J. J. Esq. Architect, account of, 

bmied in Kew Church yard. 131 

Louth erbourgh, Mr. De, his residence 
and monument, 433, 450 t 

Macartney, George, Earl of, Biogra- 
phical account of his Lordship, 370 ; 
His Monument, 335 

Majesty Her, the Queen, rejoicings on 
her arrival at Brentford, 152, 154 

Mangey, Dr. Vicar of Ealing, account 
of his Works, 181 

Manors in Chiswick, Inquisition of, 
280, 280; Prebendal Manor Sur- 
veys and descent of, down to the 
present Lessee, Charles Welstead, 
Esq. 202 

Marian Persecution, details of, 15 

Market and Fairs, 80; Charter of 
King Edward the First for those at 
Brentford, with the original Charter 
and Translation, 01 ; Futile attempt 
to put down the Fairs, 03 ; Mar- 
guarite of France, wife of Edward 
the First procures the Charter for 
the Market and Fairs, 00 

Maw, Leonard, Bishop, account of, 400 

Mawson Row, 451 

Mawson, Bishop, account of, 452 

Maynard, Serjeant, his residence at 
Gunnersbury Park, his singularly 
eventful life, 253 

Mechanics Institution, account of, 135 

Melmoth, William, Esq. his residence 
at Ealing House, his elegant trans- 
lations, 240 

Middlesex, why so called, 2 

Miller, Joe, not the author of the Jests 
which go by his name, 488 

Monuments and Inscriptions in the 
Chinches and Church vards, 53, 100, 
311, 340 

Montgomrey's Timber Yard, 163 

Mottley, Col. the author of Joe Mil- 
ler's Jests, 488 



504 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Murphy, Arthur, Esq. his residence, 
455 

Nassau, Count of, decamps iuto Hol- 
land in debt, 453 

Neele, Mr. Henry, account of, 458 

New Poor Law Union and Brentford 
Union Workhouse. 137 

New Church, 4GS 

Noy, Sir William, his house in New 
Brentford, 146 



Onne, Robert. Esq. Biographical 
account of. 234 ; Buried in the 
Church of Ealing, 190 

Owen,' Rev. Dr. John, his residence 
at Ealing, Adhere he died in 1683 ; 
Elected Member of Parliament in 
1652, though a Divine, 249 



Packhorse Inn, why so called, 464 
Parliamentary Army at Turnham | 
Green, in 1642 : Great Battle there I 
between the Cavaliers and the 
Roundheads, 281 
Parochial Perambulations, 220 
Pearee, Thomas, Esq. his residence 
and death at Little Ealing ; Dr. 
Pearee, Bishop of Rochester, seized 
at his son's house with mortal 
illness, 249 
Petition of the people of Brentford, to 

the Parliament, 22 
Pitt's Hanger, Manor of, the resi- 
dence of Thomas Edwards. Esq. 
author of the " Canons of Criti- 
cism," 264 

Redman, Henry and Joan, their gifts to 

Brentford Church, 45, 62, 72 
River Thames and Fishery, 8 
Rochester House, Little Ealing, 248 
Roman Road through Turnham 
Green. 277 ; Roman Coins dug up 
here in 1731, 277 
Rose, Dr. William, account of, 349, 368 



Ross, Capt. account of his Second 

Voyage to the North Pole, 165 
Rotschild, Baroness, her residence at 

Gunnersburv Park, 252 
Roundheads and Cavaliers, why so 

called. 25 
Royal Visits to Chiswick House, 436, 

437, 438 

Sharp, Mr. William, account of, and of 
Brothers the false Prophet, 455,458 

h'oap Manufactory, carried on by 
Messrs. Rowe, 164 

Stafford House, situation of, 467 

Stoddart, Rev. Dr. receives the thanks 
of the Committee of Visiting Jus- 
tices, 70, 71 

Strand-on -the-Green, description of, 
eminent Inhabitants; New Pier for 
Steam Boats established here, 487 

Sturgess, Rev. Dr. Vicar of Ealing; 
Account of his Preferments and 
Works, 182 

Sutton. Village, antiquity of, 479 

Sutton, Village of, description of, 482 

Sutton Manor, descent of, 480 

Swan Upping described, 9 

The Thames at Kew Bridge almost dry 
at low water, 490 

Tooke, Home, Rev. his Clerical cha- 
racter, 69 

Tradesmens' Tokens, 162, 250, 383 

Trimmer, Mrs. Biographical Memoir 
of, 155, 162, 162, 250, 383 

Turnham Green, description of, 461 

Villages and Towns, origin of, 3 

Whittingham, Mr. Charles, account 
of his Paper Factory and Printing 
Office, 459; His Parish Benefac- 
tion, 460 

Yew Tree, an ancient one, at Sutton 
Court, 483 

Zoffani, ,1. account of, 488 




chelsea: 
printed uy t. w1lsher, manor street. 



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